初中英语阅读理解

Jason is interested in China．He has found some information about Chinese culture．

    The abacus

    The abacus was perhaps the earliest type of computer．People （A） started using it more than 4，000 years ago to do maths．It was used in ancient China，Rome（B） 一些人仍然使用它。

    Kungfu

    "Kungfu" is the popular name given to Chinese martial arts in the West．It refers to a number of different types of fighting that have developed （C） more than hundreds of years in China．These different styles are often called "schools"．One of the most famous schools is the Shaolin School．It comes （D）         the Shaolin Temple at Songshan in Henan Province．

    TCM

    Today when people in the West need medical help，they often choose （E）             "new" kind of medicine that is actually quite old．They choose traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）．

TCM uses many different kinds of treatments．Herbal medicines are used，for example，to help bring balance to people． （F）Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people for thousands of years．People can use Chinese medicine for almost any sickness they have．

（1）写出文中画线部分 （A） 和 （C） 的同义词或近义词： 　      　； 　      　

（2）将文中画线部分 （B） 译成英语： 　      　

（3）在文中 （D） 和 （E） 的空白处填入适当的单词： 　 　      　； 　      　

（4）将文中画线部分 （F） 改写为：Many of the treatments used in TCM have helped people 　      　 thousands of years 　      　．

（5）从文中找出两个与中国文化相关的名词： 　      　； 　      　

We often write short messages to family members，friends or classmates to remind them about something．Short messages are often written clearly in a few words．Here is an example．

18 Sept. Hi Jimmy，     This is to remind you about our basketball game tomorrow evening.     I'll meet you outside the club at 8 p.m. Don't forget to wear your basketball shoes.     See you there!                                                                 Simon

（1）Why do we often write short messages to people？

　                　

（2）What is a short message usually like？

　                　

（3）Who does Simon write the short message to？

　                　

（4）Where will they meet at 8 p.m.？

　                　

（5）Will they have their basketball game on 18 September？

　                　

Do you know that the falcon （猎鹰） is among the fastest animals in the world？It can fly at a speed of about 200 miles per hour．You might think a bird that could fly so fast would be safe from most types of danger．Unfortunately，that is not true．By the 1970s

   In America，a pesticide，a chemical，called DDT was harming the falcon eggs．Luckily，DDT is no longer used．The number of falcons is rising now．

   One unusual thing about falcons is that they like to make their nests （巢） in high places．In nature，they often nest on mountaintops and on the sides of cliffs （悬崖）

   They also like to return to the same nesting place every year．Both the mother and father falcons help to raise the babies．The mother stays more time in the nest．

   The father hunts and brings back food for her and the babies．

   Many people all around the country work very hard to help falcons live to adulthood．There are even video cameras fixed up in many places．This way，people can make sure that the birds and their eggs stay protected．Falcons are lucky to have so many people who keep an eye on them．

（1）What does the underlined word "pesticide" mean in Chinese？ 　 　

A．	流感
B．	杀虫剂
C．	枪支
D．	捕猎网

（2）According to the text，we know that 　 　．

A．	falcons fly so fast that nothing can hurt them
B．	falcons suddenly died out in the year 1970
C．	people can't find falcons' nests in cities
D．	baby falcons are brought up by their parents

（3）What's the author's attitude towards the future of falcons？ 　 　

A．	Nervous．
B．	Hopeful．
C．	Curious．
D．	Unsure．

（4）In which section （版） of a newspaper can we probably read the text？ 　 　

A．	Sports．
B．	Life．
C．	Science．
D．	Business．

Hello everyone！My name is George Smith and I've been a journalist （新闻记者） for 30 years．Yes，that's a long time

   I always wanted to be a journalist．I started a newspaper at school and worked on a student newspaper at university．I got a job as a journalist as soon as I finished university and I love my job till today．

