高中英语试题

The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years， dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol （手枪）.

I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.

"Please bring that pistol to me，" I said."I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."

"What's that？" they asked.

"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren，" I replied.

"You don't have grandchildren，" someone said.

"I don't now，" I replied. "But someday I will. When I do，my box will be full of wonderful things for them."

My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring， and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away ﹣ since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offenderwould appear at the end of the day，and I would return the belonging.

The years went by， and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said， "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on，instead of coming to ask their possessions back， the students would say，"That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."

I loved talking about the imaginary box， not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift ﹣ a large， beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.

（1）What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students？ 　

A．	To collect the water pistol.
B．	To talk about her grandchildren.
C．	To recommend some toys.
D．	To explain her teaching method.

（2）What do the underlined words"the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to？ 　　

A．	The student's parent.
B．	The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C．	The author's grandchild.
D．	The owner of the forbidden fruit.

（3）What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon？ 　　

A．	They went to play with the baby.
B．	They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C．	They made a present for Gordon.
D．	They stopped asking their toys back.

（4）What can we infer about the author？ 　 　

A．	She enjoys telling jokes.
B．	She is a strict and smart teacher.
C．	She loves doing woodwork.
D．	She is a responsible grandmother.

Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art， these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.

Broadcasting Camp

Become the next star reporter， news writer， director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station， kids and their follow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web， keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.

Secret Agent Camp

In the movie Mission Impossible， Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2﹣week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.

Culinary Camp

If your child enjoys being in the kitchen，then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting， frying and cutting， as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.

Street Art Camp

This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize， sketch and paint with non﹣traditional techniques to create the coolest mural（壁画）which will be displayed in public for all to see.

（1）How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer？ 　　

A．	2.
B．	4.
C．	17.
D．	21.

（2）What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp？ 　 　

A．	Create a website.
B．	Run a news station.
C．	Meet a star reporter.
D．	Hold a dinner party.

（3）Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking？ 　　

A．	Broadcasting Camp.
B．	Secret Agent Camp.
C．	Culinary Camp.
D．	Street Art Camp.

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：

（1）条件及要求；

（2）表示感谢并提醒注意防护。

注意：（1）词数不少于50；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

__________

Yours，

Li Hua

Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems， trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self﹣talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person， who is often unaware and uncertain of some events， phenomena， people， or even the person himself.（1） 　 　Meanwhile， positive thinking can help to stop negative self﹣talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.

（2） 　　People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans （寿命）， lower rates of depression and anxiety， better physical and psychological health， reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships. （3） 　　For example， researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions， such as a natural disaster， positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer （缓冲作用） against depression and anxiety. Resilient （适应性强的） people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge， a chance for improvement of any kind， or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists， on the contrary， tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.（4） 　　

In conclusion， positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. （5） 　 A 　Thinking in a positive， self﹣encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.

A．	It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort， either.
B．	Negative self﹣talk damages self﹣confidence and decreases self﹣respect.
C．	It helps one to remain clear﹣headed and confident in difficult situations.
D．	Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E．	As thinking changes， an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F．	They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G．	They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem， even if small.

Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example， algorithms （算法） carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets， self﹣driving cars are appearing on city streets， and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.

Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of "weak" or "narrow" AI， to create "strong" or "full" AI， or what is often called artificial general intelligence （AGI）. In some respects， today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could， its advocates say， work for us around the clock， and drawing on all available data， could suggest solutions to many problems. DM， a company focused on the development of AGI， has an ambition to "solve intelligence". "If we're successful，" their mission statement reads， "we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made."

Since the early days of AI， imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965， an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra﹣intelligent machine …that can far surpass all the intellectual （智力的） activities of any man， however clever." Good went on to suggest that "the first ultra﹣intelligent machine" could be "the last invention that man need ever make."

Fears about the appearance of bad， powerful， man﹣made intelligent machines have been reinforced （强化） by many works of fiction﹣Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series， for example. But if A I does eventually prove to be our downfall， it is unlikely to be at the hands of human﹣shaped forms like these， with recognisably human motivations such as aggression （敌对行为）. Instead， I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom， who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.

The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And， having spoken to many of the world's foremost A I researchers， I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon， if ever.

