高中英语试题

Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

   It's undeniable： Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool． There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before the feeling that you're living in the future． And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget， people stare in fascination． They ask you questions． They see you as the holder of powerful， secret knowledge for a little while， until the next big thing comes along． People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness， which they pay in more ways than one． Don't fall into the early adopter trap． Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media﹣hyped hardware： instead， wait and see．

   To put it frankly， early adoption is a bad investment． First， the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive， they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be． Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can， and they know that there are serious tech﹣lovers who will pay a great deal to be first． Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands， they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase： selling the product to everyone else． This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U． S． 200 only eight months after its release． Plus， electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time． Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release， and they will likely keep falling． Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market． Further， electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete （废弃的） so quickly． This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value． The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months．

Speaking of becoming obsolete， those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on． Another good reason to resist the early﹣adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration． Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters． Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time， don't be among the first users． If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget， you can look forward to a smoother experience or choose a less troublesome product．

Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A． It means that different team is accessible to you． B． Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence． C． That identity is first and foremost． D． The more we follow a team， the deeper the bond becomes． E． In that sense， your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family： Fostering a sense of belonging． F． This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat．

"Our research has shown that the No． 1 reason people become fans is that it's your connection to your first community，" said Adam Earnhardt， chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co﹣author of "Sports Fans， Identity and Socialization： Exploring the Fandemonium．" "I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China， he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams，" he said． "（1） 　 　"

   （2） 　 　． And when a team begins to catch fire， as with， say， the Mariners in '95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage， well， it's easy to get swept up in the wave．

   "It's phenomenal，" said Simons． "We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours． Our testosterone（睾酮） literally responds to their victory． （3） 　 　They're us， and competing on a literal level as us a little extension of us．"

   Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG Basking In Reflected Glory    to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed． It can be used as a verb， as in， "Seahawks fans are currently BIRGING up a storm．" The counterpoint， as coined by researchers C．R． Snyder， Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E， Ford， is the concept of CORFing Cutting Off Reflected Failure． （4） 　 　． We've all heard it in action： We won， but they lost．

This leads into another concept， that of cognitive bias， also known as confirmation bias， which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors， such as referees． I'm sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview， rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest． It could also explain the notion of "eustress"， invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria （极度愉快的心情） and stress， such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events． Indeed， it's much of the appeal．

Composite image of Europe and North Africa at night， 2016． Credit： NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens， using Suomi NPP VIIRS data from Miguel Roman， NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center． Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress： the march of civilization shines a light in the dark； it takes back the night； it illuminates． But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal （夜间活动的） animals and even for human health．

   Now research shows the night is getting even brighter． From 2012 to 2016 the earth's artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year （map）， according to a study published last November in Science Advances． Even that increase may understate the problem， however． The measurement excludes light from most of the energy﹣efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium﹣vapor technology in cities all over the world， says lead study author Christopher Kyb， a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam．

   The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite （VIIRS）． It can measure long﹣wavelengths of light， such as those produced by traditional yellow﹣and﹣orange sodium﹣vapor street lamps． But VIRS cannot see the short﹣wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs． This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals' behavior．

   Credit： Mapping Specialists： Source： "Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent．" by Christopher C． M． Kyba et al． in Science Advances， Vol． 3． No 11， Article No， E1701528； November 22， 2017．

   The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy， the Netherlands， Spain and the U． S． to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIIRS data． In contrast， most nations in South America， Africa and Asia brightened， suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting． Australia actually appeared to lose lit area    but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data．

   "The fact that VIIRS finds an increase （in many countries）， despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more， is very sad，" says Fabiofalchi， a researcher at Italy's Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute， who did not participate in the study． In 2016 Falchi， along with Kyba and several other members of his research team， published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world's population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night．

   The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings． Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long﹣wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent． And overall， countries' total light production correlated with their GDP． In other words， Kyba says， "we buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on．"

