In 1988,Wang Chengbang retired(退休)from the army.Instead of enjoying a relaxing life,he volunteered to save the soil from desertification(沙漠化)by planting trees in Korla,Xinjiang.
It is no easy job.The high temperature in Korla makes it difficult for anyone to work day after day in the sunshine.Besides,water is a big problem.In fact,Wang Chengbang's work in the first few years failed as very few trees survived(存活).
But Wang Chengbang would not give up."After trying many different ways,I have learned how to grow young trees in a better way," said Wang Chengbang.He also worked out new ways to save water.With his hard work,more and more trees have survived.So far,he has planted more than 1.5 million trees.Those green trees prevent desertification,make the air cleaner and protect people from the hot sun.Now,Korla is a model city in environmental protection.
Wang Chengbang is also successful in fighting cancer(癌症).In 2005,he had cancer and was told that he had only six months to live.However,he continued taking care of his trees rather than lying on the hospital bed."Working is the best medicine.Planting trees helps to fight cancer," he often jokes.
Now,at the age of 85,Wang Chengbang is still working.
(1)Is it an easy job for Wang Chengbang to plant trees?
(2)How many trees has Wang Chengbang planted so far?
(3)What is Wang Chengbang successful in?
(4)In the summer holiday,do you want to be a volunteer to work with Wang Chengbang?Why or why not?
Every year,tens of thousands of kids aged 3 to 13 become Junior Rangers in different national parks across America.At Yosemite alone,more than 20,000 kids take part in the Yosemite Junior Ranger Program.If you want to be a Junior Ranger,you need to learn about the natural and cultural history .and make a promise to be a national park protector.
Here Is How YOU Can Become a Junior Ranger!
Earn yourself an official Junior Ranger Badge!You could become a Yosemite's Junior Ranger today by completing the following steps:
• Buy your Junior Ranger Handbook in the nearest Visitor Center.
• Complete the pages in the handbook.
• Pick up rubbish.
• Attend a Guided Program.
• Return your completed handbook and a bag of rubbish to the Visitor Center.
• Make your official Junior Ranger Promise at a ceremony.
• Get your official Junior Ranger Badge.
After you become a Junior Ranger,you are encouraged to share your ranger stories with your friends,teachers and families.
(1)Who can become Junior Rangers?
A. |
Children. |
B. |
Parents. |
C. |
Teachers. |
D. |
Officers. |
(2)What should Junior Rangers promise to do?
A. |
Read the handbook. |
B. |
Learn American history. |
C. |
Share ranger stories. |
D. |
Protect the national parks. |
(3)Before getting Yosemite's Junior Ranger Badges,they should complete .
A. |
four steps |
B. |
five steps |
C. |
six steps |
D. |
seven steps |
The Youth Climate Summit(气候峰会) a week﹣long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK,starts on 9 November.It aims to create a fairer,more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet.Climate change is the long﹣term changes in the world's weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. "Unlike world leaders, "say the summit's organizers. "young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan. "
Each day has a topic,which includes food and fashion,looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet.Organizations are leading some on line activities.For example,the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish.Separately,the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn﹣out clothing into something new and wearable.
The summit will finish on 13 November,when youth ambassadors(大使)wants schools to stop paper waste.Max,another 16﹣year﹣old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature.As part of the summit,hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let's Go Zero activity,aiming to become carbon﹣zero(零碳的)by 2030.
Carbon﹣zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas,including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste.The activity is run by Ashden,a charity working towards climate solutions.Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods.It is also calling on the Government to back the promise.Head over to transform﹣our﹣world.org where you can find out more.
(1)The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by .
A. |
telling stories |
B. |
comparing facts |
C. |
giving examples |
D. |
listing numbers |
(2)Max advises schools to .
A. |
recycle and reuse old clothes |
B. |
prevent students from wasting paper |
C. |
have meetings on saving endangered sea fish |
D. |
provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature |
(3)The underlined word " emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to" ".