（1）What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ 　　

A．	Enormous in quantity.
B．	Changeable daily.
C．	Stable in quality.
D．	Present everywhere.

（2）What could AGI do for us， according to its supporters？ 　　

A．	Help to tackle problems.
B．	Make brains more active.
C．	Benefit ambitious people.
D．	Set up powerful databases.

（3）As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra﹣intelligent machines， the author is 　 　.

A．	supportive
B．	disapproving
C．	fearful
D．	uncertain

（4）What can be inferred about AGI from the passage？ 　　

A．	It may be only a dream.
B．	It will come into being soon.
C．	It will be controlled by humans.
D．	It may be more dangerous than ever.

For the past five years， Paula Smith， a historian of science， has devoted herself to re﹣creating long﹣forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book， she came across a 16th﹣century French manuscript （手稿） consisting of nearly 1，000 sets of instructions， covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand.

The author's intention remains as mysterious （神秘） as his name； he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any of the skills the author described. "You simply can't get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it，" she says.

Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand， doing things the old﹣fashioned way isn't just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen （工匠） who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world， what objects filled their homes， and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present﹣day problems： In 2015， scientists discovered that a 10th﹣century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug﹣resistant virus.

The work has also brought insights for museums， Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What's more， reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can't appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared﹣ something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map.

Smith has put the manuscript's ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation， teamwork， and problem solving.

Back when science﹣then called "the new philosophy"﹣took shape， academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering （修补）， as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light.

If we can rediscover the values of hands﹣on experience and craftwork， Smith says， we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.

（1）How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript？ 　　

A．	Confused about the technical terms.
B．	Impressed with its detailed instructions.
C．	Discouraged by its complex structure.
D．	Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.

（2）According to Smith， the reconstruction work is done mainly to 　 　.

A．	restore old workshops
B．	understand the craftsmen
C．	improve visual effects
D．	inspire the philosophers

（3）Why does the author mention museums？ 　　

A．	To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.
B．	To present the findings of old science.
C．	To highlight the importance of antiques.
D．	To emphasise the values of hand skills.

（4）Which would be the best title for this passage？ 　　

A．	Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists
B．	Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories
C．	Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D．	Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science

Baggy has become the first dog in the UK﹣and potentially the world﹣to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground.

Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level， which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.

Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However， since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair （婴儿车）， she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.

The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13﹣year﹣old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two﹣thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma （哮喘）.

Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because "when the boy gets an idea， he keeps his head down and gets on with it， and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."

"Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age，" Matt added. "He became very interested in gadgets （小装置）. About one year ago， he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon， we went out to do some monitoring， and he said， 'why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the pollution？' So we did it." Tom said， "Most of the time， Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog， and we are all really proud of her."

（1）With a monitor on her collar， Baggy can 　 　.

A．	take pollutant readings
B．	record pollutant levels
C．	process collected data
D．	reduce air pollution

（2）What can we learn from the Baggy data？ 　　

A．	High places are free of air pollution.
B．	Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C．	Conventional monitors are more reliable.
D．	Air is more polluted closer to the ground.

（3）What is Tom's purpose of doing the research？ 　　

A．	To warn of a health risk.
B．	To find out pollution sources.
C．	To test his new monitor.
D．	To prove Baggy's abilities.

（4）According to the passage， which word can best describe Tom Hunt？ 　　

A．	Modest.
B．	Generous.
C．	Creative.
D．	Outgoing.

Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists， art designers and culture researchers， our multi﹣language experts endow （赋予） Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses， totalling 20，000 hours of content in 20 different languages， guarantee you language skills you can use right away.

At the core of Lancom is a world﹣class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently， so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners， not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team， available through telephone， email and online chat.

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（1）Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning？ 　　

A．	Culture researchers.
B．	AI specialists.
C．	Language experts.
D．	Art designers.

（2）What lies at the core of the Lancom app？ 　 　

A．	A flexible system.
B．	An effective method.
C．	The brain﹣training technique.
D．	The informative content.

（3）Lancom claims that it is unique in its 　　.

A．	personalised courses
B．	multiple languages
C．	pricing policy
D．	service team

My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get﹣together in the town of Vail.