（1）Which is not true about the spread of lit areas？ 　 　

A．	Lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year．
B．	Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress．
C．	The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light．
D．	It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health．

（2）Which of the following about VIIRS is NOT true according to the passage？ 　 　

A．	It is a kind of NASA satellite device．
B．	It can record and analyze long﹣wavelength light．
C．	The blue light generated by white LEDs can disrupt human sleep cycles．
D．	VIIRS has found an increase of traditional lighting in lots of nations．

（3）According to the article， what we can know about the LEDs？ 　 　

A．	Artificial LED lights at nights are harmful to people's health．
B．	It is a sign of civilization in modern society．
C．	The blue light disrupts human and animals' life cycles．
D．	Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs．

（4）The author writes this article to 　 　．

A．	show the VIIRS data from NASA
B．	demonstrate the significance of VIIRS for its measurement of wavelengths
C．	reveal the relationship between wavelength light and GDP
D．	arouse people's awareness of light pollution

Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth． Bridging the natural and social sciences， Geography is the interdisciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment． It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment． Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems． The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study．

   The Geography﹣globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development． Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole， this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well﹣being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum．

   Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising． Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards， and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising． As a geography major， you will meet one﹣on﹣one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week， and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise． In addition to advising our students about their academic programs， we provide timely information about internships， nationally competitive awards， and other opportunities as they arise． Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards．

   For more information about our program， please visit our website， or contact our Undergraduate Chair， whose information is listed above．

   Admissions Information

   Freshmen/First﹣year Admission

   No requirements beyond University admission requirements．

   Change of Program Policy

   No selective or limited admission requirements．

   External Transfer Admission

   No requirements beyond University admission requirements．

   Opportunities Upon Graduation

   With a liberal arts degree in Geography globalization and Development， students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields， including non﹣profit and government work， particularly in the areas of community and international development． This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context． Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school， with research and professional interest in academic fields， including， but not limited to， geography， public affairs and policy， development studies， and community and regional planning．

   Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full﹣time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake， OHIO's key resource for researching jobs， employers， workshops， and professional development events．

（1）Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage？ 　 　

A．	A freshman who has studied in a university．
B．	A college student majoring in geography．
C．	A senior high school graduate interested in geography．
D．	A high school graduate who wants to find a job

（2）What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment？ 　 　

A．	Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems．
B．	Understanding contemporary global issues．
C．	Getting one﹣on﹣one information on geography teaching．
D．	Achieving more international opportunities．

（3）Where is the most likely place to read this passage？ 　 　

A．	In a magazine．
B．	On the university website．
C．	In a geographic journal．
D．	On the enrollment information network．

All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school． It was a beautiful house， too， with a plastic﹣covered sofa and chairs， wall﹣to﹣wall blue﹣and﹣white carpeting， a white enamel stove， a washing machine and a dryer things that were common in her neighborhood， absent in mine． In the middle of the war， she had butter， sugar， steaks， and seam﹣up﹣the﹣back stockings．

   I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub， but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire．

   Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander （浪费）： on movies， candy， paddleball， jacks， ice﹣cream cones． But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother， which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things an insurance﹣policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman． The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound． I was not like the children in folktales： burdensome mouths to feed， nuisances to be corrected， problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest． I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide and it earned me a slow smile， an approving nod from an adult． Confirmations that I was adultlike， not childlike．

   In those days， the forties， children were not just loved or liked； they were needed． They could earn money； they could care for children younger than themselves； they could work the farm， take care of the herd， run errands （差事）， and much more． I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now． They are loved， doted on， protected， and helped． Fine， and yet…

   Little by little， I got better at cleaning her house good enough to be given more to do， much more． I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and， once， to move a piano from one side of a room to the other． I fell carrying the bookcases． And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly． I wanted to refuse， or at least to complain， but I was afraid she would fire me， and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me， as well as the standing I had at home although both were slowly being eroded． She began to offer me her clothes， for a price． Impressed by these worn things， which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school， I bought a few． Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs． So I learned to say "No， thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay．

