初中英语阅读理解

阅读理解

Hi，I’m Tina．I’m an office worker and work in a downtown office．I live on a small island，so I take a boat from the island to the city every day．The boat leaves every 20 minutes and it takes about 35 minutes to get to the city．Then I have a short walk to my office．Sometimes when the weather is bad，I can’t get to work on time by boat．

My name is Sarah and I’m a teacher．I take the train to work every day．The train is quick and cheap，and there are hardly any delays(延迟)．The trains run every half an hour and run until 00:30．The train station is near my home．It only takes 20 minutes from my home to school．

Hello，I’m Maria and I’m a college student(大学生)．I live in the college．The college is very big，so usually walk a lot．Sometimes it takes 15 minutes to get from one building(楼房) to the next．When I want to shop with my friends outside the college，we take a bus．The buses stop running after 10:00 p．m．So if we come back after that time，we have to take a taxi．

根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)、误(F)。
Tina goes to work first by boat，and then on foot．
Sarah likes taking the train to work，though there are often delays．
There are only two trains from Sarah’s home to her school every day．
Because the college is very big，Maria goes from one building to the next by bus．
Maria and her friends can’t take a bus back to her college after 10:00 p．m．

阅读理解
There are trains to carry people，trains to carry animals or carry things．There are fast trains and slow ones．Some trains go through hills．In big cities，the streets are usually very busy．So you can find trains under the ground．they carry people quickly in and out of the big cities．Can a train run over the water？Yes，it can．There are many bridges over the rivers．The trains can easily run over the water．But it is not easy to build the bridges．Today’s trains have dining rooms for people．You may eat something in them on the way if you are hungry．Trains are useful to men，women and children．Many children have model trains．With the model trains they can build their own rails(铁轨) and enjoy the wonderful world of trains．
There are all kinds of trains．Here " all kinds of trains" means ________．

A．fast trains and slow trains

B．many different kinds of trains

C．trains to go through hills

D．trains to carry people

The trains carry people in and out of the big cities under the ground because ________．

A．the streets are very busy

B．the cities are big

C．the trains have dining rooms

D．the cities are too small

If you are hungry，you may go to ________ of the train to have something to eat when you are traveling by train．

A．some rooms

B．some shops

C．the dining room

D．the station

It’s ________ for trains to run over the water but ________to build bridges．

A．easy；easy

B．easily；not easy

C．difficult；easily

D．easy；difficult

Which of the following is WRONG？

A．There are dining rooms in trains．

B．There are fast trains and slow trains．

C．The trains can only carry people．

D．We can see trains under the ground．

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
What should you do when someone is in trouble if you are a person with good manners？
______________________________________________________________________________
How do you like Li Ming if he always interrupts other people when they are talking？
______________________________________________________________________________
Are good manners the same in different countries？
______________________________________________________________________________
What do people usually do in Western countries to show their greetings？
______________________________________________________________________________
Why is it important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite before you go to a region？
______________________________________________________________________________

阅读理解(2014杭州)
　　How quickly can you count from one to ten？Do you use ten different words to do it？Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first language？Do you count on your fingers？Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world．But scientists have discovered that it is not true．
　　People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers．In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out．They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five．Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten．In China，people count by using different finger positions．In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand．
　　Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers．Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers．A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia．There people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers．They don’t even have words for numbers．However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers．
　　In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as“one”or“three”．They are not able to say“five trees”or“ten trees”but can say“some trees”．“more trees”．or“many trees”．Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“but here is a group that does not count．They could learn，but it’s not useful in their culture，so they’ve never picked it up．”
　　Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting．Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives．Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too．
The writer begins with the four questions in order to________．

A．make a survey

B．interest readers

C．tell a story

D．solve math problems

What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the US and China？

A．People from China count much faster than people from the US．

B．People from China need two hands to count from one to ten．

C．People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting．

D．People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting．

Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australians？

A．They have only a few words for numbers．

B．They have hand movements to stand for numbers．

C．They can only count to five on their fingers．

D．They can understand different ideas about numbers．

The study of the Piraha tribe shows that________．

A．people all over the world know how to count

B．people of the tribe have words for numbers

C．some groups of people are not smart enough to count

D．counting is not useful in the culture of the tribe

What is the main idea of the passage？

A．People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math．

B．Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans．

C．In some aboriginal cultures，people don’t even know how to count．

D．Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers．

阅读理解(2014山西)
　　Are you bored with your daily routine？Here are some things you should try before you are 18，because after that it’s too late！

Learn to swim 　　Actually．this is so important it could save your life．If you can’t swim well，you won’t be able to do water sports like waterskiing，surfing and diving．Even taking a boat trio will not be safe for you．Make sure you do it．

 

Collect something 　　Be of the best hobbies for under－18s is collecting things．You could collect Chinese stamps．or youcould collect things that make　you．remember what you’ve done，like cinema tickets for films．The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you．That way you won’t forget．

 

Try at least one kind of team sport 　　Being a good team player is an important　skillin life．You can’t just think of yourself，but have to work well with other people．Other advantages of team sports like asketball，football and baseball ale that’they keep you fit and healthy，and they ale also great fun．Teams usually have a good social life too—you’ll go to lots of parties and make many friends．

 

Write your family tree 　　When you are young，get to know．all the older people in our family an lln out as much as you can about when they were young．Draw a family tree and make noies abofit each person so that you won’not forget．

According to the passage，we should learn to swim because it could________．
A．save our lives
B．keep us fit and healthy
C．make us work well with others
The best way to collect things is________．
A．to have a special album
B．to buy more stamps and tickets
C．to exchange them with your friends
Being a good team player can help you________．
A．think of yourself
B．have a good social skill
C．become a ball game star
In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should________．
A．go to lots of family parties
B．find something that they used
C．draw a family tree and make notes
The passage mainly tells us that________．
A．hobbies play an important role in everyone’s growth
B．you are supposed to try some things before you’re 18
C．everyone should get into good habits when they are young

任务型阅读
Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of each paragraph．
Maybe you are moving on to a high school，and maybe there will be plenty of new faces．Or perhaps，you’re starting at a totally new school system，where you don’t know anybody at all．
Whatever your situation is，you’re going from being one of the oldest kids at school to one of the youngest．You might be taking classes or doing activities with persons who seem a million times bigger！Remember，these“big kids”were once new ones just like you，and most of them will be friendly and willing to help．If you find yourself in a situation where older students are using their size to beat you，tell a teacher in the school．
Because of the variety(变化)of courses and activities in high school，people are different from each other．Sometimes，people form groups according to what they have in common．
Although it’s natural to spend time with people who share your interests，try to keep yourself open to everyone．You might discover new people who love the same music you do，or have similar taste in movies．
A new school and new student body is a good way to learn about people，places，and cultures from all over the world．

A．Don’t be afraid of the students who are big in size． B．Try to get along with other people widely． C．Big kids are all friendly．

D．People who have the same interest like to get together． E．A high school is strange to you． F．A good chance to learn the world．

 

阅读理解
　　A recent research shows that physical activity(体育活动)may help students do better in their classes．The research comes because educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like P．E．class．
　　Researchers go over the results of fourteen studies．Twelve were from the United States，one from Canada and one from South Africa．The studies appeared between 2009 and 2013．They included more than 55，000 children，aged six to eighteen．
　　Thomas Singh，one of the researchers，says the studies showed a relationship between physical activity and scores on subjects such as math，English and reading．Mr．Singh offers some possible explanations(解释)：
　　There are，first，physiological(生理的)explanations，like more blood flow，and so more oxygen(氧气)to the brain．Being physically active means there are more hormones(荷尔蒙)produced，like endorphins(脑内啡)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved，which means you will perform better in class．Also，students who take part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them．This could improve their classroom behavior and help them know what they should do．
　　All in all，the finding tells us that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school．Mr．Singh says schools should consider the finding before they cut physical education programs．
What led the researchers to do the studies？

A．Schools’cutting physical activity．

B．Their interest in physical activity．

C．The tests including about 55，000 children．

D．Kids’unsatisfying schooling performance．

How many countries took part in the studies？

A．14．

B．12．

C．2．

D．3．

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of physical activity according to the passage？

