Humans' Greatest Achievements
The Earth is 4.5billion years old，but the human race has lived on it for just 200，000years．In that short time，we have achieved some amazing things．
（76） The list is almost endless．The invention of the airplane has changed our lives．The discovery of antibiotics （抗生素） has saved the lives of millions of people．Can you imagine living without electricity？What about the printing press （印刷术）？Without the printing press，you wouldn't be reading this．In the last 50years，there have been great achievements in communication，such as radio，TV，computers，the Internet，and smartphones （智能手机）．（77）
What about the arts？The arts have brought pleasure to many people，but are the Beatles and Bach more important than antibiotics？（78）
Finally，we must not forget humans' early achievements．（79） We can't imagine modern life without cooked food and cars．
What are humans' greatest achievements？To answer the question，we need to decide what we mean by "great"．（80） Or is it just something that makes us say "Wow，"like the Great Wall？What do you think？
A．Do you think it is difficult to have great achievements？
B．Is it something that makes us rich or happy or save lives？
C．We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use．
D．They used fire for cooking and heating and invented the wheel．
E．Many of humans' great achievements are in science and technology．
F．And is Mickey Mouse as important an achievement as going to space？
G．We could probably live without them，but life wouldn't be as interesting．
Do you sleep well every night？Studies show if we have a good rest，we must have more energy to study．At the same time， we will be healthier．
The sleep environment is very important to us．The bedroom is the main place where we sleep at night，so its environment directly affects the quality of our sleep．（1） ．So we should advise our parents to pay attention to our bedroom environment．
（2） ．The bedroom light should be neither too bright nor too dark．If the light is too dark，it will affect people's eyesight．If the light is too bright，it can affect the speed of falling asleep．So we should choose a kind of yellow light that gives feeling of warmth．
（3） ．Many old people like to put a lot of flowers in the bedroom．Of course these flowers can make us relaxed and feel well．But there are too many plants in the bedroom，which can really affect people's sleep quality．（4） ．
Our bedroom should be ventilated（通风）often．（5） ． Otherwise，we may find it difficult to breathe， which can affect our sleep quality．
根据文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．请在答题卡上用2B铅笔将你的选项所对应的大写字母涂黑
A． We should sleep at night with windows open．
B． Our bedroom should have proper light．
C． We should pay attention to our eyesight．
D． There shouldn't be too many flowers in our bedroom．
E．And good sleep plays an important role in our health．
F． So don't put too many plants in our bedroom．
G． We should often open the window so that fresh air can come in．
Hi，I'm Zhang Li from Yucai Middle School． I can't sleep well and I always wake up several times during the night．In order to help me sleep well， I've collected some good ways．Here are some suggestions．
（1） Go to bed at the same time every night．Try not to break this habit on weekends．Wake up at the sametime every morning．If you are getting enough sleep，you will wake up naturally．
（2） Don't play on the computer for more than half an hour before you sleep．Studies show that it is bad for the quality of your sleep．Reading a book or listening to light music is good for sleep．
（3） A clean environment is necessary．Make sure that you have turned off the lights in your room before you sleep，and that the temperature is comfortable．
（4） Exercising will help you to go to sleep more easily．Walk for 45 minutes every day and you will sleep better at night． But don't do it just before you go to bed．
（5） Use hot water to wash your feet before you sleep every night．Washing feet for about twenty
minutes every time helps you fall into a deep sleep．Keep on doing it，you can sleep well．
| A． Have a nice environment B． Wash feet with hot water C． Don't get up early D． Have regular sleep habits E． Take exercise properly F． Turn off your computer |
（1）We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day．Forty﹣five percent exercise four to six times a week． Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week． And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
（2）If you go without sleep， you might have problems with your memory or with your concentration（注意力）．In order to concentrate at school or perform well in tests， we really need to get a good night's sleep．
（3）Dr． Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children． "Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves， too． Although it's normal to want successful children， it's even more important to have happy children．