A. |
using up |
B. |
taking in |
C. |
sending out |
D. |
cutting down |
(4)The purpose of the passage is mainly to .
A. |
explain the problems with climate change |
B. |
develop children's ability to solve social problems |
C. |
introduce the environmental organizations to schools |
D. |
encourage young people to care more about climate change |
Do video games do harm to our children?Today,many children spend a lot of their free time playing games on the Internet.In the UK,99%of kids aged8 to 15 play video games every week.This information tells us that the benefits and dangers of video games must be carefully considered.
For many people,video games are fun.They have bright lights,funny cartoons and exciting stories.Everywhere you look,you can see children playing these games.They play on buses and trains,in restaurants and even at school.
Video games are educational too.They make kids think in a creative way and theyhave to move their hands and eyes quickly.This can improve the way that a child's brain works.What's more,video games make children use their imagination.The player has to do many creative things,like drawing,telling stories and building things.Video games are also a good way to teach children about technology because they can learn how computers and other devices work while they play.
However,a recent study suggests that video games can also be bad for children.First,children can download many games for free.This means that parents often don't know if their children are playing violent or scary games.Second,many children spend too much time playing games on computers and this can lead to health problems.Third,if children spend too much time playing games instead of doing homework,they can have problems at school and get bad grades.Finally,video games can affect children's social skills.If children spend too much time playing video games by themselves,they might not learn how to play with their friends.
In conclusion,it seems clear that video games have some advantages and some disadvantages.It is up to parents to know what games their children are playing and how much time they spend on them.Parents should also make sure their children get enough exercise and spend time with other children.
(1)The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refers to .
A. |
kids |
B. |
computers |
C. |
video games |
D. |
playmates |
(2)Which disadvantages of video games are mentioned in the passage?
a.Result in bad grades.
b.Make kids feel bored.
c.Lead to health problems.
d.Affect children's social skills.
e.Cause problems between parents and kids.
A. |
c,d,e |
B. |
b,d,e |
C. |
a,c,d |
D. |
a,b,c |
(3)In the writer's opinion, should play an important role in video games play for kids.
A. |
family |
B. |
society |
C. |
schools |
D. |
game companies |
(4)What's the structure of the passage?
A. |
|
B. |
|
C. |
|
D. |
|
People didn't pay much attention to their health in the past,but now more and more people try to make sure that they are healthy.(1)
Do exercise every day.There are many ways to do exercise in daily life.(2) Some people think that doing simple things like cleaning the house is helpful.Other people think that doing exercise such as running or playing ball games is good.
Eat healthy food.It is good for your health to eat healthy food.You should eat more vegetables and fruits but less junk food every day. (3)
(4) Today many people have stress (压力)in their life,but we should try to relax ourselves.In fact,you can never keep yourself away from stress in life. (5) So you need to know the reason for the stress and find ways to feel better.Thinking about things in an active way can also reduce stress.Try to live for now,and don't worry about the future.
A.Pick up a hobby.
B.It is always with you.
C.Learn to relax yourself.
D.It's bad for your health to sit for a long time.
E.Now let me tell you some ways to keep healthy.
F.People have different ideas about ways to exercise.
G Healthy food plays an important role in a strong body.
I travel a lot.Each month,I pack up my suitcase to hit the road,whether it could be by plane,train,or automobile.I always find myself with the same problem—how to stay healthy while traveling? (1)
1.Move around.
Though only about 1 in 4,500 airplane passengers develop a blood clot(血块),you should still make efforts to move around on the plane,just standing in the aisle or by taking a walk to the toilet.Have a layover(中途停留)?Instead of sitting,make sure to walk around the airport.Taking a road trip?Make plenty of stops to move around.(2) Whether it is working out at your hotel,taking hikes,or giving up public transport to walk,you'll feel much better if you get in some activity.
2.Prepare snacks smartly.
(3) Though these seem like a convenient choice,they're not the healthiest.I like to pack snacks that are within my calorie budget for the day and 100 calories or under each.When traveling and buying food,I try to choose fresh fruit and vegetables.Is fast food the only choice if you're very hungry?Stick to something simple and whatever you do,don't supersize.