A．Getting more blood flow．

B．Better classroom behavior．

C．Feeling relaxed and refreshed．

D．Greater ability to organize activities．

任务型阅读
阅读短文，填写表格．每空一词。
In common with many countries，Britain has serious environmental problems．In 1952，more than 4，000 people died in London because of the smog．The government introduced new laws to stop smog from coal fires and factories and the situation improved a lot．
Today，London is much cleaner but there is a new problem：the smog from cars．In December 199（1）there was very little wind in London and pollution increased a lot．As a result，about 160 people died from pollution in just four days．
Part of the problem is the new“out of town”shopping centers．In the past，people often walked to shops near their home or went by bus．Now，many people drive to the new shopping centers．As a result，the small shops have disappeared and more people have to travel to do their shopping．
Critics(评论员)say that Britain needs better and cheaper public transport．Transport in Britain is very expensive．An early morning train trip from Glasgow to London(about 600 km)can cost about 100 pounds，for example．A short 15－minute bus trip can cost over 1.00 pound．
Many people are trying to reduce the use of cars in Britain．Some cities now have special bicycle paths and many people cycle to work．Some people also travel to work together in one car to reduce the pollution and the cost．

Environmental problems in________
Time	Causes	Results	Solutions
In the past	Smog from coal ________ and factories．	________4，000 people died in 195（2）	New laws were introduced．
Today	Smog caused by ____4___．	About 160 people died in a few days in 1991	●Provide________and cheaper public transport． ●Build special paths for bicycles． ●Travel to work together in one car．

（1）________ （2）________ （3）________
（4）________ （5）________

阅读理解(2013温州)
It is widely agreed that the overuse of fossil fuels，such as coal and oil has caused serious environmental problems．Scientists are trying to find new clean energies that do not pollute the air，the water or the ground．Solar power is one of them．

Solar power is a kind of electricity which is produced by taking energy from the sun，using solar panels．The solar panels are usually fixed on the roofs of houses and buildings．It is the family solar power system．Some countries are even beginning to build solar power plants by setting thousands of solar panels in the places where there is enough sunshine．Solar power has many advantages．The power is easy to get and will never be used up．Whenever it is sunny，there is the power．The power is clean and renewable．It helps to reduce waste and pollution，which is great for the environment．In the areas that are too far away to send electricity to or not easy to build electric power plants，solar power is especially necessary．It enables the people there to use lights，TVs，computers，washing machines，fridges and many other things．
Therefore，more and more countries，such as China，the USA，Japan and India，encourage scientists to develop practical technology to put solar power to use．However，the power is not as widely used as expected．
One of the challenges is that a solar power system needs sunshine．Countries or areas with a lot of rain，like the UK，are not suitable to develop such power systems．Secondly，a solar power plant requires a very large site to fix enough solar panels to collect sunlight and change it into electricity．Maybe an area in the desert would be one of the perfect places for such a plant to build．What’s more，solar panels are expensive at present though the energy itself doesn’t cost anything．
Today scientists are working hard to develop more practical and cheaper solar power systems．Maybe one day solar power will be one of the most important clean energies in our life．
Solar power is a kind of energy taken from________．

A．the air

B．the sun

C．the water

D．the ground

The underlined word“reduce”probably means________．

A．to make something less

B．to make something better

C．to make something more

D．to make something cleaner

What is the fourth paragraph of the passage mainly about？

A．The ways to use solar power．

B．The advantages of solar power．

C．The places to build the solar power plants．

D．The difficulties of putting solar power to use widely．

What can we learn from the passage？

A．Solar energy itself is expensive．

B．Solar power will be used up very soon．

C．Solar power is a kind of clean and useful energy．

D．Solar power is much better than the other energies．

阅读理解(2014山西)
What does it mean to be green？“Green”is more than just a color．It also means taking special steps to protect the environment—the water，the land，and the air we breathe．Why green？Plants are green，and without them the earth wouldn’t be such a lovely home for us human beings．
Sometimes people call ours a“throw—away society”．That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones．Many times，if you no longer need something，someone else just might need it．For example，if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike，why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they don’t need to buy one？And one less large plastic toy doesn’t need to be produced．
Recycling(回收利用)has never been easier．Many organizations will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require(要求)it．Tell your mom or dad you want to become“Chief of Recycling”for your family．Now that you know what things you can recycle，find a place to keep them．Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before they’re thrown away．
Almost everyone likes traveling．But next time before you travel around the world，take a look at your own backyard．Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden？If so，get there and get your hands dirty．Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root，and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe，red tomatoes or tiny，juicy blueberries．Who knew being green would taste so good？

In the first paragraph，the writer introduces the topic of the passage by________．
A．telling an interesting story
B．explaining the word“green”
C．giving some special examples
In a“throw－away”society，________．
A．people shouldn’t produce any plastic things
B．people can get anything they want from others
C．people always throw away the used things and buy new ones
To be“Chief of Recycling”．you should________．
A．recycle things all by yourself
B．ask your family to use the old things all the time
C．find a place to keep the things that can be recycled
You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to________．
A．creat a green environment
B．make a lot of money
C．get your hands dirty
The purpose of the passage is to tell us that________．
A．we must enjoy nature
B．we had better eat more green food
C．we should protect our environment

