高中英语阅读填空试题

请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格填1个单词。请将答案写在答卷纸上相应题号的横线上。
Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.
Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practise English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

Title: Host Family Accommodation
Definition	Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a     member of the host family, eating together and sharing the living areas with the hosts.
	Language study	Students learn the language faster because they    frequently enough.
Cultural communication	It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local   , people and culture.
Cost of	Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost.
Problems	Loss of the selling point	Hosts enough time to communicate with students.
Rise in	Students are demanding more from their host families.
taken	Improvement of service quality	Hosts are  living conditions. They are offering students structured activities.
Conclusion	Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.

There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!

Passage outline	Supporting details
Significance of goal-setting in achieving success	*In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as______ efficiency and time management. *Students who want to build a good career should attach_____to setting high academic goals.
Increase output and performance	*By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of _____ completing his or her tasks. *Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.
Help in time management	*You can have your time and efforts ___ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning. *You’re likely to have more time for _____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.
Reduce____ levels	*Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily___ to lack of unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. *Effective goal-setting is____ to the development of a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity.
Every step counts	*You should be _____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently. *Your hard work will _____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!

Passage outline	Supporting details
Significance of goal-setting in achieving success	In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as ______ efficiency and time management. Students who want to build a good career should attach______to setting high academic goals.
Increase output and performance	By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of_____ completing his or her tasks. Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets.
Help in time management	You can have your time and efforts ____ better if you follow your setting –goals from the beginning. You’re likely to have more time for_____instead of occupying yourself in working or studying.
Reduce ____ levels	Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily____ to lack of pressure. Effective goal-setting is____ for you to keep a relaxed mind, which can result in positivity.
Every step counts	You should be _____that it’s difficult to follow your goals consistently. Your hard work will_____ off if you stick to your set goals step by step.

根据短文内容，完成文后任务。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Jerome Kern is often called the father of American musical theater. Kern is remembered for the hundreds of songs he wrote for musical plays and movies. Music historians say that Kern gave artistic importance to American popular music for the first time. And, they say, he led the development of the first truly American theater music.
Jerome Kern was born into a middle-class family in New York City in 1885. Jerome’s mother, Fanny, loved the piano. She began to teach Jerome how to play when he was very young.
Jerome was a quiet boy and not a top student. When he completed high school, his father said he would have to work in the family’s store. But he later came to believe that Jerome might do better in music than in business after all. So he let the boy go to Europe to study music, as almost all serious young musicians did at the time.
Jerome Kern began his career as a songwriter in theaters in London and New York City. Success came quickly. By the early nineteen twenties, Kern was a successful young composer for Broadway musical comedies. In one three-year period alone, he wrote music for nineteen shows.
Kern wanted to try something completely new. He thought a musical play should be a real work of art, not just a collection of songs and dances. Kern wanted to do a truly American musical, with real American characters and real situations.
In 1927, he found the story he wanted. It was the book “Show Boat” by American writer Edna Ferber. “Show Boat” takes place in the 1880 on a passenger steam boat that travels along the Mississippi River.
Kern died in 1945 at the age of sixty. But “Show Boat” has been performed thousands of times all over the world.

Anyone who owns a car knows that we should maintain the car and fill it with fuel of good quality. To keep it looking good, we occasionally take it       a wash. If we abuse the car, it won’t take us where we want to go.       it is with our body and soul. The body is just like a vehicle to do the soul’s building.       the body is full of energy, it can help open up the soul. Some deeper life issues will become easy for us. Just       we learn to maintain a car, we ought to learn how to maintain the body. There must be     balance between enjoying ourselves and working. For one thing, we don’t need to be a slave.      can sometimes refresh the body so that our soul can accomplish more. For      , we have to be in control. Enjoy the pleasure,      don’t be addicted to it. Only when our body is at full power can the “will-power” go further.

Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, and boasted of the fact         she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished       a driving mistake.
Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without       (stop).
When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car, and that the reason         she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak            old age, so that she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished     he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she      (choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it at the first time.
When she had        (success) done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive a car well, and you have no doubts       your eyesight.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not succeeded. The case against Ms. Mary    (dismiss解雇), and her record remained unbroken.

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are hugely popular in grocery stores around the world. Many people are accustomed to choosing snack foods in grocery stores.
The first problem with packaged snack foods like cookies, crackers, and other bite-sized options is that they are often loaded with unhealthy materials. The reason for this is fairly easy to understand. Mass-produced foods need to be uniform in color, taste and so on. In order to achieve this uniformity, snack food producers use sugar, salt, and other chemical preservatives (防腐剂) and coloring materials in large amounts. These materials contribute to a rather unhealthy food.
In addition to requiring uniformity of taste and appearance, mass-produced snack foods like potato chips and candies need to be shelf stable. Preservatives and complex packaging make products shelf stable, but this stability and non-perish ability (抗腐性) often come at the expense of nutrition.
One reason that pre-made snacks are so popular in grocery stores is their prices. Food producers can keep costs down by using established production facilities and processes to quickly produce a huge amount of food. Shoppers are drawn to what they see at low prices.
People who are interested in improving the quality of their snacking can use magazines, books, and the Internet to discover a lot of healthy snacking tips and ideas. Even television shows about health and food sometimes talk about healthy snacking alternatives. Some healthy snacks, like fresh fruit, require no preparation at all.
Once people are aware of the drawbacks of clearly cheap and easy snack foods, they can start turning to better options. Soon, perhaps, the old and unhealthy snack options will no longer be profitable for food producers.

Title: Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods
Fact	Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are well ________ around the world.
_______	•Having preservatives, coloring materials and ________  packaging • Having uniformity of ________ and appearance • Being shelf stable • Being at low ________
Problems	• ________ unhealthy materials • Being shelf stable and non-perishable leading to some nutrition ________
Measures	•Discover healthy snacking tips and ideas by ________ magazines, books, the Internet and television shows.
Conclusion	• People will turn to better options once _______ the drawbacks of cheap and easy snack foods. • The old and unhealthy snack foods will no longer bring _______ to food producers.

 

Acting is voluntarily entering the psyche(心灵) of another personality and thinking according to a different set of values. It lets you explore the various possibilities of what you could be. Just being your own self can be boring at times but acting gives you an opportunity to be someone else for a while. It lets you deeply explore what it means to be human!
To play a role, you must embrace(接受) the character you're acting with open arms. Understand the plot of the play and the psyche of your character. Try to understand why your character behaves the way it does. Learn the lines or dialogues thoroughly and explore the thought behind every sentence. This will help you picture the circumstances in which the character finds itself.
To be that person, there is no way you can live the life he or she has, but you can draw parallels from your own life, which will help you relate to the person. You have to draw parallels from your own experience and actually try to feel what the character feels. Say the lines only when you "feel" the way your character does. Let them come out naturally.
Only through practice will you get closer to actually be that person, and many acting exercises can help you. Try saying the dialogue giving the correct facial expressions in front of a mirror. Learn the techniques of raising as well as lowering your voice. Practice acting out the expressions like joy, sorrow, laughter, anger, disapproval, satisfaction etc. These facial expressions, if mastered well, can make your acting experience happy.
In short, your experience off stage and the awareness with which you live your life are the keys you need to unlock your acting potential. Confidence, sincerity and the ability to let go of yourself will turn into a great acting performance!
Title: How to act
___________________of acting
●exploring the various possibilities of what you could be
●avoiding _____________ by being someone else for a while
●exploring the ______________ of being human
II. Tips for acting
Understanding
●understanding ___________and your character's psyche
●knowing ____________for your character's behavior
●reading between the lines
Drawing
●experiencing your character's feelings by drawing parallels from ._________
●saying the dialogues as.________________ as your character does
Practicing
●giving correct facial expressions while saying lines before .______________
●learning the techniques of ____________ your voice
●acting out different expressions
_____________
You can perform well as long as you are confident and sincere and can let go of yourself.

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求)。

If the name Marissa Mayer doesn't sound familiar, Google it-that's probably what she'd want you to do, anyway.
But now Mayer, 37, is trading in (跳槽）her executive title at Google to be the new CEO of Yahoo, it was widely announced on July 16, 2012. Here are four things to know about Yahoo's new leader.
1. She Made History
When she started working for Google in 1999~years before Google became an everyday verb, Mayer was the company's first female engineer. But "Googirl" nickname aside, "I'm not a woman at Google. I'm a geek at Google," Mayer, who was the company's 20^th employee, told CNN in April. "If you can find something that you're really passionate about, whether you're a man or a woman comes a lot less into play.
2.She's Glamorous (富有魅力的）
Add this title to her resume: Woman of the year. In 2009, Mayer was one of the leading ladies highlighted by Glamour magazine in its annual special issue. Photographed in a striking red dress, Mayer said, "When people think about computer science, they imagine people with pocket protectors and thick glasses who code all right. I do code all night!
3.And So Is HerApartment
If Google is your homepage, you're familiar with its clean-cut style and simple color scheme-just like Mayer's home. "People used to come over to my apartment and say, ‘Does your apartment look like Google or does Google look like your apartment?" She told The New York Times. "I can't say it clearly anymore. I really love color. I'm not very cluttery. My place has very clean simple lines. That has always appealed to me.”
4._______________
Ready to take on yet another important role, Mayer, who married financier Zachary Bogue in 2009, tweeted (写博文）out yet another announcement the same day word broke of her moveto Yahoo. "Another piece of good news today-zackbogue and I are expecting a new baby boy in October! I am going to be a mom!"
What does "Google it" in the first paragraph mean？(no more than 6 words)
___________________________________
Which company is Marissa Mayer working for now? (no more than 2 words)
___________________________________
How do you find Marissa Mayer's apartment？(no more than 5 words)
___________________________________
On which day did Mayer announce her another important role?(no more than 4 words)
___________________________________
What is the best title for the last paragraph? (no more than 7 words)
___________________________________

Can you escape from a sinking vehicle? The answer is obviously yes. “But you’ve got to be quick.” said Gordon Greisbeck, a professor from the University of Manitoba’s. Here he gives four rules of survival.
Rule 1.  Don’t call 911 until you are out of the car. You should get out of that vehicle immediately after unbuckling. Think about calling 911 once you’ve made it out alive. ‘Time is very important,” Greisbeck says, “If you touch your cell phone, you’re probably going to die.”
Rule 2.  Don’t open the door. Roll down or break the windows instead. Opening the door is very difficult against the water pressure and it also allows so much water into the vehicle that it will speed up the sinking process. Since most vehicles now have electronically controlled windows, it is probable that the circuits (电路) will short before you have a chance to roll them down. So you’ll need a tool like the Life Hammer to break the windows open. And make sure these tools are within reach at all times.
Rule 3.  Children first. Everybody should get out of their own window if possible, but the kids are going to have a harder time fighting through the rush of water, so push them out if you have to. Greisbeck suggests starting with the oldest kids and taking the youngest out in your arms.
Rule 4.  Get out. Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible. You can’t imagine what will happen in the next second. Any intention to take your belongings can be deadly.
If you’ve failed to get the windows rolled down or broken, you’ll still have the slightest of chances to escape. Once water fills the car, the pressure will be equalized and you will be able to open the door. But to do this, you will also have to be expert at holding your breath in an extremely stressful situation.

How to ___ a Sinking Vehicle
Rules	Details	___
Don’t call Immediately.	Make a phone call once you’ve ___ in escaping.	Time is of great importance.
Don’t Open The door.	Roll down the windows or use a Life Hammer to make the windows __.	◆The water pressure can make opening the door ___. ◆The vehicle will sink ___ if you open the door. ◆Most cars have electronically controlled windows and the circuits will ___ short.
Children first.	Push the oldest kids out first, and then go out with the youngest in your___.	Kids have more difficulty ___ through the rush of water.
Get out.	Swim through the broken windows as fast as possible.	What will happen is___ your imagination.

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1～10的位置上。
Scientists have discovered that ______(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat -------- the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, _______ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results ______ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, _______ (comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that: "Outdoor workers in northern Finland who ______ (expose) to cold temperature have ______ significant amount of brown fat when ______ (compare) to same-aged indoor workers."
The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. ______ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed high-fat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have _______（low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: "This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesity-related diseases." She added: "If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could ______ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food."

Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.
Zheng Xiyu works at   office in Beijing’s Central Business District．Every day,    takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus．But she is thinking of    (switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton,  it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes．She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions     today’s most serious environmental problems.
A recent survey shows   78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed environmentally friendly habits in their daily lives．They are doing things, such as taking reusable shopping bags to the store and setting the air conditioner at a temperature above 26^oC in summer.
On many popular     (society) networking websites, people are advocating a low-carbon lifestyle．Their tips include using the stairs and public transport more frequently   elevators and cars．They hope this lifestyle    (become) more than just a trend within certain groups.
As the most populous nation on the planet with the world’s fastest growing economy, China has become the second biggest emitter(排放者) of greenhouse gases．The recent extreme weather in the southern regions reflects a serious environmental challenge．Experts say there is no time     (delay) with the effort to reduce carbon emissions.

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
A library is a place where a large collection of books are lined. However, quite different from traditional ones, a new library which opened last month in San Antonio, Texas, US is very special in the thing —there is not a single book in it.
In fact, the world’s first “bookless” library, known as BiblioTech, looks more like an Internet café—instead of bookshelves. It has iPads, laptops and desktop computers to use on site and 500 e-readers for members to borrow. Most importantly, there is no printed material, reported Time.
“Our digital library is stored in the cloud, so you don’t have to come in to get a book,” Laura Cole, BiblioTech’s special projects coordinator, told CNN. The library at the moment has a collection of 10,000 e-books and is trying to add more.
The idea of a bookless library no longer seems new since e-books have been around for quite some time. At the end of 2012, 23 percent of Americans aged 16 and older read e-books, up from 16 percent the year before. At the same time, the proportion(比例) of Americans who read a printed book fell from 72 percent to 67 percent.
“Not all libraries are going to be like us,” Nelson Wolff, a local official told CNN. “But we surely do hope it’s going to drive them to do so. The world is changing, and libraries can’t stay the same —if they want to stay connected with the changing world.”
Also, located in a low-income (低收入的) neighborhood where 40 percent of families don’t have a computer and half are not available(可获得的) to broadband Internet service, BiblioTech provides digital convenience to people who lack it.
All in all, the newly-born library, though young, may be promising in the future soon to come.

Title	A__________Library
Introduction	●A new library came into_____ last month. ●It has no book in it at all.
Features of the library	●Computers, iPads and laptops took the_____ of bookshelves. ●______ borrow e-readers to read. ●There is no printed material. ●Books are stored in the ______. ●More e-books will be _______
______ for its bright future	●People are _________ with e-books for long. ●The changing world _______people to do so. ●Such bookless libraries meet low-incomers’ ______
Conclusion	The bookless library may be promising in the future.

Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’ daily life.___ _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ______ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help _____ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _____ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.
One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.
He was very tired ____ doing this for a whole day, ____ he felt very happy since the crop did "grow" ____ (high).
His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.
This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their ____ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ____ (result) in the contrary to our intention.

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
Learning inside the museum
Museums have an important role in providing learning services to users，especially school children．Some learning services will provide a range of formal teaching opportunities in the museum；others will work closely with school teachers so that these teachers can make better use of the learning resources available through displays and exhibitions，databases，handling collections and museum staff.
In an ideal world，every museum would have at least one learning or education specialist．He or she would be a trained teacher who also had a good understanding of museums and museum collections，and a strong feeling to help people especially children use and learn from them.
A museum education specialist is of great value. For most museums the establishment of such a post should be high priority. He or she is the only member of staff with training in the psychology of learning，and has considerable experience of analyzing complex concepts and－presenting them in a simple way to a non-specialist audience. The education specialist is，indeed，the only professional interpreter in the museum.
It is clearly reasonable，therefore，for the museum to make full use of the education specialist's skills，and to involve him or her in all aspects of interpretation and the planning of new displays and exhibitions．Museum learning is not just about teaching children，though children may be its principal audience.
Many small museums may not be able to employ an education specialist of their own．For them，there are other possibilities. One is that the local Schools Service may be able to lend a teacher to the museum，perhaps for two or three years，who could be trained to apply teaching skills to the museum context: another is that suitable volunteers may be available in the community-perhaps retired teacher，or teachers not presently working who may be willing to give some of their time to the museum. Another possibility is sponsorship：a large company might be willing to finance the appointment an education specialist for a few years．
An important part of the work for the education specialist in a museum is to establish strong links with its local schools．He or she is a communicator who has responsibility for keeping contact with the teachers at local schools. He or she should make sure that the schools know what is going on at the museum and how they can make use of it，and that the museum staff know about development in the school.Above all,it is their responsibility to find out what schools want and to ensure that the museum does its best to meet those requirements．There needs to be a continuing dialogue between teachers and museum：the museum needs to know what the teachers are teaching；teachers need to learn how the museum could help，and what resources they could use．
The look of wonder on a child's face can be the reward for a lifetime's work in museums．The aims of museum learning are to establish contact between people ----whether children or adults---and objects；and not to teach facts，but to sow（播）a seed of interest，a spark（火花）of inspiration.