3. (4)
Because of low humidity on planes,many of us can find ourselves feeling thirstier than ever.Drink more water.Make sure when traveling on day trips to carry water with you at all times. (5) As a result,you will eat more healthily throughout the day.
A.Eat,eat,eat. B.Drink,drink,drink. C.Here are some practical tips. D.Once you get to your location,don't forget to do exercise. E.Water will also help you to be able to stay full between meals. F.While at the airport or on road trips,you'll pass countless fast restaurants. |
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags.More and more businesses are turning to paper products as a choice.Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic.However,it,too,is harmful to the environment.
Firstly,paper bags and straws are made from trees.Trees,as you know,can reduce (减少) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. Theycan slow down climate (气候) change.An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
Secondly,products made from paper require more energy and water.About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one.You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water.This seems to be a good idea.However,it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process than to make a brand new paper bag.Products made from recycled paper are also often short﹣lived.
Thirdly,paper products are heavier than plastic ones.That means they require more oil to transport.Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags,while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.The increased weight also leads to a large amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose﹣lose for both the environment and businesses.They are more expensive than plastic products.A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents,while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment﹣friendly solution is to avoid single﹣use products altogether.Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again.They are much better than either paper products or plastic products.Through increasing the use of these products,you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our Earth a greener place!
(1)What does the underlined word " They" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. |
Plastic products. |
B. |
Trees. |
C. |
Paper products. |
D. |
Businesses. |
(2)Compared with transporting two million plastic bags,transporting two million paper bags requires .
A. |
fewer trucks |
B. |
six more trucks |
C. |
twice as many trucks |
D. |
the same number of trucks |
(3)The writer compared the price of a paper straw and that of a plastic straw to show that .
A. |
paper products are not a good choice for businesses |
B. |
it is difficult for all businesses to turn to paper products |
C. |
most people believe paper products are better than plastic ones |
D. |
paper products are as harmful to the environment as plastic ones |
(4)By writing this article,the writer mainly wanted to .
①compare plastic products with paper ones
②correct people's wrong ideas about paper products
③suggest people use reusable products like steel straws
④list the advantages and disadvantages of using paper products
A. |
①② |
B. |
③④ |
C. |
①④ |
D. |
②③ |
If your pencil box is broken,the batteries(电池)in your flashlights run out,or you have some leftover food,how will you deal with these things?You will probably throw them all into one rubbish bin.But actually,we need to sort(分类)all the rubbish separately.If you don't sort your rubbish,all of it will go to a special place where it is buried(埋藏)together.As a result,it will take up some fields.Some rubbish will pollute the groundwater.Some rubbish that can be reused will be wasted.
In recent years,some Chinese cities have been working hard on rubbish sorting.
Shanghai has called on all the people living in this city to sort their rubbish into four groups:wet,recyclable,harmful and dry.Wet waste is known as household waste.They are things you don't want but pigs can eat.Paper,metal,glass,plastic and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste.Harmful waste includes thins like medicine,batteries.Finally,any waste that is not wet,recyclable or harmful will go to the "dry waste" bin.
Many other Chinese cities are also using this way to sort their rubbish.For example,Deyang has been sorting its rubbish into the same four groups since several years ago.Students in Deyang have already received waste﹣sorting guidebooks.They have studied these books and known how to sort the rubbish.
China is now improving its waste﹣sorting efforts.There is still a long way to go.But it's never too late to learn how to sort your rubbish rightly.We should take an active part in it.
(1)How many bad results will there be if all the rubbish is buried together?
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.
(2)What does the underlined phrase "take up" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.处理
B.改变
C.占用
D.从事
(3)Which of the following is harmful waste?
A.Metal.
B.Paper.
C.Medicine.
D.Glass.
(4)What can we learn from the passage?
A.Students in Deyang have known how to sort the rubbish.
B.Paper and metal can be thrown into a "dry waste" bin.
