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The basics of infrastructure design
It is rightly pointed out various intellectuals that the lifestyle of today is vastly different from that of the earlier times especially in terms of its pace. Lifestyle of today is remarkablyfast paced and so in order to catch up with such a pace of life, the adoption of smart and time saving methods is of real significance. Well, the highways have certainly contributed in this direction and have made our lives a lot easier. Thanks to the modern flyovers and expressways, a single route can be accessed by twice the number of vehicles at the same time.
These facilities and supplies have made our lives double free but it needs to be realized that designing and constructing it is a very complex and a long process. You have to hold fast to the various rules of designing, government standards and most importantly, their safety and usability for the people. In the end it is a joint effort of a number of skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians. The material that is used in the construction is finalized after it undergoes certain tests for evaluating their qualities like hardness, roughness, thickness and all that is required. 
Some of the points you have to take care of while laying an infrastructure design are as follows:
The basic layout (布局) of the road — At this level of planning, various civil engineers have meetings to figure out the basic requirements of the road like thickness of the asphalt (沥青), the size of lanes, distance to be covered, degree of curves and much more. These fundamental points help them decide the further line of action.
The prior steps — Before any work is stated over the basic plan layout, there are various preparations to be made like placing road signs, the removal of trees that may prove to be dangerous in the event of a storm or other natural causes, the positioning of fire hydrants (消防栓) based on special designs to be useful when required, etc.
Inclusion of safety barriers — The safety barriers are placed on almost all roads and highways that are made over or near to rivers and cliffs. These barriers keep the vehicles from moving into the traffic in instances of accidents. These should also be designed in advance of placing them on a road and the design should be such that it makes minimum impact upon the people sitting in the car. These include supplies like side rails and light poles.
Asphalt pavement marking — It is the process of using a reflective material to indicate various important points on the road like lanes, turns, passing areas, two way and one way roads.
Though the smooth and wide highways constructed in big cities seem to be very attractive for the drivers, the ease of use is also the cause of accidents. Cars rushing at extremely high speeds and insecure change of lanes are a common sight on the highways. With the help of novel infrastructure design engineers, we can make the best possible use of highways. If these are designed properly and sign boards are placed at the required points, a number of road accidents can be avoided.

The basics of infrastructure design
Reason for construction of infrastructure	Infrastructure must_________ the demands of today’s fast-paced lifestyle.
Challenges of design and _________	Various rules, standards, safety and usability should be taken into careful consideration.
Skilled engineers, scientists and statisticians have to work hard _________.
Materials must be_________ to ensure their qualities.
Points to follow	Various engineers meet to make sure about fundamental _________ of the road.
Things like __________ trees that are potentially dangerous must be done before construction.
Safety barriers should be carefully_________ before being placed to prevent accidents.
Material that can _________ light should be used to marks on the pavement.
Possible problems and solutions	Smooth and wide highways may _________accidents.
Highways should be designed properly and sign boards _________ at the required points.

 

It was a winter morning, just before Christmas, while most people were warming up their cars, my husband, Trevor, had to ride his bike 4 kilometers away from home to work. On his     (arrive), he parked his bike outside the back door      usual. After 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone,       was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, and also the bike was used     (get) groceries, saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live. I was so sad     I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, and then called my husband to fetch    . Once again my husband had a way to get to and     his job. It really is     honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. People say that a smile can    (pass) from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect on our lives because it   (strong) our faith in humanity. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others.

A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private safes(保险箱).
They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building equipment to dig holes and destroy walls.
       Saturday night, they tied up a security guard and spent        next nine hours robbing the bank.
One investigator described the robbery        a “professional job”. The robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday        left at 7:00 on Sunday. They entered through the basements of the neighboring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank,        was having building works at the time.
When        left, the robbers set the place on fire to remove any trace of evidence, switching  on the anti-fire system and flooding the building. Fortunately, the guard escaped unharmed.
        is difficult to estimate the total value of        was stolen as only the bank’s clients(储户) know the content of their private safes.

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Bassanio fell in love         Portia, but he couldn’t ask her to marry him          he was poor. He had to borrow some money ______    his friend Antonio, a merchant of Venice. Antonio had no money then. He went to Shylock, a cruel and______   (greed) money-lender. Shylock agreed to lend him the money on condition that he would cut a pound of his flesh______   he couldn’t repay him within three months.
Unfortunately Antonio’s ships were lost      sea. ______   (know) that Antonio probably had to die, Portia asked Bassanio to go to see his friend at once. She dressed herself        as a lawyer and turned up at the court. She let Shylock cut just______  one pound of flesh off Antonio, no more, no less, no drop of blood, otherwise he ______   lose all his money. Her clever idea saved Antonio and made Shylock give half of his money to Venice.

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If the name Marissa Mayer doesn't sound familiar, Google it-that's probably what she'd want you to do, anyway.
But now Mayer, 37, is trading in (跳槽）her executive title at Google to be the new CEO of Yahoo, it was widely announced on July 16, 2012. Here are four things to know about Yahoo's new leader.
1. She Made History
When she started working for Google in 1999~years before Google became an everyday verb, Mayer was the company's first female engineer. But "Googirl" nickname aside, "I'm not a woman at Google. I'm a geek at Google," Mayer, who was the company's 20^th employee, told CNN in April. "If you can find something that you're really passionate about, whether you're a man or a woman comes a lot less into play.
2.She's Glamorous (富有魅力的）
Add this title to her resume: Woman of the year. In 2009, Mayer was one of the leading ladies highlighted by Glamour magazine in its annual special issue. Photographed in a striking red dress, Mayer said, "When people think about computer science, they imagine people with pocket protectors and thick glasses who code all right. I do code all night!
3.And So Is HerApartment
If Google is your homepage, you're familiar with its clean-cut style and simple color scheme-just like Mayer's home. "People used to come over to my apartment and say, ‘Does your apartment look like Google or does Google look like your apartment?" She told The New York Times. "I can't say it clearly anymore. I really love color. I'm not very cluttery. My place has very clean simple lines. That has always appealed to me.”
4._______________
Ready to take on yet another important role, Mayer, who married financier Zachary Bogue in 2009, tweeted (写博文）out yet another announcement the same day word broke of her moveto Yahoo. "Another piece of good news today-zackbogue and I are expecting a new baby boy in October! I am going to be a mom!"
What does "Google it" in the first paragraph mean？(no more than 6 words)
___________________________________
Which company is Marissa Mayer working for now? (no more than 2 words)
___________________________________
How do you find Marissa Mayer's apartment？(no more than 5 words)
___________________________________
On which day did Mayer announce her another important role?(no more than 4 words)
___________________________________
What is the best title for the last paragraph? (no more than 7 words)
___________________________________

Anyone who owns a car knows that we should maintain the car and fill it with fuel of good quality. To keep it looking good, we occasionally take it       a wash. If we abuse the car, it won’t take us where we want to go.       it is with our body and soul. The body is just like a vehicle to do the soul’s building.       the body is full of energy, it can help open up the soul. Some deeper life issues will become easy for us. Just       we learn to maintain a car, we ought to learn how to maintain the body. There must be     balance between enjoying ourselves and working. For one thing, we don’t need to be a slave.      can sometimes refresh the body so that our soul can accomplish more. For      , we have to be in control. Enjoy the pleasure,      don’t be addicted to it. Only when our body is at full power can the “will-power” go further.

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Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.
Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practise English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

Title: Host Family Accommodation
Definition	Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a     member of the host family, eating together and sharing the living areas with the hosts.
	Language study	Students learn the language faster because they    frequently enough.
Cultural communication	It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local   , people and culture.
Cost of	Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost.
Problems	Loss of the selling point	Hosts enough time to communicate with students.
Rise in	Students are demanding more from their host families.
taken	Improvement of service quality	Hosts are  living conditions. They are offering students structured activities.
Conclusion	Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.
Zheng Xiyu works at   office in Beijing’s Central Business District．Every day,    takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus．But she is thinking of    (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton,  it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes．She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions     today’s most serious environmental problems.
A recent survey shows   78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed environmentally friendly habits in their daily lives．They are doing things, such as taking reusable shopping bags to the store and setting the air conditioner at a temperature above 26^oC in summer.
On many popular     (society) networking websites, people are advocating a low-carbon lifestyle．Their tips include using the stairs and public transport more frequently   elevators and cars．They hope this lifestyle    (become) more than just a trend within certain groups.
As the most populous nation on the planet with the world’s fastest growing economy, China has become the second biggest emitter(排放者) of greenhouse gases．The recent extreme weather in the southern regions reflects a serious environmental challenge．Experts say there is no time     (delay) with the effort to reduce carbon emissions.