阅读理解
Rachel Carson was born in the USA on May 27，1907．Her mother，Maria Carson，had been a schoolteacher．She loved books．She also loved nature．She showed Rachel the beauty of nature．
She also taught Rachel a deep love for books．As a quiet child，Rachel liked to read and write stories．At a very early age，she decided she wanted to be a writer some day．Her story first appeared in a children’s magazine when she was ten years old．
Her first book，Under the Sea Wind came out in 194（1）In 1948．Miss Carson began working on another book，The Sea Around Us．She always researched carefully when she wrote．She collected information from more than one thousand places to write The Sea Around Us．When the book came out in 1951。it won the National Book Award．It was No.1 on the best－seller list for more than a year．The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson famous．
Rachel Carson’s most famous book，Silent Spring came out in 196（2）In this book，she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides(杀虫剂)like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well．Finally，in November 1969，the United States government，decided that the use of DDT must stop in two years．
Rachel Carson has been regarded as a great environmentalist(环保主义者)and writer．She will be remembered by the world．
Rachel Carson had a deep love for nature and books because of________．

A．her father

B．her mother

C．her schoolteacher

D．her brother

Rachel decided that she wanted to be a writer when________．

A．she was very young

B．she was in college

C．she became a teacher

D．she became famous

The Chinese meaning of the word“decline”in this passage is probably“________”．

A．增加

B．减少

C．维持

D．翻番

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？

A．Rachel Carson was a careful and serious writer．

B．The Sea Around Us won the National Book Award．

C．In Silent Spring Rachel said some pesticides were bad for the environment．

D．The use of DDT was stopped as soon as the book Silent Spring came out．

任务型阅读(2014内江)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成问题(请注意各问题后的词数要求)。
Car－Free Day encourages drivers to give up their cars for a day to protect the environment．People from around the world get together in the streets to remind the world that we don’t have to accept the society full of cars．It was first started by some cities in France and September 22 is Car－Free Day．The first Car－Free Day in China was in Chengdu in 200（1）The slogan for the day is“If we drive for one less day，we can have one more nice day．”
Organized activities are held in many cities on Car－Free Day．In Brussels，Car－Free Day shall be valid(有效的)for everybody except persons with a special permit(许可证)，but they have to slow down to the speed of 30 kilometers per hour．The public transportation is free on that day．In London，they have special“green areas”．Walking，biking and public transportation are encouraged．The streets are open only to walkers，bicycles and buses from 7:00 a.m．to 7:00 p.m．In Beijing，it asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work．More and more people are joining in the activity．In the first quarter of this year，Beijing only had 52 blue sky days，and you may see haze(雾霾)almost every day！ We must do more for Car－Free Day as a Beijing driver said，“We may not change the weather，but we can choose not to drive．”
But we do not want just one day and then a return to“normal”life．We should go on with Car－Free Day．
（1）Where was Car－Free Day started first？[within(不超过)two words]
_______________________________________________________________________________
（2）How long should the car drivers not drive in the streets in London on Car－Free Day？[within three words]
_______________________________________________________________________________
（3）Who’s allowed to drive on Car－Free Day in Brussels？[within five words]
_______________________________________________________________________________
（4）What does Car－Free Day ask Beijingers not to do every month？[within nine words]
_______________________________________________________________________________
（5）What’s the purpose of Car－Free Day？[within seven words]
_______________________________________________________________________________

