In the park，you see a group of people，all looking up at the sky． Without thinking about it， you look upwards， too． Why？ In the concert，someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in． You do， too． Why？
Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others． The more people follow an idea， the better or truer we think the idea is． It's the social proof （社会认同感）that works．
The scientist Asch carried out an experiment． It shows how social proof can influence us． In a room， a man is shown Line 1，and next to it are three lines （A，B，C）． A is longer，C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1． He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1． When the man is alone，he gives the correct answer B． Then， five other men enter the room， and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to． Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C． Asch got the same result many times among different subjects （实验对象）．
Why do we act like this？Well，in the past， following others was a way to keep from danger．Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打猎） with friends．Suddenly，they all ran away．What would you have done？ Would you have stayed？ No，you would have run，too．We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others' action． It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now．
Social proof has special power．The advertising industry，for example，often makes use of it．So be careful whenever a company says its product is "the most popular"．
（1）At the beginning of the passage， the writer leads in the topic by ．
A．telling a story
B．giving examples
C．answering questions
D．showing a map
（2）According to Paragraph 3， the experiment by Asch shows ．
A．following others is always right
B．social proof may change people's ideas
C．it's difficult to carry out the experiment
D．people can study better if they are alone
（3）The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 4 refers to ．
A．running with others
B．hunting with friends
C．copying others' action
D．doing something different
（4）According to the passage，we can infer （推断）that ．
A．it's important to run with others anytime
B．products in the advertisement are the best
C．we mustn't copy others' action to keep safe
D．we need to think twice before following others
It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes， a beautiful quiet island． "iPhone， iPhone， iPhone，" my son kept moaning （呻吟）． In front of him was a big window facing the blue ocean． And a cool gentle wind was coming in from the door． Clearly， he saw and felt none of it．
Back at home， I'd soon give up and hand the phone over to him after five minutes of listening to this kind of moaning．
But not here，Before we left，I had told my 10﹣year﹣old son the rule ﹣﹣ no emails，no Facebook，no video games， and no iPhone． We came here to get away from them all． Here we were on our first day and already， he couldn't stand it．
▲I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea． My 6﹣year﹣old daughter and my husband were drawing on pieces of wood． They were doing just fine．
On Day 2，we spent the whole morning digging for shells （贝壳）．This time， my son joined us． He collected shellfish and other sea treasures． When we got back to our little wood house， I gave my son a book， and put him on the lovely garden chair． It was almost dinner when he looked up．
The next few days passed in peace．
On Day 6， my son was lying beside me on the beach， watching the sun going down． He was playing with the sand． And there was something shining in his eyes． I realized how time slowed down for both of us． It was exactly what I wanted． Finally， we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens， phone calls and e﹣mail．
A week away from all the electronics and life is good．
（1）What is the special rule for the writer's vacation？
A． They couldn't use their electronics．
B． They must keep quiet and stay in the house．
C． They had to spend their vacation on an island．
D． They should collect as many shells as possible．
（2）Which of the following can be put in "▲'' in Paragraph 4？
A． I felt really tired and went to bed．
B． I closed the door and stayed with him．
C．I just walked outside to leave him alone．
D．I gave him his iPhone and let him stay inside．
（3）The change of the son's feelings can be described as ．
A．angry →surprised→proud
B．excited→peaceful→bored
C．worried→angry→hopeful
D．bored→peaceful→pleased
（4）The best title for the passage can be ．
A． A Terrible Life on the Island
B． A Special iPhone for My Son
C． A Fight between Mother and Son
D． A Vacation Away from Electronics
International Museum Day is coming． Here are some special museums that you must see．
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Sweet Museum， Russia |
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Do you love candy？ Don't miss the sweet world in Russia． You can find different kinds of sweet food here． But they are just models! Look， how big the lollipops （棒棒糖）are! People can ride on them． Want to taste the ice cream？ Be careful﹣the ice﹣cream balls are lights! |
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Museum of Failure， Sweden |
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There are more than 100 failed products in the museum． Some of them come from the world's most successful companies， like the Newton computer from Apple． Maybe success stories are similar and kind of boring， but we can find interesting stories in failures and learn something from them． |
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Cancun Underwater Museum， Mexico |
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It is a secret garden under the sea． You can either dive （潜水）or take a glass boat into it． Down here， sea animals live around 400 sculptures （石膏像）． Each sculpture tells a story and it's made of special material， which is good for the sea life． |
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Museum of Broken Relationships， Croatia |
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Some relationships end ﹣ with lovers， with dreams and with cities， This special museum has a collection of objects from people all over the world who want to lock their memories． Each of the objects shares a story of their past relationship． |
（1）If you're interested in art under the sea， you may go to ．
A．Sweet Museum
B．Cancun Underwater Museum
C．Museum of Failure
D．Museum of Broken Relationships
（2）According to the passage， which of the following is TRUE？
A．People can taste the candies on show in Sweet Museum．
B．People learn about success stories in Museum of Failure．
C．Objects in Museum of Broken Relationships have their stories．
D．The material of sculptures in Cancun Underwater Museum is harmful．
（3）The passage is probably from the column （栏目）of in a magazine．
A．Culture
B．Health
C．Sports
D．Food
After school on Friday，I waited at the school gate to walk home with Jemma，as usual． Then I saw （1） talking and laughing happily with some other girls． She glanced （瞥了一眼）at me and left me alone there． I knew right then that I had（2） my best friend．
At dinner，Mom asked，"Is Jemma coming by tomorrow？"
I shrugged （耸肩）and said nothing．
The next morning，Mom asked，"Today is （3） ． What are you and Jemma going to do？" I shrugged again． "（4） is Jemma？"
Mom took a look at me． Then she said， "Will you take these magazines to Grandma， please？"
（5） I walked down the street， a new girl in the neighborhood came towards me，smiling．But I just went（6） her．
Grandma welcomed me at the door with a warm hug．
Sitting on the sofa， I noticed a（an） （7） of kids in old﹣fashioned clothes on the table． Grandma pointed at a girl with short fair hair．
"That's Beth Lambert， "she said， "My best friend． Until a week before we took this photo． " I was （8） at that．
"Beth and I were best friends in school． We did everything （9） ．Then one day， she made new friends and said she didn't want to hang out with me anymore． Nothing hurt （10） that．"
I didn't say anything． I couldn't． I knew I'd start （11） if I opened my mouth．
Grandma hugged me again． "Simone， sometimes friends grow （12） ． It might happen to anyone， "she continued． "Then， see him？ "Grandma's finger（13） to a boy with glasses in the photo． "He lived near me． When I was walking home by myself （14） this boy was， too， I said 'hello'． And we became friends．"
"So， if we want to start a new friendship， "she smiled． "One （15） is all it took．"
As I was heading home， that new girl appeared again． I went towards her and spoke，"Hello．"
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（1）A．it |
B． them |
C．her |
D．him |
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（2）A．lost |
B． hurt |
C．forgotten |
D．beaten |
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（3）A．Monday |
B． Friday |
C．Saturday |
D．Sunday |
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（4）A．How |
B． Where |
C．Which |
D．Who |
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（5）A．As |
B． Before |
C．After |
D．Until |
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（6）A．to |
B． past |
C．with |
D．against |
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（7）A．card |
B． photo |
C．poster |
D．advertisement |
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（8）A．glad |
B．angry |
C．satisfied |
D．surprised |
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（9）A．together |
B．outside |
C．differently |
D．quickly |
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（10）A．less than |
B．because of |
C． more than |
D．instead of |
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（11）A．singing |
B．laughing |
C． shouting |
D．crying |
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（12）A．old |
B．separate |
C． strong |
D．close |
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（13）A．moved |
B．connected |
C． returned |
D．waved |
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（14）A．so |
B．but |
C．for |
D．and |
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（15）A．hug |
B．smile |
C．word |
D．question |
下面短文中有四处（第1﹣4题）需要添加小标題．阅读短文，然后从方框中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并完成第5题．
Sleep plays an important role in our life． A lack of sleep can influence our ability to work and study．
（1）
Normal people need 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night． But for teenagers， a healthy amount（数量） is about 8 to 10 hours． Sadly， only of people manage that．
（2）
Tiredness usually reaches its highest twice a day， at 2 a．m． and 2 p．m． That explains whys students easily fall asleep in afternoon classes． So sleeping at noon for a while helps us work better in the rest of the day．
（3）
People can make mistakes if they don't get enough sleep． Students cannot pay attention in class or do well in sports． Drivers who have fallen asleep while driving have caused 1%﹣10% of the traffic accidents in our life． And we can imagine what will happen if a doctor feels sleepy at the operating﹣table!
（4）
There are several ways that can help us sleep better， such as avoiding drinks that make us excited late in the day， going to sleep at the same time each night， and sleeping in a comfortable place that is dark， quiet and warm．
A． Bad influences
B． Sleeping hours
C． The most tiring moments
D． Good sleeping habits
（5）The passage mainly encourages us to ． （不得超过5个单词）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式．
A group of boys were playing basketball in the park． The playground was great， （1） there was no fence（栅栏）around it．If one boy missed the ball， someone had to catch it at once， so it wouldn't go too far away．
One boy threw the ball too hard and it flew like a rocket over the （2） （head）of all the other boys， and kept on flying．
Anna was sitting nearby and watching the ducks swim in the river． Suddenly， she （3） （hear）some shouting and turned to see a big， orange object coming towards （4） （she）．
"Stop the ball，" one of them shouted．
The ball landed close to the river． The ducks flew away quickly．
Anna opened her arms， just in time （5） （stop） the ball as it was going to fall into the river．
"Could you please bring it over here？"asked one boy （6） （polite）．
Anna walked to them with the ball． She was nervous because the boys were （7） （old） than her． However， they were very nice and thanked her （8） saving the ball．
"Can I join you？" Anna asked．
The boys agreed， but they were not sure （9） she could throw the ball even close to the basket．
Anna took the ball and then had （10） try． The boys watched in surprise as the ball went straight into the basket． Anna smiled as the boys cheered loudly for her．
阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）．
Cooking was once regarded as a necessary part of education in England． But in recent years， it has become less important in schools． As a result， （1） （基础的） cooking and food preparation skills are being lost． It is also making more children overweight， as parents use too much fast food that is（2） （有害的） to their health．
The government is worried and is looking for ways to （3） （解决） the problem． A new law has been passed． All secondary schools should offer cooking （4） （课程） to students aged from 11 to 14 years old． They hope that this will encourage people to cook instead of eating （5） （准备好的） meals， fast food and snacks．
Students will learn to cook for one hour a （6） （星期） for one term． They will learn to use simple and fresh ingredients（原料） to prepare healthy， tasty food， following （7） （说明）． These cooking skills will be helpful in their future life． Schools are also setting up cooking clubs all over the country． The clubs will （8） （提供） more children with the chance to learn to cook．
There are still difficulties． Head teachers are worried about the things they will need for the cooking． And about 15% of schools do not have （9） （厨房） and there are not enough teachers．
The speaker from the government （10） （允诺） to train 800 teachers and to give schools million pounds a year to help children from poorer families to pay for ingredients．
用所给词语的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次．
nine， ours， beside， punish， after all
（1）Don't lose heart． You are new to the work ．
（2）According to the present law， drunk driving must seriously．
（3）I always keep a dictionary me when I'm doing crosswords．
（4）Last Sunday the whole family celebrated my sister's birthday．
（5）The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that are bigger．
阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案．
Mark Zuckerberg， who starts the social network Facebook， often wears jeans and a T﹣shirt to work， including to important business meetings． Not everyone agrees with him． Some people say he doesn't look serious this way．
Harvard Business School researcher， Franccsca Gino， has a different idea． While most people seem to think that dressing differently from those around you generally has a bad influence， she believes it can actually have a positive（积极的） effect． And she's done experiments to support her idea． When her researchers， wearing sportswear， visited the expensive shops an Italy， they were usually viewed as wealthier and more important people than those who were well﹣dressed in designer clothes．
Do people always view less formal（正式的） clothing more positively？ Researchers in France took their research out into the street， to the general public． The video they made shows an actor dressed in a well﹣cut suit and shiny shoes． While walking along the road， he begins to cough badly， stops to catch his breath and falls down． Before he even calls for help， people rush to help him． In another video， the actor appears at the same crowded place and repeats the actions in exactly the same way． But this time， no one comes to help． What's the difference？ He's wearing untidy clothes and looks like a homeless person． In a situation like this， the clothes you're wearing could mean the difference between life and death．
It seems that our clothing doesn't only change the way others view us， but also the way we see ourselves． In an experiment testing students' ability to pay attention to details（细节）， the group wearing white lab coats did the best．Why？ Researchers told them that they were wearing the doctors coats． The experiment didn't show whether such influences would last long． More experiments are needed in the future before we decide to make the doctors' coats a must of fashion．
（1）Mark Zuckerberg is not considered serious by some people because ．
A． he does not listen to others' advice
B． he sets up a network of video games
C． he wears jeans and a T﹣shirt to work
D． he often plays jokes at business meetings
（2）Which of the following is Gino's opinion according to Paragraph 2？
A． It is necessary to buy expensive clothes．
B． Wearing less formal clothes is in fact good．
C． It is bad to dress differently from people around you．
D． Wearing sports clothes makes you look less important．
（3）In Paragraph 3， the writer proves（证明） his （her） opinion mainly ．
A． by giving reasons
B． by using pictures
C． by comparing facts
D． by listing numbers
（4）What can we learn from the passage？
A． What we wear makes a difference．
B． Formal clothing makes a wise man．
C． Our value depends on what we wear．
D． Our clothing influences our characters．
阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案．
Fresh green grass． Hundreds of colorful wild flowers． Water running into little pools． Birds making their homes in boxes． The 9， 500﹣square﹣metre Augustenborg Botanical Garden may look just like any other well﹣organized park but there's a difference． It lies on the roofs（屋顶） of industria land office buildings in the city of Malmo in Sweden．
Green roofs are not a new invention． And now they are getting popular again． The common roofs of a modern city have endless black surfaces with no life or water． Perhaps that's why a garden on a roof becomes such a perfect choice for more and more people．
Green roofs are not just pretty． They also help to moderate the city temperature． The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot． What is more， they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them， causing the "urban heat﹣island effect"． On a green roof， however， with its plants and water， temperatures change only a little， as they do in a park． This can greatly cut the costs of heating and cooling in the building below．
Also， a green roof takes in rain water， and protects the city drainage（排水） system．_____ And small animals and birds can make their homes on it． Thanks to this， the city may become part of nature， rather than something completely separate from it．
While the cost of building such a roof can still be higher， it can be cheaper in the long term as a result of energy savings． And wouldn't it be wonderful to be able to walk out into a garden high above the city's noise and traffic， whether you're at school or in an office or just at home in a ten﹣floor block．
（1）With the example of Augustenborg Botanical Garden， the writer wants to explain ．
A． how wildlife is protected
B． what a green roof is like
C． how to organize a good park
D． what to do with a spare roof
（2）The underlined word " moderate" in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to " "．
A． raise
B． check
C． record
D． control
（3）Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4？
A． A green roof is alive．
B． A green roof stops pollution．
C． A common roof is noisy．
D． A common roof increases the cost．
（4）The purpose of the passage is to ．
A． discover the problems with green roofs
B． introduce the change of green roofs
C． show the amazing beauty of green roofs
D． describe the advantages of green roofs
阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案．
Everyone faces difficulties in their life． Daniel Kish was born with a special eye illness and lost his eyesight before he was only 14 months old．
Soon after， however， he started to do an amazing thing． He learned to make clicks（咔哒声） with his tongue to help him move around． Kish now moves about using sonar（声呐）． He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle by himself on public roads． And he started the organization World Access for the Blind（WAFTB） in 2000， teaching others how to use sonar． In the interview with National Geographic， he explains how the sonar works．
"When I make a click sound， it produces sound waves． These waves reflect（反射） off surfaces all around and return to my ears． My brain then deals with the sound and turns it into pictures in my mind． Each click is like a camera flash， which helps me make a 3﹣D picture of my surroundings for hundreds of feet． It's like having a conversation with the environment．"
Kish feels it is exciting to ride a bike using a sonar， although he needs to click twice a second， much more than he usually does． "It may sound a bit dangerous to move around the world in this way，" he says． "But most people in the world live in fear of things that they imagine． I love hiking and mountain﹣biking． I go almost everywhere． And I've never had an accident and hurt myself．"
He is happy to be able to help more blind children to improve their life．"We've served over 10， 000 students in nearly 40 countries，" he tells the reporter．"Many students are surprised how quickly results come． Seeing isn't in the eyes． It's in the mind．"
（1）Kish moves around using sonar because ．
A． he is good at making clicks
B． it make him "see" the world
C． he has a great interest in science
D． it is important for him to keep healthy
（2）Which of the following is the right order shoeing the sonar works？
①The sound waves reflect off surfaces．
②The person makes a clicking sound．
③The brain turns the sound into pictures．
④The sound waves reach the person's ears．
A．①④③②
B．②①④③
C．①④②③
D．②③①④
（3）What can we learn about World Access for the Blind（WAFTB） from the passage？
A． It offers the blind free bicycles．
B． It sells sonar products to the blind．
C． It teaches the blind to use sonar．
D． It helps the blind find more friends．
（4）The best title for the passage might be ．
A． Living without fear
B． Travelling with the blind
C．Hoping for the future
D． Looking around the world
阅读下面材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案．
Every year，more than 26,000 children arrive in Britain．We ask some new arrivals what they like best about their new lives and what's different from home．
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Jarek，Poland I don't know anybody from Poland here， but I'm lucky because the English boy next door is very friendly and kind． We are in the same class! I like teachers here． At home， the teachers seem a bit strict and serious． There are a lot of rules， too． Here， teachers are patient and don't give much homework． We students go out of school and buy pizza or burgers at lunchtime． We can't do that in Poland． |
Daisy & Luck，the USA My sister and I like living here．It's cool！My sister loves the British accent（口音）．Everybody here is very polite．But we don't understand all your strong words﹣we say "yard" not "garden" and "apartment" not "flat" The food is better here．There's Chinese，Indian and Thai．At home we eat too much fast food． |
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It's too cold here! I hate doing sports， especially outside in winter． The teacher here is very serious about sports．I prefer science and maths．I love the maths class because the teacher is really funny， just like my maths teacher in India． The school is so big and some students seem unfriendly． Iim from a small village school．I think it's hard to communicate with them． |
（1）Among the above four children， probably likes the new school life best．
A． Luck
B．Zinah
C． Jarek
D． Daisy
（2）In Zinah's eyes， her maths teacher in India might be ．
A． cold
B． strict
C． patient
D． humorous
（3）The passage is probably taken from ．
A． a travel magazine
B． an education website
C． a geography textbook
D． a business newspaper
Last summer my son，Eric， left for university in another country． Our once lively house became quiet and （1） ． I missed him so much that I started sending him messages on the phone， mainly to say（2） or to give him a word of warning．
One of my messages says， "So you told me you（3） your credit card（信用卡）．If you don't try hard to mend your careless ways， one day you'll （4） and find your brain missing．"
I did get Eric's messages， but most of them were about（5） ．They were no different from the notes he used to leave （6） the white board when he was at home．
"I bought a new pair of shoes． They cost me ﹩90． Please help!"
