初中英语阅读理解

During the 15 days from New Year’s Eve to Lantern Festival(元宵节), Beijing was affected （受影响）by haze（雾霾） .Do you know what the haze is ? Today I will introduce it to you .
Haze is air pollution(空气污染) in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles (和灰尘,烟雾和其他干燥粒),and it covers(掩盖) our blue sky ,so we can’t see sunny days. It often happens in winter and spring.
The haze brings much trouble (麻烦)to people’s lives. On the road many traffic accidents （事故）happened because people can not see clearly. The haze is harmful  to our health. People also have to go to see the doctor because of the poisonous（有毒的） air caused by the haze.
As students, we must tell our friends and family members to go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground and BRT .Also we should plant more trees and develop green and energy to reduce (减少)the haze. According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste (垃圾)anywhere . It may take about 20 years to solve the problems caused by the haze .I believe the environment will get better and better and haze weather will vanish completely(彻底消失)with the help of new technology.
What is haze ?

A．It is something delicious to eat .

B．It is a kind of air pollution.

C．It is a girl’s name.

D．It is a place.

When does it often happen ?

A．Summer and autumn	B．Winter and summer
C．Winter and spring	D．All year round

What is the Chinese meaning of the “harmful”?

A．有害的	B．有益的
C．无关的	D．有关的

Which way of the following can’t improve(改善) our environment ?

A．Plant more trees

B．Burn (燃烧)the waste from the factory directly

C．Take public traffic instead of taking a car

D．Limit (限制) the number of cars

On Thanksgiving Day, about 88 percent Americans eat turkey. But one lucky turkey not only will not be eaten but also will become famous. Every year, turkey farmers present turkeys to the US president. But instead of eating this turkey, the president gives it a “pardon”. The turkey is flown to Florida for a thanksgiving parade(游行). Then it lives on the farm for the rest of its life.
Turkeys come from America and have been part of American culture for centuries. Benjamin Franklin even wanted the turkey to be America’s national bird.
Turkeys that are kept on farms are large, awkward birds that can not fly. But wild turkeys are quite fast. They can fly at speed up to 88 kilometers per hour. They can also run at 40 kilometers per hour.
Turkeys don’t have ears. They hear by using the growth of beaks (喙). But their hearing is about five times better than human’s hearing.
Turkeys are such interesting birds. No wonder Benjamin Franklin wanted them to be American national birds.
________ people in America eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day.

A．A few

B．Some

C．Most

D．All

The underlined word “pardon” means ________.

A．赦免

B．赐死

C．礼物

D．原谅

A wild turkey can fly at the speed of _______.

A．88 kilometers per hour

B．40 kilometers per hour

C．as fast as a kept one

D．five times faster than man

The turkey doesn’t have ______.

A．eyes

B．ears

C．a mouth

D．wings

Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Turkeys don’t have ears so they can’t hear.

B．After the lucky turkey had a parade, it will be eaten by the president.

C．Benjamin Franklin made the turkey become the national bird of America.

D．Turkeys’ hearing are better than human’s.

A mouse was surprised to discover that the farmer and his wife had a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!”
A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mouse, this mousetrap is only for you. I won’t be worried about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has nothing to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse returned to the house with head down and it was very sad because no one would help.
That night the farmer’s wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmer’s wife. The wife caught a bad fever and the farmer the best way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig to feed them. But the wife didn’t get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all of them.
So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all be in trouble.
Why was the mouse very sad?（不超过5个词）
______________________________________________________________________________________
What was caught by the mousetrap that night?（不超过5个词）
______________________________________________________________________________________
What can we learn from the story?（不超过15个词）
______________________________________________________________________________________

There is an old saying in English, “Laughter is the best medicine”. Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to study laughter and the effects (作用) it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing. It also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be helpful.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to make the effect of pain on the body less. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which could bear the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can make pain less seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins (内啡肽) in the brain. These are natural chemicals which make both stress and pain less.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body’s immune system — that is the system which fights infection (感染). In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group — in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells — the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists (精神病专家) in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce good effects similar to those caused by laughter.
We learn from the first paragraph that laughter _______.

