A new study finds that plants communicate with one another to warn of danger.
We often consider plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move; they don’t make sounds, they don’t seem to act on anything. But as is often the case, plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years, scientists have reported that different types of plants, from trees to tomatoes, give out chemicals into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings can spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation(虫害), so other plants can protect themselves. But how plants receive and act on many of the information exactly is still mysterious.
In this week’s Science Magazine, researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They have found out one chemical message and traced it all the way from beginning to end.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest(害虫). To start out, they grew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子). One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind. The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露) to the pest. The results showed that plants near sick neighbors before were able to protect themselves better against the pest.
They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants. The chemical is called HexVic. The scientists discovered where HexVic come from, and put it over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to produce HexVic. Researchers made sure that uninfested plants could fight off bugs and diseases. How do they know when to protect themselves? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is not a simple story, and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes. It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. In a word, we know that plants not only communicate, but also look out for one another.
The underlined “traced” in the fourth paragraph probably means _________ here.
| A．reported | B．followed |
| C．doubted | D．developed |
For scientists, which are the right steps to watch tomato plants infested by a pest?
① Place the infested plant upwind.
② Place the uninfested plant downwind.
③ Expose the downwind plants to the pest.
④ Grow plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube.
| A．③①②④ | B．①④③② |
| C．④①②③ | D．④②①③ |
You can put the sentence “The researches also studied leaves from exposed plants and unexposed plants.” At the beginning of
| A．Paragraph 3 | B．Paragraph 4 |
| C．Paragraph 5 | D．Paragraph 6 |
Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
| A．Communicating Plants and Terrible Diseases |
| B．Talking Plants and Friendly Warnings |
| C．Protecting Plants and Clear Information |
| D．Growing Plants and Mysterious Chemicals |
What do people do with their old, out-of-date but still useful computers? Most people don’t know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish.
Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products（产品）. Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers.
In some countries, laws（法规）are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade（升级）.
Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations（组织）are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers.
The computers then go to schools, charities（慈善团体）and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish into someone else’s useful things—and cut down on waste, too.What do many people do with old computers?
| A．They repair them. | B．They sell them. |
| C．They send them to others. | D．They stop using them. |
How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph？
| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
According tothe laws in some countries, computer companies must .
| A．collect and recycle most of their products | B．collect all their used products |
| C．repair and upgrade old computers | D．make more cheaper computers |
What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?
| A．Help the computer companies to collect them. |
| B．Repair and send them to those who need them. |
| C．Help people to learn to use them. |
| D．Turn rubbish into useful things. |
What is the main idea of this passage?
| A．Repairing old computers. | B．Encouraging to make cheap computers |
| C．Recycling old computers. | D．Helping those who need computers. |
IQ（intelligence quotient智商）is a score that shows a person’s level of intelligence.
People used to believe that some people are born with a high IQ and some aren’t.
32 , a study by scientist at University College London has challenged（挑战）this idea. According to an article last October on the Journal Nature, scientists are beginning to think that our IQ is not a constant（不变的）score.
The scientists tested 33 healthy young people in 2004 between the ages of 12 and 16. Then they did tests again four years later, when the same people were between 16 and 20.
Scientists found big changes in the IQ scores between 2008 and 2004. Some 33 and some fell 34 as many as 21 points.
To test whether these scores were meaningful, the scientists compared them with results from brain scans（扫描）. They found that the IQ changes matched changes in the structure（结构）of the subjects’ brains. “A change in 20 points is a huge 35 ,” said Professor Cathy Price, who led the research. He said it could mean the difference between an average and a 36 person. The team has not found a clear cause for these changes. However, they say it is 37 that education plays a role in changing IQ.
“Here we have shown that children’s 38 is likely to be still developing, ” says Price. “We have to be careful not to write off 39 performers at an early stage. In fact, their IQ may improve in a few more years. ”
A．And B．However C．Besides D．Though
A．rise B．rose C．raise D．raised
A．of B．with C．by D．from
A．difference B．matter C．thing D．meaning
A．successful B．gifted C．able D．rich
A．natural B．true C．certain D．possible
A．score B．intelligence C．skill D．interest
A．clever B．prettier C．nicer D．poorer
Do you to write with your left hand? If you do, you are one of the millions of “lefties” in the world. Why do some people use left hand more often than others? To understand left-handedness, it is necessary to look at the . The brain is divided into two hemispheres（半球）. The left hemisphere is the center of language and logical thinking. This is where they do their math problems and memorize words. However, the hemisphere controls how they understand ideas and they respond（作出反应） to the five senses—sight, hearing, , taste, and touch. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, the right hemisphere controls the left side. Both sides of the body receive the information from the brain because they are connected(联系). In right-handed people, the left hemisphere is stronger. In left-handed people, the right hemisphere is .
Lefties prefer not only the left hand but also the left . They would rather use the left foot to kick a ball because their whole body is “left-handed”.
From Newtown Albert Einstein, Wen Jiabao to Obama, Choplin to Zhao Benshan, many people are left-handed. Are you left-handed even though you are forced to write with your right hand? Don’t worry if you are, you are in good company.A. enjoy B. prefer C. want
A. Body B. hands C. brain
A. right B. left C. middle
A. how B. what C. why
A. action B. thinking C. smell
A. although B. while C. or
A. same B. different C. difficult
A. weaker B. bigger C. stronger
A. head B. ear C. foot
A. interesting B. famous C. honest
Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was ___ to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou(北美驯鹿)? Do they kill people?
They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to ____ . The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves.
People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was ____. He had his gun with him___ .
Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.
Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very ____ mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to ____ food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf ____ the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his ____ any more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were ____. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.
Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to ____ them and not to kill them.
A．seen B．told C．heard D．found
A．a small town B．a big city C．a far place D．a lonely village
A．afraid B．happy C．angry D．tired
A．at times B．all the time C．once a week D．every afternoon
A．bad B．good C．hungry D．thirsty
A．cook B．make C．get D．pick
A．shouted at B．looked into C．laughed at D．played with
A．food B．clothes C．gun D．plane
A．not good B．not true C．not easy D．not clear
A．grow B．have C．teach D．understand
Cycling—means riding a bike, is now popular among children from across the UK. Children like to go to school or go traveling for a short journey. It can help money in petrol(汽油) cost.
With petrol price rising(上涨), families in the UK are trying to ways to make the cost less in petrol. So the parents encourage(鼓励) their to ride bikes to school. They say a child keep cycling to school all the year round, a family can save about ￡300 in petrol cost.
Also, cycling to school is good for children’s . It can make them become healthier and their studies at school. “ cycling to school every day, we become fitter, smarter and better learners，”a student called Tommy said confidently.
“It’s great to see more people cycling, and I smile when I see a child on a bike. Many kids want to cycle, we should make it easy and safe for them to get around by bike and keep healthy，”another student, Mark said.
A．running B．riding C．driving D．walking
A．save B．raise C．spend D．make
A．think B．care for C．look after D．look for
A．children B．friends C．families D．neighbors
A．whether B．or C．what D．if
A．health B．mind C．mood D．feeling
A．improve B．change C．affect D．solve
A．In B．By C．For D．With
A．only B．never C．seldom D．always
A．and B．but C．so D．or
Did you feel it was warmer than before?
“There have been twenty-one ___winters in China since 1986,” said scientists. “ ___the past 100 years, as the world temperature has been up by 0.74 °C , the temperature in North China has _____1.4 °C in only 50 years.”
China needs to take quick actions to _____carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) emission (排放) because it’s the main reason for world warming. The good news is that China has seen the importance of going____. China sets the goal of cutting energy use by 20% and pollution emission by 10% in the 11th ____ Plan.
Here is some advice for you.
Wearing used clothes such as your brother’s, sister’s or dad’s old T-shirts means you ___ energy; And don’t forget____ the lights when you leave a room and turn off your television and computer when they are not____! Besides, taking a bus saves a lot of oil every year. Also open a window and try not to use the air conditioner (空调). If necessary, set the temperature ____in summer and lower in winter to save energy; It isn’t good to use paper cups, bags or boxes in our daily life.