C.The whole world is working hard on rubbish sorting.
D.China has already succeeded in sorting the rubbish.
Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class?Maybe you would say it is because the teacher's class is boring. (1) Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.
Purpose of sleep
(2) Sleep helps our body heal(修复),grow,and stay healthy.It also gives us energy,so we can be active all day.Doctors and health scientists say:When you close your eyes and need t rest,sleep is just the very best!This is more than advice.
Sleep time
Enough sleep is important to us.How much sleep do we need?New﹣born babies sleep most of the time.They can sleep 20﹣22 hours a day.Children need 10﹣12 hours of sleep a day.Teenagers need 8﹣ 10 hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult(成人的)bodies.Grown﹣ups usually need 6﹣8 hours of sleep to keep active.
(3) That is why old people sleep less than young people.
Interesting facts
Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep,but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. (4) More surprisingly,some may even get up in their dreams and walk around.This is called "sleepwalking".Are you a sleepwalker?Or,is there a sleepwalker around you?
(5)
It's not just people that love to snooze(打盹).In fact,many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits.Some animals,such as bears and hedgehogs,sleep all through winter.The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies!Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day.Giraffes don't need much sleep at all.They usually sleep standing up.
A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep? C.Some people talk in their dreams. D.However,the real reason is probably that we don't have enough sleep. E.The older you get,the less sleep you will need. F.Some people never dream while they sleep. G.Clever animals |
Look at the Earth from.space.Why does our planet look so blue?Its blue because water covers almost three quarters of the Earth's surface.Water is not just an important part of our planet.It is an important part of our body,too.More than half of our total body weight is water.
Our body loses water whenever we exercise or.go to the toilet.That's why we need to drink plenty of water every day.We drink water.We use it to cook,clean,and carry waste out of our homes.Farmers use it to grow vegetables and crops like rice and corn;factories use it to make products.
Since the 1950s,the amount(数量)of water people use has increased by three times.But the water supply(供应)hasn't.Scientists worry that soon there won't be enough water for us,as well as for the animals and plants that share our world.What can we do to help?Use water wisely.
Having enough water isn't our only problem. We also need it clean.
Right now,ships and factories are putting wastes into seas,rivers and so on.Even chemicals that farmers use are running into rivers and lakes.All this pollution can make the water dangerous to drink.It can also harm fish and other water﹣living lives.
We must do something to stop pollution.It's the best way to protect our world's most valuable natural resource(资源).
(1)How many important areas of water are mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.Three.
D.Four.
(2)The underlined sentence "We also need it clean" in Paragraph 4 means" ."
A.We also need water to wash things
B.We also need water that looks clean
C.We also need to keep water clean
D.We also need to discover clean water
(3)This passage was written to .
A.ask people to value water
B.advise people to drink more water
C.introduce the uses of water
D.describe the situation of water supply
When you have a cold,your friends can't visit you because they don't want to get a cold.When you are part of a family,if one of you gets a cold,often all of you get it.
(1) .Below are four ways to help stop a cold spreading and to feel better again.
●Wash your hands.
Washing your hands is the most important way to stop the spread of colds.Cold germs (病菌) are spread by touch.The germs get onto your hands and from there into your eyes,nose and mouth.Wash your hands carefully using soap and hot water.(2) ,they will be much less likely to get the cold.
●Cover your nose and mouth.
There is a saying that "coughs and sneezes spread illness". (3) when coughing and your nose if sneezing.That way,the cold germs won't get onto your hands and spread to things you touch such as doorknobs,tap handles or cups and plates.
●(4) .
Cold germs are spread very easily.You can use a disinfectant (消毒的) cleaner to clean doorknobs,taps,toilet handles.Be sure to use only your own towel,toothbrush and cup.
●Take care of yourself.
(5) .Eat healthy simple foods such as soup or rice.Get enough rest and sleep.Stay in bed,read a book.Do your schoolwork and practice your English!
Remember that a common cold only lasts a few days.You will feel better soon.