   Still， I had trouble summoning （鼓起） the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made． And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit． Then one day， alone in the kitchen with my father， I let drop a few whines about the job． I gave him details， examples of what troubled me， yet although he listened intently， I saw no sympathy in his eyes． No "Oh， you poor little thing．" Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job， not an escape from it． In any case， he put down his cup of coffee and said， "Listen． You don't live there． You live here． With your people． Go to work． Get your money． And come on home．"

   That was what he said． This was what I heard：

   Whatever the work is， do it well    not for the boss but for yourself．

   You make the job： it doesn't make you．

   Your real life is with us， your family．

   You are not the work you do： you are the person you are．

   I have worked for all sorts of people since then， geniuses and morons， quick﹣witted and dull， big﹣hearted and narrow． I've had many kinds of jobs， but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself， and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home．

（1）What is the "pleasure" of the author from the sentence "The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound．（paragraph 3）"？ 　 　

A．	She was proud as she could earn money for her mother．
B．	Her own value of being needed．
C．	She is distinctive from those children in folktales．
D．	She enjoyed a status of being an adult in her family．

（2）According to the article， which of the following is true about children in the 1940s and now？ 　 　

A．	Children become needed， loved and liked when they are at forty．
B．	Children in modern times are less likely to be spoiled by parents．
C．	Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle various daily routine．
D．	Children in modern times aren't needed to do daily works any more．

（3）What did the author's father make her understand？ 　 　

A．	Don't escape from difficulties at work．
B．	Whatever decision she made， her father would support her．
C．	Convey her dissatisfaction with her work．
D．	Make a distinction between work and life．

（4）Which of the following corresponds to the author's views in the passage？ 　 　

A．	Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself．
B．	Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life．
C．	Parents are the best teachers of children．
D．	Job security is less valuable when compared with family．

We're told that writing is dying． Typing on keyboards and screens （1） 　 　written communication today． Learning cursive （草书）， joined﹣up handwriting was once （2） 　 　in schools． But now， not so much． Countries such as Finland have dropped joined﹣up handwriting lessons in schools （3） 　 　typing courses． And in the U． S．， the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013． A few U． S． states still place value on formative cursive education， such as Arizona， but they're not the（4） 　 　．

   Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect （5） 　 　． Anne Trubek， author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting， argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity． That's when you've perfected a task， and can do it almost without thinking． （6） 　 　you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task． In this sense， Trubek likens handwriting to （7） 　 　．

   "Once you have driven for a while， you don't （8） 　 　think 'Step on gas now'（or） 'Turn the steering wheel a bit'，" she explains． "You just do it． That's what we want children to （9） 　 　when learning to write． You and I don't think 'now make a loop going up for the 'I' or 'now look for the letter 'r' on the keyboard'．" Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting， and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time， "if ever"． But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting： students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at （10） 　 　ages， and to type faster than they could write， granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure． In a piece penned （if you'll pardon the expression） for the New York Times last year， Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards， today's children may well become better communicators in text as （11） 　 　takes up less of their education． This is a（n）（12） 　 　that has attracted both criticism and support．

   She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not （13） 　 　it will result in a "loss of history" and a "loss of personal touch"．

   On the former she （14） 　 　that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway "that's why we have paleographers，" she explains， paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing while the latter refers to the warm （15） 　 　we give to handwritten personal notes， such as thank﹣you cards． Some educators seem to agree， at least to an extent．

（1）

A．

abandons

B．

dominates

C．

enters

D．

absorbs

（2）

A．

compulsory

B．

opposite

C．

crucial

D．

relevant

（3）

A．

in want of

B．

in case of

C．

in favour of

D．

in addition to

（4）

A．

quantity

B．

minimum

C．

quality

D．

majority

（5）

A．

responsibility

B．

benefits

C．

resources

D．

structure

（6）

A．

granting

B．

getting

C．

bringing

D．

coming

（7）

A．

sleeping

B．

driving

C．

reviewing

D．

operating

（8）

A．

eventually

B．

constantly

C．

equivalently

D．

consciously

（9）

A．

adopt

B．

reach

C．

acquire

D．

activate

（10）

A．

slower

B．

later

C．

faster

D．

earlier

（11）

A．

handwriting

B．

adding

C．

forming

D．

understanding

（12）

A．

trust

B．

look

C．

view

D．

smile

（13）

A．

containing

B．

spreading

C．

choosing

D．

protecting

（14）

A．

commits

B．

counters

C．

completes

D．

composes

（15）

A．

associations

B．

resources

C．

procedures

D．

interactions

Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A． counting B． determined C． distraction D． environmental E． focus    F． modified G． naturally H． performing I． worsening J． comprehensively   K． significant

Myopia， or short﹣sightedness， is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred （模糊的）， but closer objects can usually be seen in sharp focus． Its biological basis is an eye that， during childhood， has grown too long for its optical power． The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina， causing out﹣of （1） 　 　perception．

   Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically （2） 　 　． But its prevalence （流行） has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China， Hong Kong， Taiwan， Singapore， Japan and South Korea， where 80﹣90% of those completing high school are now short﹣sighted． This is up from 20﹣30% only two generations ago． Since gene pools do not change that fast， these massive changes must be due to（3） 　 　change． In 2005， we （4） 　 　reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education． （This was not a particularly novel insight： such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604．） We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes．

   Fortunately， not all high （5） 　 　locations， Australia among them， showed a high prevalence of myopia． This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia． We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions． Indeed． North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia， although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia．

   A common cutoff for high myopia is 5 diopters （屈光度）． This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes． Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can't be corrected． The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia， which foreshadows major increases in visual （6） 　 　and blindness as these young adults age． So prevention of myopia has become crucial， particularly for East and Southeast Asia．

Australia has （7） 　 　low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities． Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside， not （8） 　 　time outdoors at school． However， there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a（n）（9） 　 　from study． Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia， the phenomenon in which mild to （10） 　 　myopia becomes more severe during childhood． There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression， but strong seasonal effects on progression suggest that it may．

After reading the passage below ， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word ， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks ， use one word that best fits each blank.

Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa

   Nature is full of wonders． In （1） 　      　is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature， millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa． The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal （2） 　      　they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam， about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar．

   Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles， a species （3） 　      　（threaten） with extinction， and one of the sites， Gahirmatha，（4） 　      　around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year， is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites．

   The female turtles drag （5） 　      　up the beach from the sea， dig a nest， lay at least one hundred eggs， cover and conceal their eggs and nest， and then return to the sea． The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that （6） 　      　（deposit） in the warm sand．

   The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45 60 days， then the babies grow without their mother， which is a rare phenomenon in nature， Interestingly， it is on the same beach where they were born （7） 　      　the females lay their eggs．

In the recent years， sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest （8） 　      　（damage） or destroyed． Also， some fierce animals such as dogs and birds （9） 　      　（reduce） the number of nesting turtles． And of course man has also had a negative impact （10）

　      　using engine﹣powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds．

假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1）表示感谢；

2）回顾Alex对你的帮助；

3）临别祝愿。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____1____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears____2____ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____3____gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ____4____ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____5____ (easy) see them.

But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ____6____ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ____7____ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ____8___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ____9___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.

School uniforms are ___10_____ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usually, the ____1___ the idea is, the more it gets noticed. And that's precisely why one ____2___ Frenchman has caught our attention.

Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving ___3____on discarded（丢弃）food. The three-month, 1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's ___4____of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.

As you can ___5____ , the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___6____ tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of ____7___ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies. Only about one in ten places ____8___ him food that would otherwise be discarded.

For legal ____9___ , most restaurants have a policy against ___10___food waste. "Some people have even ___11___ their jobs by giving me food," Dubanchet said.

What's ___12___ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. Berlin has been the __13____ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. There, he had to ___14___ at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food. The ___15___ is all the more serious when you consider the ___16___ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.

"I have to get food ___17___ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ___18___ ,"

Dubanchet explained. "Is my ___19___ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating."

He aims to ___20___ his journey by mid-July. With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.

1.

A．

cleverer

B．

older

C．

stranger

D．

simpler

2.

A．

garbage-eating

B．

sports-loving

C．

food-wasting

D．

law-breaking

3.

A．

secretly

B．

finally

C．

entirely

D．

probably

4.

A．

purpose

B．

way

C．

opinion

D．

dream

5.

A．

observe

B．

imagine

C．

suggest

D．

remember

6.

A．

store

B．

cook

C．

shop for

D．

throw away

7.

A．

locked

B．

damaged

C．

connected

D．

abandoned

8.

A．

bought

B．

offered

C．

ordered

D．

sold

9.

A．

reasons

B．

rights

C．

fees

D．

aids

10.

A．

begging for

B．

giving away

C．

hiding

D．

causing

11.

A．

did

B．

kept

C．

accepted

D．

risked

12.

A．

hardly

B．

usually

C．

particularly

D．

merely

13.

A．

easiest

B．

nearest

C．

biggest

D．

richest

14.

A．

work

B．

shout

C．

ask

D．

jump

15.

A．

competition

B．

conversation

C．

conflict

D．

challenge

16.

A．

adequate

B．

rewarding

C．

demanding

D．

suitable

17.

A．

again

B．

alone

C．

later

D．

fast

18.

A．

spirit

B．

energy

C．

time

D．

effort

19.

A．

stomach

B．

hand

C．

pocket

D．

basket

20.

A．

arrange

B．

restart

C．

report

D．

finish

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.____1____At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.

After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ____2____They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends（传说）. John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.

____3____They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ____4____ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion（入侵）by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ____5____

A．	They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B．	Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C．	Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D．	However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E．	Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F．	They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night（1964）and Help！（1965）.
G．	They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.

California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about?            

A．	The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．	The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．	The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．	The influence of farming on big trees in California.

（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?            

A．	Ecological studies of forests.
B．	Banning woodcutting.
C．	Limiting housing development.
D．	Fire control measures.

（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?            

A．	Inadequate snowmelt.
B．	A longer dry season.
C．	A warmer climate.
D．	Dampness of the air.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?            

A．	California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B．	Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．	Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D．	Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California

Money with no strings attached.It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."

People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. "People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社会经济的）backgrounds gave and took, "said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a ＄ 20 bill pinning it to the board.

"What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles," Bridges said. "There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.

While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.

"After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. "Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand."

（1）What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?

A．	Money spent without hesitation.
B．	Money not legally made.
C．	Money offered without conditions.
D．	Money not tied together.

（2）What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?            

A．	Women tended to be more sociable.
B．	The activity attracted various people.
C．	Economic problems were getting worse.
D．	Young couples needed financial assistance.

（3）Why did Bridges carry out the project?            

A．	To do a test on people's morals.
B．	To raise money for his company.
C．	To earn himself a good reputation.
D．	To promote kindness and sympathy.

Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military（军队的）medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' rightful owners, and returns them.

His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.

Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado's sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: "Who are you？2What antique shop?" However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. "At that point, I knew she meant business," Zac says. "To drive eight hours to come to see me."

The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.

Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn't realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac's mother had found was a family treasure." This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions（场合）would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands," Adeline says.

As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant. "But as I grew older," Adeline says, "and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left." Corrado Piccoli's Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.

Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrado's medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.

（1）Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？            

A．	In the army.
B．	In an antique shop.
C．	From his mother.
D．	From Adeline Rockko.

（2）What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？            

A．	She was very impolite.
B．	She was serious about the medal.
C．	She suspected his honesty.
D．	She came from a wealthy family.

（3）What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?            

A．	Her parents' advice.
B．	Her knowledge of antiques.
C．	Her childhood dream.
D．	Her memory of her brother.