A．cool B．hot C．cold D．warm
A．during B．for C．since D．after
A．climbed B．went C．arrived D．got
A．increase B．improve C．cut D．break
A．yellow B．green C．black D．blue
A．Five-Year B．Five--Years C．five years D．five year
A．use B．find C．save D．keep
A．to turn on B．to turn off C．to turn up D．to turn over
A．in use B．on business C．at present D．for fun
A．stronger B．higher C．taller D．quicker
A group of frogs were traveling through the woods. Unluckily, two of them fell into a hole. When the other frogs saw how ___the hole was, they told the two frogs that they were as good as dead. The two frogs didn’t ___ them and tried to jump out of the hole with all their might. The other frogs kept telling them to ____. Finally, one of the frogs believed what the other frogs were saying and___. He fell down and died. The other frog continued to jump as___ as he could. Once again, the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the pain and just die. He jumped even harder and ___made it out. When he got out, the other frogs said,” Didn’t you ____ us?” The frog explained to them that he was__. He thought that they were____ him all the time.
This story teaches us two_ _:
There is power of life and death in ___. An encouraging word to someone who is___ can lift him /her up and help him/her make it____ the day.
A destructive(破坏性的) word to someone who is unhappy can be what it takes to ___ them.
Be careful of what you say. Speak life to these who cross your path . It is sometimes ___ to understand that an encouraging word can go such a long way. Remember, anyone can say words that can encourage another person to continued his/her way in difficult times.
A．wet B．round C．far D．deep
A．listen to B．look forward to C．move to D．turn to
A．leave B．jump C．try D．stop
A．broke up B．showed up C．gave up D．looked up
A．fast B．far C．gladly D．hard
A．quickly B．finally C．slowly D．possibly
A．hear B．see C．need D．know
A．cheerful B．great C．deaf D．surprised
A．laughing B．greeting C．frightening D．encouraging
A．example B．lessons C．sayings D．ways
A．lies B．stories C．words D．books
A．down B．relaxed C．bored D．angry
A．on B．around C．into D．through
A．help B．kill C．surprise D．hurt
A．easy B．strange C．hard D．surprising
完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分；满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In the middle of a forest there was a little tree standing among many big trees. He was very at not being as big as the others. When the birds flew into the forest and their houses, he used to say to hem, “Come and have a rest in my body!” But the birds always said, “Oh, no. You’re too small!” The worst part was when people came to choose trees, they would pass him by he was too small. The other trees said that when they were taken away by people, they might be the mast (桅杆) of a large ship, go far away from the , and see many wonderful things; or they become part of a fine house in a great city, and experience life there. All these were just dreams to the little tree.
One cold morning, some people came searching the forest. “There are that are little enough,” they said.
“Here is one,” said one man. “It’s just the right .” And he chose the little tree.
The little tree was very happy because he knew they were about to take away. Later all kinds of beautiful things were all over him. The children all said, “ beautiful!” “It’s the Christmas tree we’ve ever seen!”
, the little tree knew what he was. He was a Christmas tree! He was just little enough to be the nicest Christmas tree in the world!
A．unhappy B．proud C．nervous D．excited
A．built B．found C．asked D．watched
A．by B．out C．down D．up
A．though B．because C．unless D．so
A．asked for B．welcomed to C．sold into D．made into
A．mountain B．land C．forest D．ocean
A．might B．need C．must D．should
A．summer B．winter C．Spring D．autumn
A．some B．both C．none D．any
A．size B．colour C．price D．taste
A．them B．her C．him D．it
A．hung B．compared C．shared D．taken
A．When B．How C．What D．Which
A．strongest B．nicest C．biggest D．longest
A．Sadly B．Strangely C．Recently D．Finally
完形填空
Hearing is very important to all of us. We can beautiful music, nice songs of birds, the laughter of people or other different kinds of in the world with our ears. we must try to protect our ears. The following will tell you protect ears.
Listening to music a lot can be bad for ears, when headphone(耳机) are used. So the volume(音) when you’re wearing headphones or try not wear headphones. You should give your ear a rest if you like wearing headphones. You should give your ears a rest if you like wearing headphones.