（4）Yes， you knew I was going to say this! It is so important． Smoking is not cool． It is dangerous． It harms nearly every part of your body． Think about how your family and friends will feel， and think about what it will do to your health．
（5）I have never been very active， and I do not like sports． I have always wanted a pet， so my parents gave me a dog for my birthday． Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day． Now I feel really healthy．
Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of the passage．
A． Not getting enough sleep has effects on our brain's work． B． Have a healthy diet!． C． Say no to smoking! D． Our survey about doing exercise． E． Taking my pet for a walk makes me healthy． F． Too much pressure is not good for a child's development． |
Teens are not as healthy as they used to be． They are putting on weight． A recent research shows 97% of the teens need more exercise．（1） First，exercise can help your mind． People who get plenty of physical activity might worry less and sleep better at night． You may even learn better in school．（2） Physical activity can make your body strong． It can also keep you at a healthy weight． But how can teens be encouraged to do more exercise？ Here are some good suggestions．
（3） Doctors call watching TV or playing video games screen time． You should have no more than two hours of screen time a day． Then you will enjoy your life more．
（4） Interest is the best teacher． You can choose the traditional sports，such as basketball， soccer ，or baseball． Those are all great sports and if you like them，play them．
（5） Find a friend or a family member to exercise with you． You will have more fun and
it' s not easy for you to give up．
All in all，it' s necessary for tens to do more exercise．
根据短文内容，将下面方框内的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺（每个选项只能用一次）．
| A． Second， exercise helps your body． B． Step away from the screen． C． Exercise with others together． D． Exercise helps in two ways． E． Find a sport you are interested in． |
There are many different languages in the world（1） ．It is used by business people,airline pilots, and sea captains all over the world.（2） ． So it is very important to learn English.
Chinese is also an important language.（3） ．Today, not only people living in China but also people living outside China speak it.
From all the languages in the world, the UN（联合国） has chosen the following six of them as the official languages.（4） ．
Arabic is widely spoked in many parts of Asia and Africa（5） ． English is mostly used all over the world. French is widely understood in Europe and in parts of Canada, Africa and Asia.Russian is spoken in both Europe and Asia.Spanish is used not only in Spain, but also in Central and South America.
| A． It is also the first language of sport and science. B． of all these languages, English is the most widely used. C．It has the largest number of speakers. D． Russian and Chinese are both very important for us to learn. E． Chinese is widely used in Asia and other parts of the world. F．They are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. G．People in Britain and Australia speak English. |
Nirmal Purja has set several world records after climbing the world's 14 highest mountains in less than seven months．
（1） Though he was born 1，600 meters above sea level，he didn't climb any serious mountains until he was 29．
But Mr． Purja， now 36， was trained to be strong． He used to be a soldier in the British army， where he had special training for fighting in very cold weather．（2）
There are only 14 mountains in the world that are higher than 8，000 meters． Mr．Purja had already climbed several of them．（3） The old record for climbing the 14 mountains was seven years，ten months and six days． It was set by South Korean climber Kim Chang﹣ho in 2013．
Mr．Purja named his challenge"Project Possible"．（4） On October 29，just a little more than six months after he started， Nirmal Purja had finished climbing the 14th mountain．
Though Mr． Purja completed his challenge unbelievably quickly，it wasn't easy．For example，during one day of climbing Shishapangma， Mr． Purja and his team climbed for 15 hours nonstop．
（5） Mr．Purja believes his strong physical condition and his training as a soldier helped him．He hopes his efforts will inspire others．"People are only limited（限制） by their imagination，" he says．"If you don't dream， then you won't do it"
| A． Mr． Purja was born in Nepal， in the Himalayas． B． He had completed five more climb in Pakistan． C． He began on April 23， by climbing Annapurna in Nepal． D． His goal was to climb all of them in less than seven months． E． They had to deal with winds as fast as 75 kilometers per hour． F． In 2018， he left there to follow his dream of mountain climbing． |
How much physical activity do you do in a week？ Are you getting enough exercise？（1） For example， people who exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from many diseases． Regular exercise reduces the risk of early death by 30%． It also improves your sleep quality．