On Saturday， we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end， we all （1） 　　at the fountain near the bridge， and the kids waded （蹚水） around in the fountain until we（2） 　 　. This is one of the busiest walking streets. After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon， my 7﹣year﹣old son Ponder （3） 　　that nowhere could he find his backpack， which （4） 　　his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough （5） 　　， we determined that he must have left it at the fountain.

Ponder has never （6） 　 　anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision （指导） for managing his （7） 　　.

He was upset， not about the Gameboy， but about the watch. "But Dad，" he said， through massive （8） 　　， "they don't make that kind of watch anymore." We were all very （9） 　　.

Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge， so I （10） 　　him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner， but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been （11） 　　.

As we exited from the parking garage， we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black （12） 　 　there， but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain， so I could not （13） 　　what it was or if it was hers.

"See it， Dad？" Ponder shouted. "Don't get too （14） 　　because that may not be it，" I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain， and it was （15） 　　there. There was no ID in it， and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all I literally （17） 　　when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party was blown away by this "miracle （奇迹）" . In my wildest （18） 　　， I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays.

What a charmed life， eh？ I believe this was a perfect （19） 　 　for a child in losing something important …to lose it and feel the full （20） 　　of that loss， and then to miraculously get it back.

（1）A．drove	B．hiked	C．met	D．united
（2）A．landed	B．left	C．settled	D．slept
（3）A．responded	B．recognized	C．realized	D．recalled
（4）A．contained	B．combined	C．comprised	D．covered
（5）A．preparation	B．checkup	C．revision	D．search
（6）A．wasted	B．lost	C．sought	D．deserted
（7）A．emotion	B．time	C．money	D．stuff
（8）A．tears	B．fists	C．reliefs	D．outbreaks
（9）A．hesitant	B．curious	C．sad	D．eager
（10）A．promised	B．informed	C．warned	D．taught
（11）A．worn out	B．caught up	C．put away	D．turned in
（12）A．hiding	B．sitting	C．swinging	D．flowing
（13）A．assess	B．declare	C．tell	D．predict
（14）A．excited	B．puzzled	C．relaxed	D．amused
（15）A．already	B．even	C．almost	D．still
（16）A．take	B．see	C．touch	D．protect
（17）A．panicked	B．exploded	C．collapsed	D．cried
（18）A．dreams	B．claims	C．efforts	D．passions
（19）A．mode	B．lesson	C．option	D．plot
（20）A．range	B．pressure	C．weight	D．harvest

A

Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food （1） 　　（play） a big role in his life. "My mum was a great cook， and she'd sometimes let me have a try，" he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if you're （2） 　　（luck） enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking， ask them （3） 　　you can join in when it's possible.

B

Single﹣use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they （4） 　　（throw） away. It takes them hundreds of years （5） 　　（break） down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures， such as turtles and dolphins. Over time， the bags fall apart （6） 　　countless tiny pieces， and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now， lots of （7） 　　（country） and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.

C

A piece of stone （8） 　　（find） on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives， known as Neanderthals， were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals （9） 　　（live） alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years， before dying out about 40，000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans， but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were （10） 　　（smart） than the Neanderthals. However， the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

I've had many dreams since I was a child． Now my dream is to opens a cafe． Though it may appear simple， it required a lot of ideas and efforts． What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one． I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty"． In the cafe， customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them． If I succeed in manage one， I will open more． I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city． Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style．

On our way to the house，it was raining（1） 　　hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take（2） 　　（get）there． It was in the middle of Pearl City．

We were first greeted with the barking by a pack（3） 　　dogs，seven to be exact． They were well trained by their masters（4） 　　had great experience with caring for these animals． Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （5） 　　（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit． For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard．

When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting （6） 　　（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it． They also shared with us many（7） 　　（tradition）stories about Hawaii that were （8） 　　（huge）popular with tourists． On the last day of our week﹣long stay，we （9） 　　（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，（10） 　　（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals．

The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid﹣March﹣（1） 　　six months out of the year．

"Of course， we （2） 　　it when the sun is shining，" says Karin Ro， who works for the town's tourism office． "We see the sky is（3） 　 　， but down in the valley it's darker ﹣ it's like on a （4） 　　day．"