阅读理解
Paul Nicklen waited patiently on a sheet of ice in the Arctic．He was there to take pictures for National Geographic．Finally，he saw something big and white．It was a polar bear，swimming towards him in the icy water．
Paul lay down on the ice to get a better photo，but the polar bear jumped out of the water and tried to attack him！Luckily for Paul，the ice cracked，or broke．and the bear fell back into the water．The polar bear wasn’t so lucky．It couldn’t get a meal and had to swim farther away to find food．
To understand the polar bear’s problem，you need to know two things about the Arctic．First，the Arctic is mostly ocean．Second，ice covers a lot of the Arctic Ocean．In winter，the ice forms a thick，white sheet，but in summer，the ice becomes thinner and breaks into pieces．Sea ice is the key to survival(幸存)for Arctic animals．However，because of global warming，Arctic temperatures are rising and polar ice is melting．
Polar bears need ice to hunt seals，their favorite meal．They stand on the ice and wait for the seals to come up for air．As Arctic ice melts，polar bears have to swim farther to find ice floes，or large pieces of floating ice．Sometimes，bears have to swim more than 200 km to find an ice floe．Some bears cannot swim that far and，sadly，they drown．
On his last trip，Paul Nicklen saw three dead bodies of polar bears．Before global warming threatened Arctic ice，a dead bear was a rare sight．Paul is sad to see the dead bodies．Wildlife experts think global warming will have a terrible effect on polar bears．In the future，polar ice will continue to shrink and endanger the bears．some scientists believe 65 percent of the world’s polar bears will disappear by 2050．In other words，polar bears are in great danger．
The main idea of the passage is that________．
A．polar bears are amazing swimmers
B．Arctic temperatures are rising
C．global warming is endangering polar bears
The polar bear that tried to attack Paul was unlucky because________．
A．Paul swam away
B．it was on an ice floe
C．it couldn’t eat Paul
According to the passage，polar bears hunt seals by________．
A．waiting on the ice
B．waiting in the water
C．drowning the seals
From the passage，Paul Nicklen is maybe a________．
A．scientist
B．photographer
C．psychologist
We can infer that polar bears________．
A．won’t have any food in 2050
B．will all die before 2050
C．cannot find food easily

任务型阅读
Street Markets Around the World
There are many ways of shopping．You can shop by telephone，by post or through your home computer，but for many people，the most exciting way to shop is also the most traditional—at a street market．You can find markets anywhere in the world．Here are four of them：

There are many“floating markets”in Asia；perhaps the most unusual is in Thailand，at a place called Damnoen Saduak．It’s open from six in the morning to the noon every day．People sell fresh fruit from their boats．

Many Belgians(比利时人)say that the Grand Place is the most beautiful square in the world．It is the home of a colorful flower market．It’s open every day except Monday．On Monday，instead of flowers，there’s a wonderful bird market！

One of the world’s most famous markets is in Mexico City—the Sonora Market．You can buy toys，birds，herbs and medicine．There are all kinds of things．It’s open every day from early in the morning till late at night．

In England，every weekend，thousands of young people from all over London travel to the Camden Market—it’s the place to go for street fashion，CDs and tapes．Many people also go there for fun．

根据短文内容，在表格中的横线上填写所缺单词。每空一词。

Names	Countries	Features	Things to Sell	Open Time
Damnoen Saduak	Thailand	unusual	fresh (1)________	every day
the Grand Place	Belgium(比利时)	beautiful	(2)________	every day except Monday
the Sonora Market	Mexico	(3)________	all kinds of things	every day
the Camden Market	(4)________	fashionable	fashion things	every (5)________

 

阅读理解
Some people have a very poor sense of direction．Unluckily，I am one of them．I have visited a place many times but I may still get lost there the next time．

When I was a little girl，I never dared ask strangers the way．So I used to walk round in circles and hope that by chance I would get to the place I was going to．
Now，I am no longer too shy to ask people for directions，but I often receive helpless or even wrong informarion．So I try to avoid giving people wrong directions．If anyone asks me the way to somewhere，I always say，“Sorry，I am a stranger here．”
Once on my way to work I was stopped by a man．He asked me if I could tell him the way to the Friendship Building．I gave him my usual reply．But just as I walked on only a few steps，I realized that he had asked the way to my office building．However，I had no time to turn back and look for him．I was rushing to meet with someone at my office and I didn’t want to keep him waiting．
When I just got to my office，the secretary showed in the man who had asked me for directions．Imagine how embarrassed I was and how surprised he was when we saw each other at the first sight！
The writer always refuses to give people directions because________．

A．she’s a stranger to the city

B．she doesn’t know the people

C．she has no time to help others

D．she’s afraid of giving wrong directions

A man stopped the writer on the way to________．

A．sell her something

B．ask for the time

C．make friends with her

D．ask for the direction

The Friendship Building is the place where the writer________．

A．lives

B．studies

C．works

D．teaches

The word“embarrassed”in the last paragraph means________．

A．尴尬的

B．困惑的

C．激动的

D．拮据的

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？

A．The writer is too shy to give others directions．

B．The writer has a very poor sense of direction．

C．The writer never got lost when she was young．

D．The man was quite nervous when he saw the writer．