A.Some cold medicines can help stop aches and fever
B.Cold germs can be spread by coughing and sneezing
C.If all the members of your family wash their hands too
D.Always use a piece of soft paper to cover your mouth
E.When you wash your hands every half an hour
F.Clean your house
G.There is no good method of treating the common cold
Here at Nature Loving Kids,we know how much you want to make a positive(积极的)difference to our world!So,read on to find out how to protect our earth…
Save energy and water! - On a fine and clear day,hang things outside to dry!This saves energy that would have been used on the dryer(烘干机). - If you can,try cycling,walking,or using public transport to get out and about,instead of using the car. - Turn the taps(水龙头)off while brushing your teeth,and take short showers of four minutes or less! |
Be an advocate(倡导者)! - Share your knowledge with others,and help them become eco﹣heroes too!It takes lots of people working together to make changes happen - so share,share,share! |
Reduce,reuse,recycle! - Before you throw something away,stop and think about what else it could be used for! |
Be friendly to wildlife! - Make your garden wildlife﹣friendly!You could build a bee hotel,or even create a pool. - If you own a cat that goes outdoors,put a bell around its neck so that vulnerablewildlife can hear it coming and make their escape! |
What else can you do to make the world better?
Now,get out there and save the world - you can do it!
(1)To save energy or water,you'd better .
A. |
dry things in the sun |
B. |
drive a car to work |
C. |
take long showers |
D. |
brush teeth with water running |
(2)To call on more people to work together,you should .
A. |
save energy and water |
B. |
be an advocate |
C. |
reduce,reuse and recycle |
D. |
be friendly to wildlife |
(3)What does the underlined word " vulnerable" mean in Chinese?
A. |
野生的. |
B. |
家养的. |
C. |
强壮的. |
D. |
弱小的. |
(4)The purpose of the passage is to .
A. |
help the kids learn English |
B. |
help people learn more about kids |
C. |
teach kids how to keep animals |
D. |
tell the kids how to protect the earth |
(5)This passage is from .
A. |
a guidebook |
B. |
a science book |
C. |
a website |
D. |
a newspaper |
Isn't fast food delicious?Aren't fast food restaurants cool? ...The answer to these questions is yes.
However,there are growing facts that fast food is one of the worst parts of modern life.And studies have shown that burgers and fried chicken,which we enjoy so much,can cause a lot of health problems.
In spite of (尽管) this,why are fast food restaurants so attractive(吸引人的)?The first and most important reason is that their service is fast.Their staff(员工)are friendly and very smart﹣looking in their clean and bright uniforms(制服).Moreover,most fast food restaurants are near places that people always pass by.It is so easy to graba burger and eat on the way to work.
Fast food is often so conveniently packed(包装方便)that it will not cause a mess even if you stand and eat it.Fast food restaurants are also very clean.A lot of clever ads(广告)have made them the coolest places in town,but none of them has ever told and will never tell you that too much fast food is not good for your health.
Such attractive places are selling junk food!Isn't it a pity?Is there a way to change the fast food restaurants into special places where you get the best possible,healthy and fresh food?
Well,why not?
As people realize the health problems that fast food causes,it is quite likely that fast food restaurants may go out of date.It may happen sooner or later.
Therefore,instead of resisting(抵制)fast food restaurants,a better idea may be to persuade(说服)them to change their menu!Fast food restaurants can be places to go to when you want to eat something that will be good for your body.If they could combine(结合)healthy food with their speed of service,delicious tastes and comfortable feelings,that will be the next best thing on the earth for the human beings!
(1)What does " this" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. |
Fast food is delicious. |
B. |
Fast food restaurants are cool. |
C. |
People enjoy fast food. |
D. |
Fast food can cause health problems. |
(2)Fast food has many advantages EXCEPT that it's .
A. |
delicious |
B. |
fast |
C. |
healthy |
D. |
unhealthy |
(3)Which word can replace the word " grab" in Paragraph 3?