Can you escape from a sinking vehicle? The answer is obviously yes. “But you’ve got to be quick.” said Gordon Greisbeck, a professor from the University of Manitoba’s. Here he gives four rules of survival.
Rule 1.  Don’t call 911 until you are out of the car. You should get out of that vehicle immediately after unbuckling. Think about calling 911 once you’ve made it out alive. ‘Time is very important,” Greisbeck says, “If you touch your cell phone, you’re probably going to die.”
Rule 2.  Don’t open the door. Roll down or break the windows instead. Opening the door is very difficult against the water pressure and it also allows so much water into the vehicle that it will speed up the sinking process. Since most vehicles now have electronically controlled windows, it is probable that the circuits (电路) will short before you have a chance to roll them down. So you’ll need a tool like the Life Hammer to break the windows open. And make sure these tools are within reach at all times.
Rule 3.  Children first. Everybody should get out of their own window if possible, but the kids are going to have a harder time fighting through the rush of water, so push them out if you have to. Greisbeck suggests starting with the oldest kids and taking the youngest out in your arms.
Rule 4.  Get out. Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible. You can’t imagine what will happen in the next second. Any intention to take your belongings can be deadly.
If you’ve failed to get the windows rolled down or broken, you’ll still have the slightest of chances to escape. Once water fills the car, the pressure will be equalized and you will be able to open the door. But to do this, you will also have to be expert at holding your breath in an extremely stressful situation.

How to ___ a Sinking Vehicle
Rules	Details	___
Don’t call Immediately.	Make a phone call once you’ve ___ in escaping.	Time is of great importance.
Don’t Open The door.	Roll down the windows or use a Life Hammer to make the windows __.	◆The water pressure can make opening the door ___. ◆The vehicle will sink ___ if you open the door. ◆Most cars have electronically controlled windows and the circuits will ___ short.
Children first.	Push the oldest kids out first, and then go out with the youngest in your___.	Kids have more difficulty ___ through the rush of water.
Get out.	Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible.	What will happen is___ your imagination.

There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!

Passage outline	Supporting details
Significance of goal-setting in achieving success	In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as ______ efficiency and time management. Students who want to build a good career should attach______to setting high academic goals.
Increase output and performance	By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of_____ completing his or her tasks. Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.
Help in time management	You can have your time and efforts ____ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning. You’re likely to have more time for_____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.
Reduce ____ levels	Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily____ to lack of pressure. Effective goal-setting is____ for you to keep a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity.
Every step counts	You should be _____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently. Your hard work will_____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact         she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished       a driving mistake.
Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without       (stop).
When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car, and that the reason         she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak            old age, so that she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished     he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she      (choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at the first time.
When she had        (success) done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive a car well, and you have no doubts       your eyesight.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not succeeded. The case against Ms. Mary    (dismiss解雇), and her record remained unbroken.

Most Americans have a city they like best. Over the years, American songwriters have described these feelings in music. More songs have been written about America's biggest city, New York, than about any other city. Many others dream about leaving their small towns to go there. They want to become rich and famous. Frank Sinatra sings about this dream in the most popular song written about New York. 
Almost three-million people live in the middle western city of Chicago, Illinois. It is now America's third largest city. It used to be the second largest city. So, of course, it needed its own song. Judy Garland sings the song, "Chicago, Chicago. "
One of America's most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. In nineteen-sixty-four, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called "Viva Las Vegas." Here is the song from that movie. It is sung by the group Z-Z Top.
As we all know, one of the most beautiful cities in America is San Francisco, California. The most popular song about the city is called "I Left My Heart in San Francisco." Tony Bennett recorded it in nineteen-sixty-two. It sold more than three-million records.
Many people love Los Angeles, California. It is now America's second largest city. Los Angeles is popular because the weather is warm and the sun shines almost all the time. Randy Newman sings about his feelings for the city in the song, "I Love L.A." Not everyone, however, loves Los Angeles. Some people do not like all the big roads around the city. They like living in a smaller place. A place like San Jose, California. Dionne Warwick sings about going back to this city. The song is, "Do You Know The Way To San Jose."
Songs about American Cities

States	__________	Features	Songs	Songwriters/ Band
	New York	America's biggest city	A song about New York	____________
Illinois	Chicago,	America's ____________ city	"Chicago, Chicago"	Judy Garland
________	_________	America's second largest city	_________	Randy Newman
San Francisco	___________	"I Left My Heart in San Francisco."	____________
________	small	"Do You Know The Way To San Jose	Dionne Warwick
Nevada	Las Vegas	exciting	A song from "Viva Las Vegas."	the group ___________

