The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot.This is because the culture systems are two separate systems ____.
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries：China and India.Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by ___.In China，the mother river is the Yellow River ___ the Indian one is the Hindu River.These two cultures were ____ for several thousand years and formed their own styles.Then in the Tang Dynasty of China，the Chinese culture ____ went overseas to Japan，____ into the Japanese society and ___ the Japanese culture nowadays.Though a bit different from the Chinese one，it ____ to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture，another famous culture was ____ on the Mesopotamian Plain(美索不达米亚平原)—the Mesopotamian Civilization.This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.And these two are wellknown as the ____ of the European culture.____ the Chinese culture，the European one also ____ waters.When the colonists of England ____ in America，their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean.So the American culture doesn’t ___ from the European one a lot.
At the same time，the ____ of the language systems adds to the cultural differences.In the East，most languages belong to the pictographic(象形文字的) languages while the Western languages are ____ based on the Latin system，for example，the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference ____ as well.However，___ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West，the two cultures seldom ___ until recent centuries.____ they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference(干扰) from the other.
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B
The eyes are one of the most expressive of body language．Keith，seventeen，from Montclair， New Jersey，learned the hard way about one the eyes can make．“I had a teacher who heavily on classroom discussion，”Keith says．“He seemed to have a strong to know just when I didn’t have the answer．I couldn’t how he could be so .Then it dawned on(逐渐被人明白)me． I didn’t know the answer，I would looking at him．When I did know what to say，I always stared straight back him. From that moment on，I myself to look him in the eye， I knew the aniswe or not．That trick has me a lot of trouble．”
Many people， some policemen，believe eye contact is a good of testing honesty．If someone can’t look at you directly in the eye，then he or she is not playing ，they insist. After many experiments， ，a number of exports have found out that good liars can make false eye contact．
Eye contact，though not a sure of dishonesty, is a clear way to show interest in another person. When a person looks at you and continues to do so，you know his attention is on you．When he turns his head away， his mind is probably ．But there is ．A shy person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact， no matter how interested he is in the other person．And certain nationalities，such as the British and Germans，are much oriented(适应)to eyeball-to-eyeball contact than，say，the French and the Arabs．
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阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The eyes are one of the most expressive instruments of body language. Keith, seventeen, from Montclair New Jersey, learned the hard way about one____the eyes can make. “I had a____who graded（打分）heavily on classroom discussion，”Keith says. “He seemed to have a strong ability to know just when I didn't have the____. I couldn't figure out how he could be so____. Then it dawned on(明白过来)me. ____I didn't know the answer, I would avoid looking at him. When I__46__know what to say, I always____straight back at him. From that moment on, I____myself to look at him in the eye，____I knew the work or not. That trick has saved me a lot of trouble.”
Many people including some policemen, believe eye contact(接触)is a good____of honesty. If someone can't look at you directly in the eye, then he or she is not playing____， they insist. After many experiments，____， a number of experts have found out that good liars(骗子)can make false eye contact.
Eye contact, though not a____sign of honesty, is a clear way to show interest in another person. When a person looks at you and____to do so, you know his____is placed on you. When he turns his head away, his mind is probably____. ____there are exceptions. A____person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact, no matter how interested he is in the other person. And certain____, such as the British and Germans, are much____oriented(适应)to eyeballtoeyeball contact than the French and Arabs.
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I arrived in the classroom, ready to share my knowledge and experience with 75 students who would be my English Literature class. Having taught in for 17 years, I had no about my ability to hold their attention and to on them my admiration for the literature of my mother tongue.
I was shocked when the monitor shouted, “ !” and the entire class rose as I entered the room, and I was somewhat about how to get them to sit down again, but once that awkwardness (尴尬) was over, I quickly my calmness and began what I thought was a fact-packed lecture, sure to gain their respect --- perhaps their admiration. I went back to my office with the rosy glow which comes from a sense of achievements.
My students diaries. However, as I read them, the rosy glow was gradually by a strong sense of sadness. The first diary said, “Our literature teacher didn’t teach us anything today. her next lecture will be better.” Greatly surprised , I read diary after diary , each expressing a theme (主题). “Didn’t I teach them anything? I described the entire philosophical (哲学的) framework of Western thought and laid the historical for all the works we’ll study in class,” I complained. “How they say I didn’t teach them anything?”