Today， most adults are much less active than in the past because our jobs are far less physical than the work our grandparents used to do．（2） This lack of regular physical activity means people burn fewer calories than in the past， so we need to do something to consume （消耗）our energy． Experts think adults need to do 2.5 hours of moderate exercise per week．（3） ．
Exercise can be expensive， but it doesn't have to be． Team sports such as football can be cheap because all the players share the cost of the field．（4） It can also be very social．
If you don' t want to spend any money， try one of the following activities． Go for a run． The only equipment you need is a pair of running shoes． If you take the bus， try getting off one stop early and walking the extra distance． Go to the park． （5） You can play different kinds of games there． This is a great way to involve family members and friends．
In short， there are many easy ways of keeping fit． If we all recognize the value of doing this， we will live longer and be healthier．
| A． |
Try getting a group of friends or family together． |
| B． |
This could be fast walking or cycling on a flat road． |
| C． |
Regular activity benefits your health in many ways． |
| D． |
You should get more exercise and eat less to keep fit． |
| E． |
Joining a sports club is a cheap way of getting exercise． |
| F． |
Many of us spend seven hours or more just sitting on a chair each day． |
Fires do happen． If there is a fire， you might not have much time to decide what to do． Being prepared and knowing what to do early can save your life． （1） Your family should practice this getting﹣out plan． （2） If you have such a meeting place outside， you can quickly make sure that everyone is out of the house．
You should also remember that smoke is usually far more dangerous than the fire． A person can die after just a few minutes in a smoke filled room．（3）
Finally， before you open any doors， always feel the door lock first． If the door lock is hot， fire must be on the other side of the door．（4） You will have to find another way out． These are simple suggestions．（5） ．
| A．Your family should also have a meeting place outside． B．The most important thing is to have a getting﹣out plan． C．Since smoke rises， stay low to the floor． D．Go upstairs to the top of the building． E．If you can remember them， you will be much safer in a fire． F．Do not open it! G．Can you use water to put out the fire？ |
If you live far from school， you may have to use lunch boxes to take lunch to school． Do you want to know what the early lunch boxes looked like？（1）From the 19h century， people used baskets to take meals．A nice wooden box would be used by the rich people．（2）The tins were large enough for a piece of meat， some bread and some cheese， Walt Disney made the
First "character" lunch box in 1935by putting Mickey Mouse on the box．（3）In 1950，TV cowboy， Hopalong Cassidy， agreed to put his picture on the outside of the blue and red lunch boxes． Over the next 30years， different popular characters controlled the market， such as Aladdin ，Miss America， and the Flying Nun． The Florida government said that the metal boxes could be used as weapons（武器）and they were dangerous for children．（4）
In 1986，people began to use lunch boxes which were made of plastic．（5）Now we can see many plastic lunch boxes with beautiful pictures on them．
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．
| A． |
By the 1860s，people started making tins to take meals． |
| B． |
The plastic lunch boxes weren't used by people． |
| C． |
Let's see the history of lunch boxes． |
| D． |
Children liked this kind of lunch box very much． |
| E． |
Let's see their shapes and sizes． |
| F． |
The plastic lunch boxes have been using since then． |
| G． |
The last metal lunch box was made in 1985． |
阅读下面文字，从A到F选项中为每个段落选出一个最适合的标题．
（1） Every year， thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term or a year． Studying abroad can be an exciting experience for many people．
（2） Living in another country can make you learn a language and about another culture． You will see the world differently and learn more about yourself． The experience of studying abroad may also look good on your future resume（求职简历） Many companies today want people who can speak a second language or have experienced living or working in another country．
（3） Once you decide to study abroad， you have to make choices． To choose the right country or school， ask yourself： Where do i want to go and why？ How much do i want to pay？ How long do I want to study abroad？ Do I want to live with roommates， alone or somewhere else？
（4） Get your passport and visa early． Before you go， learn some of the language and read about some common customs in the country that you are going to Learn about the money． Bring some of it with you．
（5） After the first few weeks abroad， many students will feel a little homesick． They may miss their families， friends and familiar ways of doing things． remember that it takes time to get used to a new place， school and culture． When you feel sad or homesick， try to talk to others or write about your feelings in a notebook．