Before swimming, remember earplugs(耳塞) into your ears or wear a swim hat to stop water into your ears. If you are going to a concert, wear earplugs to protect your ears the terrible music! , special earplugs can be made for you if you often go to concerts or if you are a musician. See a doctor if your ears . some medicine if the doctor asks you to do so. the advice above now and you won’t be saying “what? what?” when you are getting .
A．listen B．hear C．listening D．hear of
A．sounds B．noise C．voices D．barks
A．Because B．Although C．So D．But
A．what B．how C．what to D．how to
A．loud B．aloud C．loudly D．quiet
A．specially B．especial C．special D．especially
A．turn to B．turn off C．turn down D．turn up
A．put B．to put C．putting D．to putting
A．get B．to get C．from getting D．with getting
A．for B．from C．with D．at
A．In fast B．In short C．In general D．In a word
A．break B．sick C．ill D．hurt
A．Drink B．Eat C．Take D．Have
A．Listen B．Hear C．Follow D．Fetch
A．young B．old C．sick D．tired
Do you know the reason why we feel tired in the middle of a class？Maybe you would say it is because the teacher's class is boring. （1） Perhaps this is something you have not paid enough attention to or not yet noticed.
Purpose of sleep
（2） Sleep helps our body heal（修复），grow，and stay healthy.It also gives us energy，so we can be active all day.Doctors and health scientists say：When you close your eyes and need t rest，sleep is just the very best!This is more than advice.
Sleep time
Enough sleep is important to us.How much sleep do we need？New﹣born babies sleep most of the time.They can sleep 20﹣22 hours a day.Children need 10﹣12 hours of sleep a day.Teenagers need 8﹣ 10 hours of sleep a day because they need lots of energy to grow into their adult（成人的）bodies.Grown﹣ups usually need 6﹣8 hours of sleep to keep active.
（3） That is why old people sleep less than young people.
Interesting facts
Almost everyone has their dreams while they sleep，but not all of them can tell their dreams clearly when they wake up. （4） More surprisingly，some may even get up in their dreams and walk around.This is called "sleepwalking".Are you a sleepwalker？Or，is there a sleepwalker around you？
（5）
It's not just people that love to snooze（打盹）.In fact，many animals have unusual or surprising sleeping habits.Some animals，such as bears and hedgehogs，sleep all through winter.The swift is a very fast bird that can sleep while it flies!Cute koalas sleep around 18 hours a day.Giraffes don't need much sleep at all.They usually sleep standing up.
A.Sleepy animals B.Why do we need sleep？ C.Some people talk in their dreams. D.However，the real reason is probably that we don't have enough sleep. E.The older you get，the less sleep you will need. F.Some people never dream while they sleep. G.Clever animals |
People didn't pay much attention to their health in the past，but now more and more people try to make sure that they are healthy.（1）
Do exercise every day.There are many ways to do exercise in daily life.（2） Some people think that doing simple things like cleaning the house is helpful.Other people think that doing exercise such as running or playing ball games is good.
Eat healthy food.It is good for your health to eat healthy food.You should eat more vegetables and fruits but less junk food every day. （3）
（4） Today many people have stress （压力）in their life，but we should try to relax ourselves.In fact，you can never keep yourself away from stress in life. （5） So you need to know the reason for the stress and find ways to feel better.Thinking about things in an active way can also reduce stress.Try to live for now，and don't worry about the future.
A.Pick up a hobby.
B.It is always with you.
C.Learn to relax yourself.
D.It's bad for your health to sit for a long time.
E.Now let me tell you some ways to keep healthy.
F.People have different ideas about ways to exercise.
G Healthy food plays an important role in a strong body.
完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Colour helps you see things. But man and some monkeys and apes (猿) are the only mammals (哺乳动物) that can see colour. any other mammals, such as the dog, the world a black-white photo. Dogs hunt mainly by listening and smelling.
Like animals, dogs see best when things move. The animals they hunt seem to know this. A rabbit or deer will freeze when they find that they are being hunted. Then the dog see it at all.