   Journalism is not for everyone．How can one be a good journalist？

   You need to write well．You need to write in a way that is interesting to your audience．As a journalist，you will have to write for different audiences，so you need to be able to change your style as well．

   Journalists work very hard．It doesn't matter if you are abroad，writing about a war or at home writing about local news．Journalists work long days and it can be very hard to find time to have a holiday．

   You also need to be strong．What do I mean by that？Well，not everyone will like what you write．Sometimes people will say bad words about your work．You can't be angry with these people．You have to try to take no notice of them and keep working．

   You have to be good at talking to people too．Journalists find out most of their information by talking to people．Not everyone wants to talk to a journalist so you need to get people to trust you．

   Being a journalist is a hard but great job．Now，are there any questions？

（1）We can infer （推断） that George Smith always wanted to be a journalist 　 　．

A．	when he was a young child
B．	after he finished university
C．	until he had a good holiday
D．	before he wrote about a war

（2）To become a good journalist，you should 　 　．

A．	write funny things
B．	talk about local news
C．	be mad with people
D．	make people trust you

（3）George Smith thinks his job is 　 　．

A．	easy but boring
B．	worrying but nice
C．	interesting but bad
D．	difficult but great

（4）What is the best title of the text？ 　 　

A．	A lovely person
B．	A strong man
C．	A long career
D．	A writing skill

Famous Landmarks
The Great Wall of China was begun in 214 B.C.．It was built for preventing the enemies． It is the largest building ever built．We can see it from space．	The Colosseum in Rome was opened in 80 A.D.．It was sometimes filled with water for ship battles．
The Taj Mabal in India was built between 1630 and 1652．It is a grave for the wife of an Indian prince．It attracts lots of visitors every year．	The Eiffel Tower in Paris was completed in 1889．It was built for the 100th anniversary （周年纪念日） of the French Revolution （革命）．

（1）If you'd like to visit the Colosseum in Rome，you should go to 　 　．

A．	China
B．	France
C．	India
D．	Italy

（2）How long did it take Indians to build the Taj Mahal？ 　 　

A．	Nearly 80 years．
B．	Almost 100 years．
C．	About 22 years．
D．	Around 214 years．

（3）Which building has nothing to do with fights？ 　 　

A．	The Great Wall．
B．	The Colosseum．
C．	The Taj Mahal．
D．	The Eiffel Tower．

（4）The description of the landmarks tells us that 　 　．

A．	the Great Wall is the biggest building ever built

B．the Colosseum was opened to the public in 80 B.C.

C．	the Taj Mahal was built for an Indian prince
D．	people built the Eiffel Tower to remember Paris

Becoming a Minimalist ( 极简主义者 )

I have too many things. My bedroom is often in a mess. I have shelves with dirty books I never read and CDs I don't listen to. My drawers are filled with clothes I never wear. I was getting upset ( 心烦意乱的 ) that I never had any space in my bedroom. Then I read about minimalist. Minimalist suggests that you only keep the most necessary and important things and get rid of ( 处理掉 ) everything else. After reading about minimalism, I felt encouraged to solve my problem.

I started clearing out a lot of the things which I didn't use. I collected bags of clothes to give to charity ( 慈善机构 ). I sold some of the CDs and books online. Although I knew that I would never need these things again, I still found it very difficult to get rid of them. My brain tried to stop me from letting them go. I said to myself "I might need that in the future!" or "Won't I be sad if I lose that?" But the thing was, I knew I couldn't keep everything.

After getting lots of things out of my room, I actually became quite excited to see the tidy room with some fresh space. And a tidy room also makes me have a clear mind! The main idea behind minimalism is to cut down what you own and really value the things you have. It's not easy to be a minimalist. We are often told that it is better to have more things. Advertisements try to make us believe that we will only be happy by spending more money buying more things. Of course, I'm not a perfect minimalist - I've only just started. I still own a lot of things which I don't really need, but I think this was a good start. In the future, I will be more mindful of what I buy. And I will continue to make an effort to get rid of what I don't need.

根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

67. Is the writer's bedroom often in a mess?

__________________________

68. When did the writer feel encouraged to solve the problem?

__________________________

69. How did the writer get rid of some of the CDs and books?

__________________________

70. What is the main idea behind minimalism?

__________________________

71. Why is it not easy to be a minimalist?

__________________________

Walking

If you want to get healthy or stay healthy, there is one easy activity for you - walking. You may think that simply taking a walk is not enough to make a big difference. You may think that you need to do something like running to stay healthy. Well, a new study says that is not true. It finds out that walking may be as good for us as running.

Running is a high-impact ( 高强度的 ) activity and can be hard on the body. So, many people cannot run. Walking seems to have all of the advantages and none of the disadvantages of running.

Dr Russell Pate is a professor of exercise science at the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina. He says, "Walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises a person can do. You do not need to learn a lot to get results."

Walking needs no special skills or equipment . You can do it anywhere. It fits easily into your daily schedule ( 日程表 ). You can walk at work. You can walk if you want to go shopping. You can take the stairs instead of the lift.

Walking is a great exercise for beginners. If you are out of shape or getting back into shape after an illness or accident, walking is perfect. You can do a little at a time, or as we like to say, take baby steps.

62. The new study shows that ________.

A．	running is better than walking	B．	walking is the best way of exercising
C．	walking and running are not good enough	D．	walking is as good as running

63. Dr Russell Pate says walking is one of the easiest and safest exercises because ________.

A．	walking is a high-impact activity and can be easy on the body
B．	walking needs no skills
C．	walking needs no special skills or equipment and we can do it anywhere
D．	walking has more advantages than running

64. What does the underlined word "equipment" in Paragraph 5 mean in Chinese?

A．

器材

B．

食宿

C．

机会

D．

阶段

65. Which one is TRUE according to this passage?

A．	Walking is not good for a beginner.
B．	Walking seems to have all of the advantages of running.
C．	You'd better drive when you want to go shopping.
D．	Walking does harm to all people after an illness or accident.

66. What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage?

A．	To tell people that they shouldn't walk more.	B．	To tell people that walking is a waste of time.
C．	To tell people that they should walk more.	D．	To tell people that they don't need to run any more.

The 8th Inter-School Musical Show! The school is hosting the 8th Inter-School Musical Show for Grades 9-11 on December 19 at Harrington Center, Bank Road at 9 am. All students are welcome to try out for the show at the audition ( 试演 ), which will be held on December 8 at 9 am in the school's Central Hall. For more information, please email Mr. Black, the secretary of the Music Club, at [e-mail] . North Hill Field Day! Grades 7-9:    9:30-11:30 am Grades 10-12:    1:40-3:40 pm Dear parents, On Friday, December 11, we will be holding our North Hill Field Day. It will be a day of laughs and lots of fun. Be sure to tell your children to bring cameras and take pictures. The purpose of the day is for our school to get together for an enjoyable two-hour activity. There won't be any competitions among the students. The real reward ( 奖励 ) will be happiness and the feeling of participation ( 参与 ).

57. Where should you go if you want to try out for the show at the audition?

A．

North Hill.

B．

Harrington Center.

C．

The Music Club.

D．

The school's Central Hall.

58. What does Mr. Black do?

A．

A teacher.

B．

A secretary.

C．

A director.

D．

A manager.

59. North Hill Field Day will be held on _______.

A．

December 8

B．

December 9

C．

December 11

D．

December 19

60. What should students take with them to take part in North Hill Field Day?

A．

Cameras.

B．

Sunglasses.

C．

Notebooks.

D．

Lunches.

61. The purpose of North Hill Field Day is to _______.

A．	take part in the speaking competition	B．	hand in a report of the trip
C．	join a club after the trip	D．	make the students enjoy the trip together

Have your mom or grandma ever made embroidered （刺绣的） clothes for you? People in the past often embroidered on handkerchiefs（手帕）, bed covers and dresses. Girls would embroider on a sachet （香囊）as a gift for their lovers.

Shu embroidery comes from Sichuan. It is the oldest kind of embroidery in China. People began to make it during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). They sold it to other countries along the South Silk Road.

Embroidery takes time. It might take as long as a whole day to finish just 10 cm. By the 1970s, Sichuan had as many as 5, 000 embroiderers. But since modern machines can make cheaper embroidery products today, fewer people are buying handmade Shu embroider products. Young people aren't learning the skill. To protect this skill, Shu embroidery was added to China's intangible cultural heritage （非物质文化遗产） list in 2006.

Meng Dezhi, a national-level inheritor（国家级传承人）of the skill, has been making Shu embroidery for 40 years. After her factory closed down in 2005, she didn't give up loving this form of art. So she decided to teach others to make Shu embroidery. The work is hard and the pay is low. Not many people want to learn it. But Meng wants to change that. She now teaches it in universities and communities.

Shu embroidery stands for（代表）thousands of years of Sichuan culture. We should try to save it.

76. Where does Shu embroidery come from?

77. How many embroiderers did Sichuan have by the 1970s?

78. Are many people buying handmade Shu embroidery products today?

79. How long has Meng Dezhi been making Shu embroidery?

80. What does Shu embroidery stand for?

There are about 1. 4 billion （十亿）people in China. WeChat is part of life for many Chinese. We use it to chat, send photos, pay for things, etc. It is playing a bigger role. But do you know who invented WeChat? The man behind it is Zhang Xiaolong. He is the vice president（副总裁） of Tencent and is called "Father of WeChat".

Zhang Xiaolong was born in Shaoyang, Hunan Province in 1969.

He graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1994. While at university he had many hobbies, such as chess, tennis and bowling. His classmates said whatever he did, he could get quite good atit after trying hard for several years. He liked to sleep late, but that didn't mean he was lazy. He would keep working hard on something for many hours till midnight

Such a clever and hard-working man would surely succeed. In 1997, he created Foxmail and achieved success. He created WeChat in 2011, and it became a bigger success. It is so easy to use. _______. Because of it, Zhang has become rich and successful, but he always keeps a low profile（低调）. Few people know about him. He only lets his work speak for him. You may have a good understanding of him by using WeChat.

January 21, 2021 was the10th birthday of WeChat. It's said that Zhang Xiaolong is making his another 10-year plan for WeChat. Will he surprise us again? That's for sure.

46. If you forget to take money, you can______ by WeChat.

A．

cook

B．

chat

C．

send photos

D．

pay for things

47. Zhang Xiaolong left his university ______.

A．

in 1969

B．

in 1994

C．

in 1997

D．

in 2011

48. According to Zhang's classmates, he was ______ at university.

A．

lazy

B．

hard-working

C．

relaxed

D．

friendly

49. Which of the following can be put in the ______in the third paragraph?

A．	About one billion people use it now
B．	Few people find WeChat very interesting
C．	People never use WeChat in their daily life
D．	Someone likes using WeChat to do many things

50. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．	Zhang Xiaolong likes speaking for himself.
B．	People have used WeChat for less than ten years.
C．	WeChat is playing a bigger role in people's lives.
D．	Zhang Xiaolong can get good at something easily.

Have you ever heard of "Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil （苦工）?" It tells us not to waste food.

As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It's not easy to turn a seed（种子）into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.

Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn't much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973, Yuan Longping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid（杂交）rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.

When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources（资源）for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.

Please value what you're eating.

41. The poem tells us not to______.

A．

throw food

B．

waste food

C．

pollute food

D．

hate food

42. Students from Huzhou______ on the farm.

A．	sold seeds	B．	grew vegetables
C．	understood each other	D．	experienced farming

43. Chinese people ______ in the 1960s.

A．	had a hard life	B．	died from illnesses
C．	had much food	D．	ate a new kind of rice

44. Saving food is______ for the environment.

A．

good

B．

bad

C．

safe

D．

meaningless

45. The main idea of this passage is ______.

A．	how we should save food
B．	why we should value food
C．	where we can experience farming
D．	how we should protect the environment

	Many of my classmates are losing weight so they can look more beautiful. There is nothing wrong with being beautiful, but it is not wise to lose weight by dieting（节食）unhealthily. Every year, many people become sick because of dieting, it is bad for their health and even costs them their own lives. In fact, life is the most important thing. Exercise more and eat less. This could be the best way to lose weight.
	These days, many of us have idols（偶像）. They are mostly pop stars. It's good to like someone with great qualities（品质）. But sometimes some fans are too crazy. For example, they might spend too much time watching their idols' shows. They also buy expensive gifts for their idols. But their own lives might be pretty hard. Some young fans might pay so much attention to their idols that their grades get worse. Some even give up classes to see their idols. Fans should love their idols in a healthy way.
	I often see people wearing hanfu on the street. Some might think they are strange, but I don't think so. Everyone has the right to make a choice. Some people enjoy fashion（时尚）, while others like tradition. In fact, when I sometimes see girls wearing hanfu in my school, I say to myself, "Wow! That's a beautiful dress! They are so different!" One day, I will wear hanfu and introduce it to foreigners.

36. The first paragraph tells us ______ is the most important.

A．

attention

B．

exercise

C．

life

D．

beauty

37. According to Meiqi, the best way to lose weight could be ______.

A．	becoming sick	B．	dieting unhealthily
C．	giving up classes	D．	exercising more and eating less

38. Zixuan thinks idols should ______.

A．	buy fans gifts	B．	lose weight
C．	have great qualities	D．	get good grades

39. From the last paragraph, we can infer Miaoxi______.

A．	doesn't like tradition
B．	wants to visit foreigners
C．	thinks wearing hanfu is strange
D．	wants to spread Chinese tradition culture

40. The three people in this passage may be______.

A．

students

B．

writers

C．

reporters

D．

teachers

Spending almost a full day in the car with a 70-year-old woman could be boring. However, for a 15-year-old girl, it was a great memory for many reasons. During the trip, we discussed anything we had wondered about in life. And I learned a lot I had never expected to.

I learned that we shouldn't take ourselves seriously and that not everyone has to get "old and boring". She is probably one of the coolest, funniest and most down-to-earth people I've ever met. In boring moments （时刻））, she never fails to tell one of her famous jokes. But when you need a shoulder to cry on, she is there to comfort you. She taught me that "Laughter is the best medicine",

She never brings her phone, and she is okay with it. That hasn't stopped her from shopping and talking with her family online. She doesn't take pictures of everything she sees.

From now on, I plan on accepting the fact that I don't need to stay connected with social media （社交媒体）all the time. Even though I don't use a mobile phone, I can also be better at communicating with people.

There are so many things you can learn from someone older and wiser than you. You don't need to ask for advice, just slow down and enjoy the conversation. You'll be surprised at how amazing it is.

31. The writer spent a full day with______.

A．	a bus driver	B．	a young girl
C．	an old woman	D．	a woman guide

32. We can know______from the second paragraph.

A．	the writer learned nothing	B．	the old woman often cries
C．	everyone gets "old and boring"	D．	the old woman likes telling jokes

33. The underlined word "comfort" in the passage means______.

A．

安慰

B．

鼓励

C．

夸奖

D．

慰问

34. The writer thinks ______.

A．	the old woman is the coolest
B．	she needs to ask the old for advice
C．	she must stop using a mobile phone
D．	we can learn from older and wiser people

35. The best title of the passage is ______.

A．	The Best Medicine	B．	A Boring Trip
C．	Learning Along the Way	D．	Life without a Mobile Phone

Do you put up your hand when you want to speak in class? If so, you have followed a rule. Rules can be as simple as putting up your hand. They can also be as complicated(复杂的) as knowing when you are “out” in a game.

Rules can be made by anyone. Parents make rules to help children grow up healthily. Rules at home might include washing dishes or cleaning rooms.

Teachers make rules to help students learn and stay safe. Putting up your hand before asking a question helps the class pay attention to the lesson. Students make rules in games to make sure that they can play without fighting. Rules can be changed often. If you change your minds, you can change the rules.

Laws are rules too, but they are made differently. Laws are made by elected representatives(被选出的代表). Voters(选民) allow their representatives to make laws that can protect people's rights, safety and make sure everyone can be treated fairly. Laws cannot be changed often, so representatives consider laws carefully before making new ones.

The biggest difference between rules and laws is the punishment(处罚) for breaking them. If you break a rule, your punishment might be small, like losing a turn in a game. However, if a person breaks an important law, the punishment might be a fine(罚款) or time in prison.

Rules and laws keep everyone safe. People can work and live together in peace by following rules and laws.

根据上面短文的内容回答问题（每个小题答案不超过6个单词）

66. Can anyone make rules?

　 　                                                        

67. Who makes rules to help students learn and stay safe?

　 　                                                        

68. Why do representatives consider laws carefully before making new ones?

　 　                                                        

69. What's the biggest difference between rules and laws?

　 　                                                        

70. How can people live together in peace?

　 　                                                        

The little wolf, White Fang, made an enemy of the dog, Lip-Lip. Lip-Lip attacked him whenever he could. He was bigger and stronger than White Fang and always won their fights. White Fang knew that he could not win a fight against Lip﹣Lip. He thought that he had to do something else to teach the dog a lesson.

①One day, he was playing at a river bank when he saw Lip-Lip come. He suddenly got a good idea. He pretendedto be hurt and unable to run fast. When Lip﹣Lip ran after him, he led Lip Lip to the place where his mother stayed. When Lip-Lip got close to her, she turned Lip-Lip over and bit him until she let him go, but White Fang had a bigger problem.

Lip﹣Lip was the leader of the other dogs. They followed him and obeyed him. None of them would become friends with White Fang. Whenever he came near them, they attacked him.

②He was never allowed to play with the other dogs. This made him unhappy and angry. He often forgot how to behave well.

③Several days later, White Fang saw a man take his mother in a small boat. He tried to follow them. He jumped into the river and swam after the boat. Another man came after White Fang in his boat. He lifted White Fang out of the water. White Fang tried to get away from the man, but the man hit him and threw him into the boat.

④White Fang was now very angry because he wanted to be with his mother. He forgot how powerful men were, and he bit the man. The man was so angry that he beat(打) White Fang again and again. The man hurt him badly.

White Fang finally learned that he couldn't bite a man because if he did, he would be beaten badly.

--Adapted from White Fang

41. Why did White Fang always lose the fights with Lip﹣Lip?

A．	Because he was bigger and stronger than Lip-Lip.
B．	Because he was smaller and weaker than Lip-Lip.
C．	Because he wanted to make Lip-Lip happy.
D．	Because he wanted to make friends with Lip-Lip.

42. What does the underlined word "pretended" in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?

A．

准备.

B．

防止.

C．

假设.

D．

假装.

43. From Paragraph 2, we know White Fang was 　 　.

A．

shy

B．

generous

C．

clever

D．

humorous

44. It's better to put "White Fang was always alone. " in 　 　.

A．

①

B．

②

C．

③

D．

④

45. According to the last paragraph, we can inter(推断) that 　 　.

A．	White Fang would continue to bite people
B．	White Fang would enjoy staying with people
C．	White Fang would keep away from people
D．	White Fang would not be afraid of being beaten by people