A．is good for one’s health

B．has strong effects to do with some illnesses

C．has been studied for a long time

D．has no effect on the body

Doctors have found that laughter _______.

A．keeps down blood pressure

B．has similar effects to physical exercise

C．decreases the heart rate

D．increases stress and pain

Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter according to the passage?

A．It makes pain less.

B．It exercises the body.

C．It improves the body’s immune system.

D．It can cure（治愈）cancer .

Smiling can produce _________.

A．about the same effects as laughter

B．more effects than laughter

C．fewer effects on the human body

D．no effects on the human body

How do you like your school? Have you ever written to your headmaster to express your idea? Here are some letters written by students from different schools.
Luke, 14, from Jiangsu
I will give some suggestions about our school uniform. In our school, we students have to wear uniform every day. But the yellow and green sports kit（服装）looks really dark and old. It can’t stand for young and lively spirit. We can add some red or orange colors and make a new type of uniform. I hope our headmaster will think about it.
Danny, 14, from Zhejiang
I have two suggestions for my headmaster. First of all, I think we should have more hobby classes in science , such as plane model making class and computer programming class. It is really boring to study basic subjects all the time. And second, I hope we can have more PE lessons or more time for physical exercise. Lots of students now don’t have a strong enough body.
Sam, 15, from Shanxi
I’d like to say thank you to my headmaster. About one week ago, I got a bad cold after playing basketball. Our headmaster came to me after he knew about it. He took care of me until my parents came. I really want to thank him for that.
Helen, 14, from Shandong
In the letter I wrote, I want to talk about the possibility of personal（个性化的）classes. Now many middle schools are trying the “personal class” system. Students don’t have regular classes. They can choose lessons they want to take. I think it is more effective. And it is also good for exercise. We don’t have to stay in one classroom all the time.
Luke gives some suggestions about ______ in his letter.

A．hobby classes	B．personal classes
C．school uniform	D．basketball playing

The reasons why Danny gives two suggestions are that ______.

A．students have too few classes every day and they love sports

B．studying basic subjects only is boring and students are too weak

C．hobby classes are interesting and students have no PE lessons at all

D．students want to cancel the basic subjects and they want to have more sports lessons

All the students except ______ write to the headmaster to complain about something.

A．Luke	B．Danny
C．Sam	D．Helen

The underlined sentence “I think it is more effective” means “______”

A．Regular classes will be more vivid and lively.

B．Regular classes will help students learn better.

C．Personal classes will be more vivid and lively.

D．Personal classes will help students learn better.

According to the passage, most students write to their headmasters about _______.

A．personal experiences

B．how to make schools better

C．spare time activities

D．how to deal with other students

Mr. Green goes to a small city on vacation. He wants to go to the Happy Hotel, because his friend works there. But he doesn’t know the way to the hotel. When he sees an old man, he stops and says to him, “Excuse me, where is the Happy Hotel?” The old man answers, “I can show you the way.” Then the old man gets into the car (上车). After some time, they get to a small house, and the old man says, “Here we are!” Mr. Green looks at the house. “But it isn’t the Happy Hotel”, he says to the old man. The old man answers, “It’s my house. You can go down this street. When you see a big restaurant, turn left. Then you can see the Happy Hotel on your right. It’s next to a school.”
Why does Mr. Green go to the small city?
A. Because he is on vacation.
B. Because he wants to visit his aunt.
C. Because he works there.
Why does Mr. Green want to go to the Happy Hotel?
A. Because his friend works in the Happy Hotel.
B. Because the hotel is very comfortable.
C. Because the hotel is very cheap.
How does Mr. Green go to the small city?
A. He walks there.
B. He goes to the city in a taxi.
C. He goes to the city in a car.
Where is the Happy Hotel?
A. It’s near the old man’s house.
B. It’s next to a school.
C. It’s behind a restaurant.
“Here we are!” means（意思是）_________
A. 给我们           B. 我们在这里         C. 我们到了

Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again.
Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. She started to learn the piano at the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.
She became well-known to the public after making a series of songs for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本) of “Let It Go” from Disney’s “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Ying’s team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous.
Yao Beina was unfortunate to be diagnosed（诊断）with breast cancer (乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官) to save others’ lives, but failed to do it because of her serious illness.
She’s gone, even though she had never stopped struggling with cancer. Heaven just got another beautiful angel, with her beautiful voice and kindness.
Yao Beina had her __________ donated to save others.

A．two corneas	B．all organs
C．heart	D．kidney

How old was Yao Beina when she started to sing for people?

A．Four.

B．Nine.

C．Thirteen.

D．Thirty.

Which is TRUE about Yao Beina according to the passage?

A．She started to play the piano at the age of 5.

B．She had great voice and won a lot of awards in music.

C．She was a weak and selfish girl.

D．She won over the breast cancer in the end.

What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Yao Beina’s family.

B．Yao Beina’s disease.

C．Yao Beina’s teacher.

D．Yao Beina’s art achievements.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children, Mike and Liz. The whole family are all busy, so they often leave notes for each other. Read these four notes of today and answer the following questions.

3：30 pm To Mike， Mr. Tyler rang. No football practice today. I’m going to Donna’s house to play and be back at 5：00 pm Liz	4：00 pm To Liz， It’s your turn to walk the dog. I have to do my homework after school. Remember to play with Teddy when you get home! Mike
6：45 pm Has anyone seen my tennis shoes? I’m in my bedroom doing my homework. Mike	9：00 pm I saw your shoes this morning. They smelt terrible so I put them outside the back door. Good night, dears! Mum

When will Liz be back home?

A．At 3：30 pm.	B．At 4：00 pm.
C．At 5：00 pm.	D．At 9：00 pm.

What is Mike doing at 6：45 pm?

A．Practicing football.	B．Going to Donna’s house.
C．Playing tennis.	D．Doing his homework.

According to the notes, Teddy is __________.

A．Mike’s mother	B．Mike’s brother
C．Mike’s football couch	D．the dog in the family

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival (生存). Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.
Find a hiding place
Unnecessary labor will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of the valleys-cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.
Signal for help
The best time to signal is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible-it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will travel farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket-gold side facing out on the ground.
Do not walk away
It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one in it.
If you get frostbite (冻伤), do not rewarm the affected area until you're out of danger.
You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.
When lost in the mountains, you can increase your chances of survival if you_____.

A．take a space blanket with you

B．do more physical labor

C．try to find a car immediately

D．walk as far as possible to find help

According to the passage, people most probably fail to survive if they _____.

A．do not take enough equipment

B．stay in the middle of the mountain

C．do not keep themselves warm

D．stay in a snow-covered area

What can we infer from the passage?

A．Don't travel by yourself.

B．Mountain traveling is dangerous.

C．Don't get frightened in danger.

D．Avoid going to unfamiliar places.

阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
Hello, my dear friends, today here's a funny cartoon for you! It is a Chinese cartoon. Its name is Happy Sheep(绵羊) and Big Big Wolf(狼).
In this cartoon, there are some sheep and three wolves. Happy Sheep is the leading role(主角). He likes playing football and running. He runs faster than(比) the other sheep. Pretty Sheep likes making clothes and growing flowers. She is very beautiful. Lazy Sheep( 懒羊羊) is clever. But he doesn't like doing sports. He likes sleeping best. Force Sheep(沸羊羊) is stronger than the other sheep. Warm Sheep is the class monitor(班长)at school. Slow Sheep is 68 years old. He is old. He is the village head. Every sheep has a lovely pet(宠物). Big Big Wolf wants to eat sheep. Red Wolf is Big Big Wolf's wife. She is very bad. Banana Wolf is nice. He is the friend of the sheep. He likes eating bananas very much.
________ doesn't like sports.

A．Lazy Sheep	B．Force Sheep
C．Warm Sheep	D．Happy Sheep

Pretty Sheep likes ________.

A．playing football	B．sleeping
C．making clothes	D．eating bananas

________ is the sheep's friend.

A．Big Big Wolf	B．Banana Wolf
C．Red Wolf	D．Little Wolf

There are ________ sheep in the passage(短文).

A．four

B．five

C．six

D．seven

Which is NOT right?

A．Happy Sheep runs slower than the other sheep.

B．Slow Sheep is old.

C．Warm Sheep has a lovely pet.

D．Red Wolf is Big Big Wolf's wife.

New traffic laws(交通法)say that if people cross the street when the light is red, they can be fined as much as 50 yuan.
The law has new rules for drivers and pedestrians (行人). Drivers have to slow down when they are close to crosswalks. If people are in a crosswalk, cars must stop to let them pass.
There are rules for bus drivers, too. If bus drivers smoke, drink or make phone calls while driving, they can be fined. Buses that carry too many people are also against the law.
Do your ride a bike to school? It’s not a good idea to carry classmates on the back.You could be fined 50 yuan. And stay in the bike lane(车道)when you’re riding. The big roads are for cars and buses.
Do you like to ride your uncle’s motorbike? When you put on your helmet(头盔), ask him to put one on, too. People on motorbikes must wear helmets, the new laws says. If they don’t, they’ll have to pay 200 yuan.
Do you ride in cars often? Don’t forget to put on your seat belt (安全带),even if you’re going for a short taxi ride. It could save your life.
If you see a hit-and–run (肇事逃逸), tell the police. They may give you a reward(奖赏). And don’t be afraid to help people to the hospital if they are hurt in an accident. Don’t worry about money. The new law says the doctors must take care of them even if they can’t pay right away.
What does the word“crosswalk”mean in Chinese?

A．过马路

B．人行横道

C．立交桥

D．车行道

If you are a bus driver, ______ while you are driving, according to the new traffic laws.

A．you can make a phone call

B．you can’t talk to others

C．you can’t smoke

D．you can drink

When you ride in a car, the first thing you must do is__________.

A．to put on the helmet

B．To pay the driver

C．to put on the seat belt

D．To see if it carries too many people

You should do all the following EXCEPT_________.

A．carrying your classmate on the back when you’re riding a bike

B．phoning the police when you see a hit-and-run

C．helping people to the hospital if they are hurt in an accident

D．wearing your helmet while riding a motorbike

MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a food additive (食品添加剂), which has been widely used by many food factories all over the world since it appeared first in Japan in 1909.
MSG is a substance that is added to some food to improve its original (原先的) taste and colour. It is used in foods around the world such as cakes, bread, frozen meats, fish and vegetables. In the beginning, people thought MSG was safe just like salt and sugar. However, in 1968 some people reported they seemed to have bad reactions (反应) to MSG after having had a meal at a restaurant. They included headaches and quick heartbeat (心跳). It was also reported that MSG excited a person's brain and caused his death in Japan. Scientists think that MSG may lead to many neurological disorders (神经紊乱). In mice studies done by a university, the evidence showed the mice didn’t want to eat the food including MSG.
Today many food companies “hide” MSG on food labels (标签) by using different names. If you see “natural flavorings”, “hydrolyzed protein” and “spices” in a food label, you are probably seeing a hidden way to “report” MSG in a food label. Every time we have a meal in a restaurant, we always feel the food very delicious to taste, but sometimes it is dangerous for our health because some poisonous food additives have been added to the food.
To protect people’s health, our governments, from central to local, are taking actions to stop factories producing poisonous food additives.
Monosodium Glutamate is _______.

A．a food	B．an additive
C．a factory	D．a country

MSG is often used in _______.

A．frozen meats	B．cups
C．clothes	D．book covers

The examples in the second paragraph tell us ________.

A．the food including MSG is delicious

B．people like to eat in a restaurant

C．mice like eating the food including MSG

D．MSG is not safe sometimes

If you see “natural flavorings”, “hydrolyzed protein” and “spices” in a food label, you will  know________.

A．you must eat the food in a hidden way

B．the food label must be hidden

C．MSG is probably added to the food

D．you must report the food to your parents

The underlined word “substance” in the article means __________.

A．colour

B．material

C．taste

D．Food

Now cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around the cities. Something will have to be done to change it.
What will the cars of tomorrow be like?
Little cars may some day take the place of today’s big cars. If everyone drives little cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three little cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too. What is more, these little cars can go about 65 kilometers per hour.
Little cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big, fast cars, and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.
Cars in the future mustn’t bring ________ pollution in the air.