A. |
move suddenly. |
B. |
get quickly. |
C. |
throw quickly. |
D. |
carry carefully. |
(4)According to the passage,ads about fast food .
A. |
show you all the facts |
B. |
don't tell you the whole truth |
C. |
make it hard to buy fast food |
D. |
make fast food restaurants out of date |
(5)The author advises .
A. |
making the service of fast food faster |
B. |
resisting fast food restaurants |
C. |
changing tastes of fast food |
D. |
making fast food good for health |
More children in China are putting on weight.In 2018,16 percent of Chinese children were overweight,according to the National Health Commission(NHC).
Being too fat is bad for children' s health.According to the World Health Organization (WHO),overweight children are more likely to develop diseases like diabetes(糖尿病) at a younger age.This can lead to a higher chance of earlier death.
On Oct 23rd,the NHC,together with five other national departments,worked out a plan.The plan aims to reduce the growth of fatness among children aged 0﹣18 years by 70 percent from 2020 to 2030,Xinhua reported.
Kids are putting on weight because of changes in their diet and lifestyle,according to experts.Too much schoolwork and greater use of electronic devices( 电子产品) could also be a cause.
According to the plan,teachers should not allow their classes to run too late or too early.They should make sure that students have breaks and enough physical(躯体上的) activity.School students should have at least three hours of active physical activity each week.
Parents should reduce their children's use of electronic devices and stop their children from eating foods that are high in sugar,fat and salt.
(1)According to the WHO,we know .
A. |
16% of Chinese children were overweight in 2018 |
B. |
Being too fat is good for children's health |
C. |
Overweight children are more likely to develop diseases |
D. |
Fatness can lead to a higher chance of long life |
(2)Which one is NOT experts' opinion?
A. |
We should reduce the growth of fatness among adults. |
B. |
Changing in children's diet and lifestyle leads to being too fat. |
C. |
Too much schoolwork maybe leads to being too fat. |
D. |
Greater use of electronic devices could cause children to put on weight. |
(3)School students should have active physical activity for .
A. |
three hours a day |
B. |
more than three hours every day |
C. |
at least three hours each week |
D. |
less than three hours each month |
(4)What's the main idea of the passage?
A. |
Overweight isn't a problem. |
B. |
Say no to children's getting too fat. |
C. |
Putting on weight is necessary for the kids. |
D. |
Teachers should not allow their classes to run too late. |
The world is getting warmer.Human activity is the main reason for this,the United Nations (UN) said.For example,people use fossil fuels (化石燃料)like coal and oil.They give off a lot of greenhouse gases (温室气体)(especially CO 2) into the air.This warms the earth.
As a result,many animals are dying out, (A)______ as penguins (企鹅)and polar bears.It will soon make a difference to us as well. (D) Sea levels will rise and many cities along the sea will disappear.
To fight climate change,countries around the world need to work together.China is now taking the lead.It has set new goals to deal (B)______ this problem.It will bring its total greenhouse gas emissions (排放)to a peak (峰值)before 2030. (C) Itwill also achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和)before 2060,Xinhua reported.
Being carbon neutral means taking away the same amount of CO 2from the air as you put into it.It was set as an initiative (倡议)by the UN in 2015.
There are two ways to get to carbon neutrality.One is to plant more trees to absorb (吸收) the emitted (排放的)CO 2.The other is to stop CO 2emissions altogether by using non﹣fossil(非化石)fuels.Examples of these fuels include electricity and wind energy.
Over 20 countries and regions have carbon neutrality goals.Most of them will plant more trees.So will China.If China can realize its goal,it will lower global (全球的)warming by around 0.2°C to 0.3°C alone,according to Climate Action Tracker (气候行动追踪组织).
(1)在文中(A)和(B)的空白处分别填入适当的词:
(2)文中划线部分(C)指代的是:
(3)将文中划线部分(D)改写为:
Sea levels will rise and cities along the sea will disappear.
(4)从文中找出两种非化石燃料能源的名词或名词短语:
(5)从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的名词短语: