Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists， art designers and culture researchers， our multi﹣language experts endow （赋予） Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses， totalling 20，000 hours of content in 20 different languages， guarantee you language skills you can use right away.
At the core of Lancom is a world﹣class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently， so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners， not for any third party. And it's all supported by an efficient customer service team， available through telephone， email and online chat.
Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language， building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real﹣life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. You will find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom.
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（1）Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning？
| A． |
Culture researchers. |
| B． |
AI specialists. |
| C． |
Language experts. |
| D． |
Art designers. |
（2）What lies at the core of the Lancom app？
| A． |
A flexible system. |
| B． |
An effective method. |
| C． |
The brain﹣training technique. |
| D． |
The informative content. |
（3）Lancom claims that it is unique in its .
| A． |
personalised courses |
| B． |
multiple languages |
| C． |
pricing policy |
| D． |
service team |
Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the extreme experiment of Frederick in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the babies died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation (剥夺，丧失). What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the ability to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such extreme deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
Recent evidence suggests that a baby is born with the ability to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern “teddy bear”.
But speech has to be developed, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals reduces the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal (非语言的) signals is basic to the growth and development of language.Frederick’s experiment was extreme because _________.
| A．he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak |
| B．he wanted his nurses to say another language |
| C．he was unkind to the nurses |
| D．he ignored the importance of mothering to the babies |
The reason that some children are backward in speaking is most likely that _________.
| A．they do not listen carefully to their mothers |
| B．their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak |
| C．their brain has to absorb too much language at once |
| D．their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them |
In paragraph 3, by “critical times” the author means _________.
| A．difficult periods in the child’s life |
| B．moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother |
| C．important stages in the child’s development |
| D．times when mothers often neglect their children |
If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _________ in future.
| A．have a high IQ | B．be less intelligent |
| C．not necessarily be backward | D．be insensitive to verbal signals |
If the mother seldom responds to her child’s signals, _________.
| A．the child will be able to speak properly |
| B．the child will continue to give out signals |
| C．the child will invent a language of own |
| D．the child will make little effort to speak |
The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an “aducation” through games and other entertainment.
A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. "Call me Haiz", he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising.
Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers.
The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: To identify the advertiser. To know what the advertiser is really saying. And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do.
Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad-land, where there are ads on buses and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level.
The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing.
One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) says it is a big business. The FTC estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2009.
The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.
A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.What is the best title of the text?
| A．A website aimed at children’s food | B．The cartoon guide named “Haiz” |
| C．An “aducation” website for children | D．A popular online video game |
Why did the government start the website?
| A．To advertise the video game for children. | B．To help children know about advertising. |
| C．To attract the biggest market of buyers. | D．To sell the products of its company. |
What can players do in the website game?
| A．Play video games during the trip. | B．Travel to a supermarket. |
| C．Eat in a fast-food restaurant. | D．Choose appearance for their character. |
Children are important for advertising because they are
| A．important for the society | B．the most potential buyers |
| C．easily influenced by ads | D．easily affected by poor products |
According to Michelle Obama, lots of foods advertised for children are ________.
| A．of low quality | B．yummy | C．of high nutrition | D．healthy |
Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline（腰围）, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.
Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said: “In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.”
The “Food: Body: Mind” report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they are currently on a diet and one in five women said they are on a “continuous diet”.
It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their “reflection in the mirror”, preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.
However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers who polish off their children's leftovers（剩饭）was another common cause of weight gain.Which of the following might be the best title for this article?
| A．Three reasons to fail in dieting | B．Important things for successful diet |
| C．Obesity: problem for 61.4% adults in UK | D．Four in ten women gain weight on diets |
In the UK, women who go on a diet __________.
| A．are all overweight or obese |
| B．are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight |
| C．all fail because they are not persistent enough |
| D．end up heavier than when they start to diet |
The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means __________.
| A．effects | B．examples | C．causes | D．imagination |
Which of the following is NOT the reason why many people quit dieting very soon?
| A．The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly. |
| B．Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks. |
| C．Reflections they see in the mirror. |
| D．Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers. |
In which column of the newspaper do you probably find the passage?
| A．Health. | B．Economy. | C．Sports. | D．Education. |
What do you do if you don’t get into your first choice of university? That’s the dilemma that faces thousands of British students every year.
Many candidates turn to Clearing, the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment. If they don’t have the marks to get into their first choice of institution, Clearing tells them about places available at other universities, though they might have to read another subject.
But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university. This, combined with the weak economy, an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities, means that there's been even more of a scramble for places than usual. Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.
The British university admissions service, UCAS, says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants --- almost 190,000 people --- still don’t have a place on a degree course. That’s a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.
Faced with these figures, some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative: studying abroad. The University of Nottingham, for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo, near Shanghai, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business, accounting, engineering and English. Similarly, the University of Bolton says it has ‘unlimited’ places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.
Given the problems getting into university, the UK’s Higher Education Minister, David Willetts, encourages students who haven't made the grade to consider alternatives to university, such as apprenticeships and studying at home.
"There are a range of options available," he says. "People are able to reapply. They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV, which would help their application --- getting practical work experience or extra skills --- anything that strengthens their chances next year."
But some experts say that rising university costs, poor long-term job prospects, and a drop in graduate recruitment mean it’s the worst time to be a university student in the UK.When the author says this year “there’s been more of a scramble for places” (Para. 3), he means_________________.
| A．more people have applied to university |
| B．there is more competition between the candidates |
| C．there are more services that help find university places |
| D．more places are available |
According to UCAS, there are about ____university applicants this year.
| A．190,000 | B．46, 000 | C．236, 000 | D．760, 000 |
David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course _____.
| A．to consider apprenticeships and studying at home |
| B．to study at campus outside the UK |
| C．to reapply next year |
| D．not to go to university in the UK |
Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?
| A．It costs more to study at university. |
| B．Long-term job prospects are worse. |
| C．Universities offer places in other countries. |
| D．There are fewer chances to do graduate study. |
According to the passage, what can students do if they don’t get into their first choice of university?
| A．They can go to work in Clearing. |
| B．They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year. |
| C．They can spend the year writing a better CV. |
| D．They do graduate study at home. |
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.
The researcher organized an experimental tournament involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.
Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.
There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.
If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.
He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.
| A．review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup |
| B．analyse the causes of errors made by football referees |
| C．set a standard for football refereeing |
| D．reexamine the rules for football refereeing |
The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.
| A．slightly above average | B．higher than in the 1998 World Cup |
| C．quite unexpected | D．as high as in a standard match |
The findings of the experiment show that ________.
| A．errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball |
| B．the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errors |
| C．the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occur |
| D．errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot |
The word “officials” (Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.
| A．the researchers involved in the experiment |
| B．the inspectors of the football tournament |
| C．the referees of the football tournament |
| D．the observers at the site of the experiment |
What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?
| A．The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. |
| B．Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. |
| C．A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible. |
| D．An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition. |
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