It was a long term, and it became clear that my ideas about education were not the same as of my students. I thought a teacher’s job was to raise questions and provide enough background so that students could their own conclusions. My students thought a teacher’s job was to provide information as directly and clearly as possible. What a difference!
, I also learned a lot, and my experience with my Chinese students has made me a American teacher, knowing how to teach in a different culture.
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I was born and raised in Minnesota, the USA, but as an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa. I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris. For the last 15 years, I’ve studied people in different parts of the world build trust, communicate and make decisions in the workplace.
While travelling in Tokyo recently with a Japanese , I gave a shorttalk to a group of 20 managers. , I asked whether there were any questions or comments. No went up, so I went to sit down. Mycolleague whispered to me, “I think there were some comments, Erin.Do you mind if I try?” I agreed, but I guessed it a waste of . He askedthe group again, “ Any comments or questions”.
Still, no one raised a hand, this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience. Gesturing to one of them, he said, “ Do you have to add?” To my amazement, she “ Yes, thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question. My colleague repeated this several times the audience and asking for more questions or comments.
After the session, I asked my colleague, “ How did you that those people had questions?” He , not sure how to explain it, and then said, “ It has to do with how their eyes are.”
He continued, “In Japan, we don’t as much direct eye contact as you do in the west. So when you asked if there are any , most people were not looking directly at you. But a few people in the were looking right at you and their eyes were bright. That that they would be to have you call on them.
I thought to myself I would ever have learned from upbringing in Minnesota. Since then, I try to understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter, and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.
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A. let B. make C. take D get
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William Wordsworth wrote that “the human mind is capable of excitement without the application of violent stimulants(刺激)”. And it appears that simply reading those words proves his .
Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth and had a beneficial effect on the mind. It can the reader’s attention and trigger moments of self-reflection.
Using scanners, they the brain activity of volunteers as they read pieces of classical English literature both in their form and in a modern translation.
And, according to the Sunday Telegraph, the experiment showed the more prose and poetry far more electrical activity in the brain than the easier versions.
The research also found poetry, , increased activity in the right part of the brain, an area with “autobiographical(自传式的) memory”, which helped the reader to 45 on their own experiences. The academics said this meant the were more useful than self-help books.
The brain of 30 volunteers were watched in the first part of the research as they read Shakespeare in different .
In one example, volunteers read a line from King Lear, “A father and a gracious aged man: him have you madded”, before reading the : “A father and a gracious aged man: him you have enraged”. Shakespeare’s use of “mad” as a(n) caused a higher level of brain activity than the straightforward prose.
The next stage of the research was looking at the to which poetry could affect and provide therapeutic(治疗的) benefit. Volunteers’ brains were scanned while reading four lines by Wordsworth, and four “translated” lines were also provided.
The first version caused more brain activity, not only the left part of the brain connected with language, but also the right part that relates to autobiographical memory and emotion.
“Poetry is not just a of style. It is also about deep versions of experience that the emotional to the cognitive(认知的),” said Prof Davis, who will present the findings at the North of England education conference in Sheffield this week.
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There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world.
But ______ a few of them are very ______. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the U. S. A, but in other parts of the world. About 200, 000, 000 speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a ______ language. Many millions are _____ to do so.
Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different ______. Have you ever _____ the ads of this kind in the newspapers or magazines?
“Learn English in six month, or your _____ back ...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes _____ you master your English in a month. _____ the first day your _____ will be excellent. Just send ...” Of course, it never ______ quite like this.
The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should ______ that we all learned our own language well when we were ______. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. ______ what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and ______ in it all the time, just imagine how much ______ that gets!
So it is ______ to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English ______upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and ______ much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will ______. But they cannot do the student’s work for him.
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It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.
The business is . And it’s booming.
The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a spot in the jobs outlook.
Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. “The risks can be huge,” said Clementi, “There’s tons of pressure.”
In some cases, a(n) translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives .
Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity (免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.
“Good translators who a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,” said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.
Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.
“As more people the worldwide economy, that’s going to drive more commerce, and that’s going to drive more language services,” said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.
, qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a skill beyond knowing the language.
Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a , such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry.
Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.