Birds can see colour. They need to, because when they fly, they need to find places to land. Colour helps them know the place is and what it is like so that they are able to catch flying things in the air or to something they think safe.
Some birds see things even than man. The birds that eat bugs (虫子) can see them from far away. And even a very young bird can see a hawk the sky. So good eyes and being able to see colours help birds food and also help them find out there are other animals that are dangerous to them.
A．For B．With C．As D．Before
A．seem like B．looks like C．likes D．like
A．other B．the other C．another D．others
A．may not B．should not C．must not D．need not
A．how soon B．how long C．how fast D．how far
A．land B．land on C．land for D．be landed
A．worse B．nearer C．better D．less
A．for B．from C．on D．at
A．to look at B．look at C．find D．found
A．what B．when C．if D．how
It's very popular to travel in modern life.As travelers，we should try our best to protect the environment.Here is some advice on how to be a green traveler.
◆Make smarter flight choices
Air travel is not an environmentally﹣friendly way to travel because it uses a lot of energy.If you must fly，be sure to pack light to cut down the plane's load.And try to book a non﹣stop fight （预订直达航班）.Connecting fights （转机航班） usually require longer periods of lying and planes will use more energy.
◆Respect （尊重） natural environment
Marked hiking tails （有指示标识的游览步道） are there usually to protect the natural environment and keep wild plants safe.In beach areas，don't use products that are harmful to the sea water and try to protect the ocean's ecosystem.
◆Support locals directly
Buying handmade products and art pieces created by local people can help hand down cultural tradition and create jobs.Food that is grown locally and things that are sold by local families are often better and cheaper，all while helping keep money in local pockets.
◆Find ways to give back
Consider the ways that you can help the local community and give back while traveling.This can be as simple as picking up litter in a park or volunteering to clean up a beach.If you're planning a trip where volunteering is your main goal，make sure you won't take jobs away from local people.
| Some advice on how to be a green traveler |
|
| Make smarter flight choices |
●You can pack light and（1） in order to save time and energy. |
| Respect natural environment |
●The natural environment and wild plants （2） by marked hiking trails. ●Use products （3） harmful ingredients （成分） and try to protect the ocean's ecosystem. |
| （4） |
●Buy local products and food to help hand down cultural tradition and keep money in local pockets. |
| Find ways to give back |
●You can pick up litter in a park or （5） clean up a beach. ●You can't take jobs away from local people. |
The world is getting warmer.Human activity is the main reason for this，the United Nations （UN） said.For example，people use fossil fuels （化石燃料）like coal and oil.They give off a lot of greenhouse gases （温室气体）（especially CO 2） into the air.This warms the earth.
As a result，many animals are dying out， （A）______ as penguins （企鹅）and polar bears.It will soon make a difference to us as well. （D） Sea levels will rise and many cities along the sea will disappear.
To fight climate change，countries around the world need to work together.China is now taking the lead.It has set new goals to deal （B）______ this problem.It will bring its total greenhouse gas emissions （排放）to a peak （峰值）before 2030. （C） Itwill also achieve carbon neutrality （碳中和）before 2060，Xinhua reported.
Being carbon neutral means taking away the same amount of CO 2from the air as you put into it.It was set as an initiative （倡议）by the UN in 2015.
There are two ways to get to carbon neutrality.One is to plant more trees to absorb （吸收） the emitted （排放的）CO 2.The other is to stop CO 2emissions altogether by using non﹣fossil（非化石）fuels.Examples of these fuels include electricity and wind energy.
Over 20 countries and regions have carbon neutrality goals.Most of them will plant more trees.So will China.If China can realize its goal，it will lower global （全球的）warming by around 0.2°C to 0.3°C alone，according to Climate Action Tracker （气候行动追踪组织）.
（1）在文中（A）和（B）的空白处分别填入适当的词：
（2）文中划线部分（C）指代的是：
（3）将文中划线部分（D）改写为：
Sea levels will rise and cities along the sea will disappear.
（4）从文中找出两种非化石燃料能源的名词或名词短语：
（5）从文中找出能说明本文中心大意的名词短语：
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