"Money is running short（7） I've bought some books for my research paper． Help me please!"
（8） ， however， Eric begins to send me all kinds of articles： some funny， some touching and some worth（9） ． He says they will help me understand young men better and keep up with the times．
I read the articles slowly， like a（10） student，with mixed feelings as well﹣my kid， who followed me around not long ago， has now become my（11） !
So I write back， "I've read all those articles． I'll take（12） as a loving son's expectations towards his mother． He must be thinking that his mother is still （13） enough to accept new things． That makes me feel proud． What we parents lack（缺乏） most is the ability to learn and（14） ，in both body and mind．Thank you， my son．"
In this way we share ideas and（15） each other， with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use． Every time I read those messages， I feel my heart filled with warmth．
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（1）A．dark |
B． clean |
C． lonely |
D．comfortable |
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（2）A．hello |
B． sorry |
C． thanks |
D．goodbye |
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（3）A．lost |
B． lent |
C． designed |
D．received |
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（4）A．give up |
B． wake up |
C． set off |
D．take off |
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（5）A．health |
B． music |
C． money |
D．safety |
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（6）A．on |
B． across |
C． behind |
D．opposite |
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（7）A．if |
B． until |
C． though |
D．because |
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（8）A．Luckily |
B． Actually |
C． Recently |
D．Immediately |
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（9）A．copying |
B． writing |
C． thinking |
D．correcting |
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（10）A．crazy |
B． popular |
C． nervous |
D．careful |
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（11）A．doctor |
B． teacher |
C． customer |
D．classmate |
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（12）A．us |
B． you |
C． him |
D．them |
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（13）A．young |
B． pretty |
C． friendly |
D．honest |
|
（14）A．fight |
B． change |
C． exercise |
D．remember |
|
（15）A．watch |
B． invite |
C． protect |
D．encourage |
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式．
Greetings from Madrid！
I can't believe I'm finally here! The trip from Hong Kong （1） （be） long and tiring，but I made it．My hotel is nice and I am staying in a guesthouse in the central area of Madrid．I got a cheap and simple room， much （2） （small） than my own room back home． It only has a small bed and shower， （3） it is quite comfortable to stay in．The weather here is wonderful． It's warm and sunny，（4） clear blue skies every day． It's great for sightseeing， because there are a lot of things to see and do． I've found a friendly guide here and yesterday I （5） （show）around the city． Tomorrow he will take （6） （I） to Andalusia to visit the city of Granada． I can't wait（7） （see）the Alhambra Palace and other places of interest． Also， I（8） （real） want to try the food there﹣ especially gazpacho，（9） kind of cold soup which I hear is special， very different from anything else in Spain．
I'll bring you back some （10） （present）． See you next month!
Love， Jamie
根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出正确的单词．每空限填一词．
In Chinese lunar calendar， people（1） （划分） the year into 24 solar terms（节气）．Start of Summer means the coming of a new （2） （季节）﹣ summer， and it begins on May 6 and ends on May 21 this year． The temperature will （3） （上升） quickly during this period．
Here are three things about how Chinese greet the Start of Summer．
Checking one's weight
The （4） （风俗） of weighing people at the Start of Summer started from the Three Kingdoms Period and is （5） （仍然）popular in South China today． It's said that this practice will bring health and good luck to the people weighed．
Eating eggs
In ancient China， people believed a （6） （圆的）egg was a symbol of a happy life and eating eggs on the day of Start of Summer was a good （7） （愿望）for good health． People put left over tea into boiled water together with eggs to create "tea egg"． Today it has become a（8） （当地的） snack in many places of China．
Taking care of the heart
According to Chinese traditional medicine， Start of Summer is a key time to moisten the heart．When it grows hot， heat can affect human health． So people （9） （更喜欢）food such as fruit and vegetables rich in vitamins and cool in nature．
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