A．tourism B．language C．technology D．economy
A．shrank B．changed C．grew D．remained
A．bright B．scenic C．historic D．tough
A．money B．peer C．blood D．time
A．proper B．quick C．direct D．innovative
A．disease B．depression C．violence D．confusion
A．in order B．at risk C．under control D．out of state
A．highlights B．understands C．increases D．resists
A．set up B．depend on C．specialize in D．object to
A．limited B．accustomed C．related D．tailored
A．agree with B．have access to C．are confident of D．insist on
A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise
A．separate B．genetic C．learnable D．worthwhile
A．certificate B．diploma C．strategy D．specialty
A．automatically B．respectively C．actually D．immediately
完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Last year I went to America and stayed there with an American family for two months.
As is said, “The best house is in America, the best wife is in Japan, and the best food is in China.” So I pride and pleasure in “the best food” I for my American family. Each day, regardless of my poor skill of cooking, I would do something in a way: changing the dishes color, the meat’s type or the soup’s style. Thus, my American friends could discover the of eating Chinese food. Because of my “ ” job, I was often rewarded by their of thanks such as “very delicious”, “excellent”, etc.
something funny happened yesterday when I cooked Sichuan style fish for dinner. I was with my work.
When the whole family sat round the table, they first looked at the fish, then looked at me. “Why do all the fish only have their ?” they asked, “It’s terrible!”
or terrible? I can’t understand. But I do know that fish heads are delicious. The head is the part of fish; in only the important guest can have the of enjoying it.
Another thing is :the American friends often said to me “ ” as they home fruits or other things. According to Chinese tradition I would simply smile in answer to their kindness actually helping myself to any of the food. , I said “helping yourself” to them whenever I brought home fruits. Dear me! No matter how much or how often I brought home food, as long as it was nice to their taste, they hesitated to use their hands to “help themselves” until all was finished.
A．took B．shared C．held D．had
A．left B．fetched C．cooked D．bought
A．new B．simple C．same D．magic
A．importance B．joy C．trouble D．way
A．new B．daily C．hard D．good
A．smile B．flowers C．talk D．expressions
A．However B．But C．So D．And
A．surprised B．pleased C．strict D．proud
A．worriedly B．excitedly C．surprisedly D．happily
A．heads B．skins C．tails D．bones
A．Particular B．Bad C．Comfortable D．Beautiful
A．biggest B．best C．dearest D．lightest
A．the West B．China C．USA D．the East
A．ability B．safety C．chance D．honor
A．enjoyable B．exciting C．interesting D．common
A．dear me B．excuse me C．help yourself D．enjoy yourself
A．collected B．wanted C．bought D．brought
A．and B．but C．without D．not
A．In return B．Above all C．After all D．At last
A．never B．often C．always D．Usually
Anyone who has been a parent knows that raising children is a tough job. It is filled with as many difficult and moments as with moments of joy. Children don’t come with an instruction manual(说明书). And each child is . So parents sometimes feel , not knowing what to do.
But in raising children—as in all of life—what we do is by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American . To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children become . From childhood, each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more to make their own choices. Teenagers choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to share them with. When they reach young adulthood, they their own jobs and marriage partners. Of course, many young adults seek their parents’ advice and approval for the choice they make. But once they “ the nest ” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own, not tied to their mother’s apron strings (围裙带).
The between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents try to treat their children as individuals—not as of themselves. They them to achieve their own dreams . Americans praise and encourage their children to give them the to succeed. When children become adults, their relationship with their parents becomes more like a among equals. But contrary to popular belief, most adult Americans don’t make their parents pay for room and board when they come to visit. Even as adults, they respect and honor their parents.
A．delightful B．meaningful C．hopeful D．painful
A．strange B．different C．new D．similar
A．excited B．frightened C．puzzled D．surprised
A．influenced B．made C．controlled D．changed
A．services B．standards C．languages D．values
A．brave B．active C．independent D．optimistic
A．freedom B．space C．time D．money
A．love B．change C．design D．choose
A．still B．then C．thus D．therefore
A．build B．get C．enter D．leave
A．conversation B．relationship C．competition D．gap
A．friends B．children C．teenagers D．extensions
A．allow B．force C．forbid D．persuade
A．dependence B．trust C．belief D．confidence
A．friendship B．citizenship C．membership D．leadership
The first Christmas I spent away from home happened to be in England. At that time, shops in Poland were still ______ bare and decorations didn’t appear in the shop windows until about a week before the actual celebration of Christmas. Therefore, I was _______ to see so many English shops _______ decorated from top to bottom as early as November. I was enchanted(喜悦) and I loved it. By the middle of December, however, it had started to _______ me and when I could hear Christmas carols in every ______ I went to, I started to feel sad and ______. Never mind, I thought, as I was really looking forward to ________ Christmas the English way.