 

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A conflict at work is common. If you can avoid conflict, it means you will win what you want regardless of what the other person wants. Since the potential issue has not been removed, it will simply reappear later. Let’s see what you can do.
★Be aware of the fact that some conflicts are unavoidable at work. On numerous occasions, conflict and disagreement are likely to happen. But when a conflict happens it's not the end of the world. On the contrary, it can be the beginning of an interesting learning process. Conflicts mean that people care enough to disagree strongly. The trick is not to allow the conflict to go on forever.
★ Deal with conflicts sooner rather than later. Solve a conflict when it starts, as it only gets worse with time going by. Conflicts at work arise not from something that was said, but from something that wasn't said! Everyone's waiting for the other to admit he's wrong and gets more unpleasant after the conflict has lasted a while. It's essential to interrupt the "waiting game" before it gets to that point.
★Ask nicely. If somebody has done something that made you angry, or if you don't understand their viewpoint or actions, simply asking nicely about it can make a world of difference.  Never assume that people do what they do to annoy or hurt you. Sometimes there's a good reason why that person does what he or she does, and a potential conflict disappear right there. Do remember to make an inquiry, not an accusation of any sort.
★ Appreciate. Praise the other part in the conflict. Tell them why it's worth it to you to solve the conflict. This can be difficult as few people find it easy to praise and appreciate a person they disagree strongly with, but it's a great way to move forward.

Topic	How to______ conflicts at work
Reason	Conflicts won't ______ if not dealt with
_____ on handling conflicts	● Don't be afraid of conflicts which are usually _____. ● Interrupt the "waiting game",  try to admit your ______ actively and solve it soon or it will get______ ● Don’t imagine people do something to make you______ on purpose. Remember not to ______ others, but ask them nicely about what they do, which may make a difference. ● Try to appreciate the other part in the conflict although it is ______ to do so.
	If you learn to do with conflicts, you'll work in joy.

 

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Learning inside the museum
Museums have an important role in providing learning services to users，especially school children．Some learning services will provide a range of formal teaching opportunities in the museum；others will work closely with school teachers so that these teachers can make better use of the learning resources available through displays and exhibitions，databases，handling collections and museum staff.
In an ideal world，every museum would have at least one learning or education specialist．He or she would be a trained teacher who also had a good understanding of museums and museum collections，and a strong feeling to help people especially children use and learn from them.
A museum education specialist is of great value. For most museums the establishment of such a post should be high priority. He or she is the only member of staff with training in the psychology of learning，and has considerable experience of analyzing complex concepts and－presenting them in a simple way to a non-specialist audience. The education specialist is，indeed，the only professional interpreter in the museum.
It is clearly reasonable，therefore，for the museum to make full use of the education specialist's skills，and to involve him or her in all aspects of interpretation and the planning of new displays and exhibitions．Museum learning is not just about teaching children，though children may be its principal audience.
Many small museums may not be able to employ an education specialist of their own．For them，there are other possibilities. One is that the local Schools Service may be able to lend a teacher to the museum，perhaps for two or three years，who could be trained to apply teaching skills to the museum context: another is that suitable volunteers may be available in the community-perhaps retired teacher，or teachers not presently working who may be willing to give some of their time to the museum. Another possibility is sponsorship：a large company might be willing to finance the appointment an education specialist for a few years．
An important part of the work for the education specialist in a museum is to establish strong links with its local schools．He or she is a communicator who has responsibility for keeping contact with the teachers at local schools. He or she should make sure that the schools know what is going on at the museum and how they can make use of it，and that the museum staff know about development in the school.Above all,it is their responsibility to find out what schools want and to ensure that the museum does its best to meet those requirements．There needs to be a continuing dialogue between teachers and museum：the museum needs to know what the teachers are teaching；teachers need to learn how the museum could help，and what resources they could use．
The look of wonder on a child's face can be the reward for a lifetime's work in museums．The aims of museum learning are to establish contact between people ----whether children or adults---and objects；and not to teach facts，but to sow（播）a seed of interest，a spark（火花）of inspiration.

 

Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’ daily life.___ _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ______ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help _____ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _____ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
He was very tired ____ doing this for a whole day, ____ he felt very happy since the crop did "grow" ____ (high).
His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ____ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ____ (result) in the contrary to our intention.