But that（5） 　 　when a system of high﹣tech（6） 　　was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below． Wednesday， residents（居民）of Rjukan （7） 　　their very first ray of winter sunshine： A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to（8） 　　． The mirrors are controlled by a computer that （9） 　 　them to turn along with the sun throughout the （10） 　　and to close during windy weather． They reflect a concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central（11） 　　， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters． When the light （12） 　　， Rjukan residents gathered together．

"People have been （13） 　　there and standing there and taking（14） 　　of each other，" Ro says． "The town square was totally（15） 　 　． I think almost all the people in the town were there． "The 3，500 residents cannot all （16） 　　the sunshine at the same time． （17） 　 　， the new light feels like more than enough for the town's（18） 　　residents．

"It's not very （19） 　　，" she says， "but it is enough when we are （20） 　　．"

（1）A． only	B． obviously	C． nearly	D． precisely
（2）A． fear	B． believe	C． hear	D． notice
（3）A． empty	B． blue	C． high	D． wide
（4）A． cloudy	B． normal	C． different	D． warm
（5）A． helped	B． changed	C． happened	D． mattered
（6）A． computers	B． telescopes	C． mirrors	D． cameras
（7）A． remembered	B． forecasted	C． received	D． imagined
（8）A． repair	B． risk	C． rest	D． use
（9）A． forbids	B． directs	C． predicts	D． follows
（10）A． day	B． night	C． month	D． year
（11）A． library	B． hall	C． square	D． street
（12）A． appeared	B． returned	C． faded	D． stopped
（13）A． driving	B． hiding	C． camping	D． sitting
（14）A． pictures	B． notes	C． care	D． hold
（15）A． new	B． full	C． flat	D． silent
（16）A． block	B． avoid	C． enjoy	D． store
（17）A． Instead	B． However	C． Gradually	D． Similarly
（18）A． nature﹣loving	B． energy﹣saving	C． weather﹣beaten	D． sun﹣starved
（19）A． big	B． clear	C． cold	D． easy
（20）A． trying	B． waiting	C． watching	D． sharing

In an online class， developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important．（1） 　　While I have only listed two of each， there are obviously many other situations that can arise． Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance．

Do's

• （2） 　　Questions about subject content are generally welcomed． Before asking questions about the course design， read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight．

• Participate in discussion forums（论坛）， blogs and other open﹣ended forums for dialogue．（3） 　　Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information． Make a point， and make it safe for others to do the same．

Don'ts

• Don't share personal information or stories． Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends． If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor．（4） 　　

• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class． （5） 　　When a student attacks a professor on the social media， the language used actually says more about the student． If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability， be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments．

A．	That's what they are for．
B．	Turn to an online instructor for help．
C．	If more information is needed， they will ask．
D．	Remember that online professors get a lot of emails．
E．	Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners．
F．	Everyone has taken a not﹣so﹣great class at one time or another．
G．	Ask questions， but make sure they are good， thoughtful questions．

Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers．

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0﹣25 drops of water or juice as a reward． The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined﹣or added﹣the symbols to get the reward．

Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone， who led the team， described the experiment： In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens． On one part of the screen， a symbol would appear， and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown． For example， the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8． If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice； if they went for the circle， they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers﹣17 in this example．

After running hundreds of tests， the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time， indicating that they were performing a calculation， not just memorizing the value of each combination．

When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely， they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate（低估）a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value﹣sometimes choosing， for example， a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6． The underestimation was systematic： When adding two numbers， the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two， and then added only a fraction（小部分）of the smaller number to it．

"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains， "Dr． Livingstone says． "But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one．"

（1）What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them？ 　　

A．	They fed them．
B．	They named them．
C．	They trained them．
D．	They measured them．

（2）How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment？ 　 　

A．	By drawing a circle．
B．	By touching a screen．
C．	By watching videos．
D．	By mixing two drinks．

（3）What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys？ 　　

A．	They could perform basic addition．
B．	They could understand simple words．
C．	They could memorize numbers easily．
D．	They could hold their attention for long．

（4）In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？ 　　

A．	Entertainment．
B．	Health．
C．	Education．
D．	Science．