A．more

B．fewer

C．less

D．no

The little car’s size may be ________ today’s car’s size.

A．one third of	B．two thirds of
C．as big as	D．as small as

Little cars are very fine for ________.

A．long trips	B．journeys
C．everyday life	D．sport

The big cars are ________ the little cars for long trips.

A．as useful as	B．not so useful as
C．more useful than	D．less useful than

Suzhou is a famous city in China. You can see beautiful mountains and trees in the city.
Travel time:

08:00— 10:00	Pick you up from the hotel in Shanghai and go to Suzhou.
10:00— 11:00	Visit the Tiger Hill. It is called as “the most famous place in Wuzhong”.
11:00— 12:00	Visit Hanshan Temple.
12:00— 13:00	Lunchtime.
13:00— 14:00	Visit the No.1 Silk Factory. Suzhou is famous for its silk production(产品).
14:00— 16:00	Visit the Humble Administrator’s Garden. This garden has three parts: the eastern part, the middle part and the western part.
16:00— 18:00	Return to Shanghai.

How to book (预订)：
☆ you must book by email. Tell us which hotel you are staying at and wait for our confirmation (确认) email.
☆ Our tour guide will call you the night before the tour and tell you when we will meet the next morning.
The writer must be a _______.

A．visitor	B．waiter
C．a tour guide (导游)	D．travel agent (代理人)

The tourist will visit ______ places in Suzhou.

A．six

B．five

C．four

D．three

What will they visit at 13:00?

A．The No.1 Silk Factory.

B．Hanshan Temple.

C．The Tiger Hill.

D．The Humble Administrator’s Garden.

If you want to book, you must________.

A．go to their office	B．call the tour guide
C．send them a letter	D．send them an email

The best title for this passage is “________”.

A．A Famous City, Suzhou	B．Suzhou Silk
C．A one-day Suzhou Tour	D．Main sights in Suzhou

Robots have come a long way since 15th century. We’ve got robots to build cars, carry heavy things, work in dangerous places and explore planets. But things haven’t stopped there.
In 1986, Honda made a robot called ASIMO. And now, it has been developed greatly. Standing at 130cm and weighing 54kg. ASIMO is very much like a small astronaut wearing a bag on the back. And he can walk, flight, climb and run fast. Isn’t it wonderful?
The world’s first robot teacher is Saya. With her human-like face, she can show expressions like happiness, surprise, sadness, dislike, fear and she can even smile or show anger at students, which look much like a real teacher’s. To do this, her rubber skin is pulled from the back with motors inside. And her eyes and mouth have wires(电线) too. She can also say some simple words like “hello” or “thank you”.
In the UK, the development of robots is exciting. The mini-robots will send food, clean floors, collect and throw away waste. These robots can open doors by themselves and stop if anything or anyone is in the way.
These mini-robots are very useful for controlling infection(传染). Usually clean and dirty work is done by the same person, but here, you’ll have robots that do”dirty work”, like collecting dirty sheets, or taking away hospital waste； and you’ll have robots that do”clean work”, like bringing meals or clean sheets to patients. The robots have separate work so there’s no way for infection, which is great. But of course, robots would not take the piece of humans, but would free up more time for nurses to be with patients.
But if this is what it’s like in 2011, what’s it going to be like to 2021?
In the following, which is ASIMO’s behavior?

A．Smiling at people, saying “hello”.

B．Sending food or opening doors by himself

C．Fighting, climbing or running fast

D．Collecting waste for patients

What makes Saya look real?

A．Her face and rich expressions	B．Her clothes and shoes
C．Her walking and running speed	D．Her rich knowledge

Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Robots have come a long way since 1986.

B．The first robot teacher was made by Honda.

C．Saya looks like a small astronaut.

D．If anyone or anything is in the way, mini-robots will stop.

The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that _______.

A．nurses would have more free time with patients

B．robots would not take the place of humans

C．dirty and clean work is always done by the same person

D．mini-robots are useful for controlling infection