I spent Christmas Eve with an English family. The house was tastefully ______, there was a Christmas tree and roaring fire in the fireplace. My first ________ on that day came when instead of going to church, everybody went to the local pub. Surely, I thought, there can’t be anything ______ about it as they go there every Friday, Saturday and ______ in the middle of the week. So I missed our Polish special moments that happen on Christmas Eve, our traditional supper, breaking the bread and ________ each other only good things.
At first I thought that I ______ spending Christmas the way we do it in Poland but looking back, I know that it was a(n) _______ experience. Now, whenever I happen to spend Christmas in England, the thing I ______ most is the way it differs from the Polish way of celebrating Christmas.
A．pretty B．hardly C．somehow D．unexpectedly
A．excited B．surprised C．pleased D．worried
A．actively B．surprisingly C．strangely D．beautifully
A．displease B．puzzle C．interest D．frighten
A．school B．church C．restaurant D．shop
A．angry B．homesick C．heartbroken D．astonished
A．experiencing B．accepting C．touching D．making
A．built B．celebrated C．decorated D．arranged
A．shock B．story C．sadness D．happiness
A．interesting B．ordinary C．special D．important
A．even B．often C．never D．seldom
A．explaining B．introducing C．wishing D．congratulating
A．regretted B．forgot C．complained D．missed
A．useful B．unforgettable C．unpleasant D．unfortunate
A．experienced B．enjoyed C．hated D．Disagreed
What will city life be like in the future? Some people think that life in the cities is going to be . They that cities will become more and more crowded. the number of people increases, there will be less space for each person. This will cause other problems—more crime, dirtier streets, and wor
se problems with traffic we have now. How will people find enough drinking water, energy (such as gas and electricity) and housing? life w
ill be hard, people who live in cities will worry more, and they may become sick. these reasons, some say that nobody will want to live in urban areas.
How can we such problems as overcrowding, crime, and traffic? In some cities, thousands of people are already in the streets because there is so little suitable housing—and because are so high. The crime rate isn't going down. , it is so fast that many people are afraid to go out at night. Traffic is also getting worse. More and more often, traffic jams are so bad that cars don't move at all for several blocks. These problems have been getting worse, not better, so many people see no for the future of the city.
However, not all people believe in the horrible for cities of the future. Instead, they feel that they can solve present urban problems and future ones.
The 
of any modern city are not unique(独特的) to that city, that is to say, all the cities in the world have to solve the problems of traffic jams, crime, housing, energy, drinking water, and overcrowding. Yet many cities have found answers to one or more of these difficulties. Some European cities, such as Stockholm, Sweden, or London, England, have planned communities that people with apartments, jobs, shopping centers, green space, entertainment, and transportation. Many U.S. cities are building their downtown areas. Urban 
can learn from one another. They can solutions that have been successful in other parts of the world.
A．fantastic B．horrible C．regular D．significant
A．ensure B．require C．indicate D．predict
A．As B．Though C．With D．Unless
A．room B．number C．future D．overcrowding
A．as B．which C．what D．than
A．While B．Because C．Therefore D．Once
A．For B．In C．Because D．Thanks to
A．deal B．keep C．solve D．cause
A．calling B．sleeping C．robbing D．starving
A．flats B．cars C．rents D．crimes
A．And B．Thus C．Instead D．Therefore
A．increasing B．changing C．dropping D．exchanging
A．urban B．rural C．crime D．traffic
A．reality B．trend C．prediction D．hope
A．definitions B．predictions C．identification D．indication
A．reform B．remain C．cure D．prevent
A．disadvantages B．advantages C．properties D．substitutes
A．offer B．satisfy C．require D．provide
A．consumers B．planners C．systems D．physicians
A．try B．identify C．cure D．forecast
America’s Beauty Is in Its Diversity
America is built on the idea of freedom, and there is no exception for Muslim women．I the freedom of religion and speech．But mostly, I believe it’s OK to be , and to stand up for who and what you are．So I believe in wearing the hijab．
The hijab is a religious head covering, like a scarf．I am Muslim, and keeping my head covered is a of maturity（成熟）and respect toward my and to Allah’s will． , I also like to wear it to be different．I don’t usually like to do what everyone else is doing．I want to be a（n） , not just part of the crowd．But when I first wore it, I was also afraid of the that I’d get at school．
I on my own that sixth grade was the I should start wearing the hijab．I was about what the kids would say or even do to me．I thought they might make fun of me, or be scared of me and my headscarf．Kids at that age usually like to be all the same, and there’s little or no of differences．
