Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A． It means that different team is accessible to you． B． Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence． C． That identity is first and foremost． D． The more we follow a team， the deeper the bond becomes． E． In that sense， your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family： Fostering a sense of belonging． F． This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat． |
"Our research has shown that the No． 1 reason people become fans is that it's your connection to your first community，" said Adam Earnhardt， chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co﹣author of "Sports Fans， Identity and Socialization： Exploring the Fandemonium．" "I don't care if a Seattle fan moves to China， he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams，" he said． "（1） "
（2） ． And when a team begins to catch fire， as with， say， the Mariners in '95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage， well， it's easy to get swept up in the wave．
"It's phenomenal，" said Simons． "We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours． Our testosterone（睾酮） literally responds to their victory． （3） They're us， and competing on a literal level as us a little extension of us．"
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG Basking In Reflected Glory to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed． It can be used as a verb， as in， "Seahawks fans are currently BIRGING up a storm．" The counterpoint， as coined by researchers C．R． Snyder， Mary Anne Lassergard and Carol E， Ford， is the concept of CORFing Cutting Off Reflected Failure． （4） ． We've all heard it in action： We won， but they lost．
This leads into another concept， that of cognitive bias， also known as confirmation bias， which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors， such as referees． I'm sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview， rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest． It could also explain the notion of "eustress"， invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria （极度愉快的心情） and stress， such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events． Indeed， it's much of the appeal．
阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.
Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.
Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.
Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.
Title:
| A(n) |
◆Look ◆Give combining concepts or ◆No one can |
| An obsession |
◆ ◆An unusual idea may come |
| A(n) |
◆A vital element of invention is ◆It may open a new way for exploration. ◆Accidental actions can |
Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.
Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.
Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.
Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.
Title: 1
| A(n) 3 process |
◆Look 2 than we know now. ◆Give combining concepts or 4 elements from different fields. ◆No one can 5 this before. |
| An obsession |
◆ 6 often imagine a new idea. ◆An unusual idea may come 7 . |
| A(n) 8 |
◆A vital element of invention is 9 . ◆It may open a new way for exploration. ◆Accidental actions can 10 to innovation. |
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸（卡）上相应题号的横线上。
When young children are learning to ride a bicycle, they require that their parents hold on to the back of the bike so that they gain confidence and won’t fall off.
However, when children leave to go to college, or get married, parents must accept that their children are riding off into their own future. At this time, parents shouldn’t stand back and with the children gone, they are left with an empty nest. How can parents get through this period of life?
The first thing you should do is nothing at all. You should actually take some time to rest since your child was born. Just relax and reward yourself for the work you put into your child.
Taking some time for yourself will allow you to adjust to the change and figure out how you really feel about your child’s departure (离开). You shouldn’t compare how you feel with how other people feel, as everyone’s experience of an empty nest is different.
Exercise is a great mood lifter. A physical fitness program may have been one of the first sacrifices (牺牲) you made when your child came along; now, with fewer duties, you’ll have time to hit the gym regularly. If you have a friend who also has become an empty nester recently, you may have found a new companion. Not only will you get the chance to share dealing with tips, you’ll also create social opportunities for yourself, which will get you out of that empty house if you need to.
We all have those things that we say we’ll do or learn “someday”. If you’re an empty nester, the “someday” might just be now.
If you’re not sure exactly what to do in all your spare time, take your time and think about it. It will, however, probably be easier to figure out your dream when you’re out. Try exploring a nearby museum or attraction you’ve never visited.
Many parents may fear an empty nest because they worry that their little birds have flown away forever. Try setting up a regular phone date with your child. A once-a-week call may make you feel satisfied while giving your child a reasonable degree of freedom.
| Phenomenon |
★Young children need the help of parents to make them feel confident. ★Children will leave home after growing up and parents will feel |
|
adjust to an empty nest |
★Do nothing but rest. ★Take time to adjust to the change and to figure out your |
|
| Take |
★You can have ★You can develop new |
|
| Follow your dream |
★You get a ★It will be easier to figure out your dream when you are out of the house. |
|
| Set a time for communication |
★ ★Give your child enough |
One of the most well-known directors of our time is Stephen Spielberg. He was born in Cincinnati on 18 December 1946. His father was an electric engineer and his mother was a performing pianist. His sister, Anne Spielberg, became a screenwriter who wrote the stories for many famous films.
Stephen had always wanted to be a director ever since he was a young boy. When he was just 13 years old, he made a 40-minute film. It won a local competition. Three years later, he produced a film called Firelight, which made one hundred dollars’ profit at the cinema in his hometown. Many of the ideas from this film were later used for one of his most famous films called Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
When he was 18 years old, he wanted to go to film school so that he could improve his skills and become an even better director. Unluckily, he was unsuccessful in getting a place at this school so he went to a university in California to study English. Even though he had failed to get into the school he wanted to go to, he didn’t let this stop him following his dream to become a great director.
Stephen Spielberg has directed many films since his first major film in 1976. He now owns many different businesses, most of which are involved in the film industry.
| Year |
What happened |
| 1946 |
Stephen Spielberg 1 2 in Cincinnati. |
| 1959 |
Stephen Spielberg made a 3 film and it 4 a local competition. |
| 1962 |
Stephen Spielberg produced a film called 5 , from which many 6 were later used for Close Encounters of the Third Kind. |
| _7 |
Though he 8 to get into the film school he wanted to go to, Stephen Spielberg didn’t give up his dream to become a great director. |
| 1976 |
Stephen Spielberg 9_ his 10 major film. |
请仔细阅读下列文章，并根据所读内容在文章后的表格中的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上，每空只填一个单词。
When difficult people expresses themselves orally, they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.
The first step is cooperating. How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? In fact, it’s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement, making certain sounds of understanding.
When the person begins to repeat what’s been said, it’s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you’ve listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.
Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying. At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask same open-ended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.
The fourth step is to summarize what you’ve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person the same page. When you do this, two things happen. First, if you’ve missed something, he can fill in the details. Second you’ve shown that you’re making an effort to understand completely. This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully, you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.
Then enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.
| Listen to understand |
|
| Reason |
Difficult people hope they have been heard and |
| ◆ ◆Repeat some ◆Collect information about the person’s expressions and find his ◆Give a ◆Confirm that the person gains |
|
| Result |
A difficult person will be |
| You may unlock the doors to difficult people’s minds after you listen and understand. |
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