On the first day of school, I put all those thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high．I was holding my breath a little, but I was also proud to be a Muslim, proud to be wearing the hijab, proud to be different．
I was about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me．I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering．Most of the kids would come and ask me questions — — about the hijab and why I wore it．
I did hear some kid was making fun of me, there was one girl—she wasn’t even in my class, and we never really talked much–and she spoke me, and I wasn’t even there! I made a lot of new friends that year, friends that I still have until this very day, five years later．
Yes, I’m different, but everyone is different here, in one way or another．This is the of America．
A．believe in B．stick to C．carry out D．push for
A．independent B．free C．sensitive D．different
A．signal B．sign C．reminder D．cause
A．religion B．country C．parents D．status
A．In a word B．In general C．To be exact D．To be honest
A．princess B．heroine C．individual D．adult
A．praise B．punishment C．reaction D．reflection
A．hoped B．expected C．realized D．decided
A．time B．chance C．case D．occasion
A．disappointed B．scared C．enthusiastic D．angry
A．still B．already C．even D．ever
A．show off B．pull off C．pick up D．put up
A．rejection B．ignorance C．awareness D．acceptance
A．negative B．optimistic C．serious D．strange
A．often B．inside C．only D．outside
A．concerned B．particular C．wrong D．convinced
A．respectfully B．cautiously C．suspiciously D．critically
A．and B．so C．but D．or
A．in terms of B．in front of C．in charge of D．in favor of
A．significance B．beauty C．value D．power
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one is that in most people’s eyes they look more professional than civilian clothes. A television repairman who appears in a uniform inspires more trust than one who doesn’t. Faith in the skill of a mechanic is by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, or a barber to lose professional than stepping out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical . They save on other clothes and laundry bills. They are often more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments uniforms is their lack of individuality. While there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act , on the job at least.
Uniforms also practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial cost is greater. Some uniforms are also to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
A．special B．fashionable C．popular D．common
A．increased B．created C．reduced D．presented
A．popularity B．ability C．stability D．identity
A．benefits B．characters C．functions D．purposes
A．about B．with C．against D．over
A．honestly B．similarly C．confidently D．differently
A．bring up B．come up with C．result from D．give rise to
A．expensive B．easy C．complex D．cheap
The Spring Festival marks the first day of a new year, so the first meal is rather important. People from the North and the South have different about the foods they eat on this day. In Northern China, people eat Jiaozi. The word Jiaozi in Chinese means the and the beginning of time. According to historical , in the past people from the North and the South both ate Jiaozi on Chinese New Year’s Day. Perhaps the areas in Southern China more rice than those in Northern China, southern people slowly to eat many other kinds of food on New Year’s Day. , the most common foods for the first are noodles, New Year Cake and Tangyuan. The noodle long life. The New Year Cake is called Niangao in Chinese, which the hope of improvement in year after year. Tangyuan is a symbol of according to the Chinese.
To a New Year visit to relatives and friends is an important activity during the Spring Festival. People also send cards to a New Year’s greeting. What children love most is to set off firecrackers. , as the pace of life is becoming faster and faster, people have new ways to celebrate the Chinese traditional New Year. For example, many people no longer send out greeting cards. , they use short messages or emails. Also to travel during the New Year holidays has come into .
A．words B．habits C．meanings D．stories
A．usual B．unforgettable C．common D．special
A．seldom B．usually C．always D．hardly
A．end B．future C．result D．effect
A．reasons B．records C．notes D．stories
A．as long as B．though C．when D．because
A．caused B．took C．produced D．brought
A．understood B．knew C．made D．began
A．Besides B．Therefore C．Consequently D．Usually
A．subject B．title C．program D．meal
A．symbolizes B．reveals C．shows D．indicates
A．transports B．represents C．fetches D．takes
A．health B．family C．life D．work
A．reunion B．luck C．happiness D．harmony
A．do B．pay C．get D．carry
A．expres B．describe C．establish D．define
A．Luckily B．Unfortunately C．However D．Besides
A．given away B．made out C．got into D．taken up
A．Instead B．Fortunately C．Moreover D．Furthermore
A．fashion B．effect C．sight D．Power
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