| A． Getting ready B． How to get a passport and visa C． Once you are in another country D． Why you study in another country E． So many students choose to study abroad F．Making the right choice |
Earthquakes often happen and you may hear about the earthquake in Songyuan of Jilin Province these days． So we must know some advice about protecting ourselves．
（1）You should do earthquake practice and teach your children about earthquake safety． Everyone in the family should do some earthquake practice often． It's very important．
（2）It's necessary to prepare yourself and your family． All family members should know how to turn off gas， water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers（120， 110， 119， etc）
（3）If you are indoors， quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table． The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects． Stay away from windows，large mirrors and so on． If you are cooking， turn off the gas．
（4）If you are outdoors， move to an open area like a playground． Move away from buildings， bridges and trees． If you are driving， stop the car as soon as possible， stay away from bridges and tall buildings． Stay in your car．
（5）Once the shaking has stopped， DO NOT run out of the buildings at once． It's better to wait and leave when it is safe． If your building is badly broken， you should leave it．
Choose the best topic from a to F according to the meaning of the passage．
| A． The advice about when you are indoors during an earthquake B． You shouldn't leave at once until it is safe after an earthquake C． Know useful telephone numbers D． Practice for an earthquake E． The advice about when you are outdoors during an earthquake F． Be always ready before an earthquake |
阅读短文，从A﹣E 五个句子中选择正确选项还原到文中，使短文内容完整、正确．
You know you have to read"between the lines"to get the information．I want to tell you somethings important during your reading．
You shouldn't mark a book which isn't yours．People who lend you books expect you to keep them clean．（96） There are two ways in which one can own a book．One is to pay for it，just as you pay for clothes and furniture．But full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself．（97） There are three kinds of book owners（物主）．The first has all the books that are unread and untouched．（98） ．The third has a few dog﹣eared
（翻折的）books，which are marked from front to back．
Why is marking a book necessary？Because it keeps you awake．（99） The marked book is uaually the thought﹣throngh（经过思考的）book．Writing helps you remember the thoughts you had a lot，or the thoughts the writer expressed．
If reading is to learn anything more than passing time，it must be active．The book you read for pleasure can be read in a state（状态） of relation，and nothing is lost．But for a great book，rich in ideas，you can't let you eyes move across the lines．（100） ．
| A．And，reading is thinking． B．The best way to be a full owner is by writing in it． C．If you think it is useful to mark books，you will have to buy them． D．You should come up with an understanding（领悟）of what you have read． E．The second has most of the books as clean as on the day they were bought． |
Tips for Writing Better Articles
56．When we are not sure which word is the right one for a sentence，look it up in a dictionary．Many of us choose words in a hurry and don't take the time to decide if they are proper．Good word choices are necessary for good writing．
57．If we want people to believe what we write，we must make sure our facts are true．We should use dependable facts．
58．Making a list is necessary for writing a good article．Such a list includes：Is there a proper title？Have we explained every point？Are all the parts of the article included？This can help us to make sure that we have covered everything．
59．Sometimes it's easier to find problems with spelling，word usage and grammar when we read aloud．Reading aloud helps us not only find out our problems but also develop our writing．
60．A common problem is that we don't like to rewrite．In fact，rewriting is the best way to find out and correct some mistakes，like grammar and spelling mistakes．Rewriting makes our writing better，though it takes more time and more work．
Choose the best topic from A to F according to the meaning of the passage．
| A．Rewrite． |
B．Read aloud． |
| C．Check facts． |
D．Collect information． |
| E．Prepare a list． |
F．Make good word choices． |
56 57 58 59 60 ．
These days so many things are going digital（数字化），and books are too．People can buy e﹣books or cheap books online．This means that some bookstores have a hard time staying open． （38）
Bookstore sales in the US went 2.5percent from 2014to 2015．They have found success by trying new things，such as holding events，adding a coffee shop and food and creating a fun experience for book lovers．
"That's what small bookstores have to offer，"Nicole Sullivan，owner of Denver's BookBar，said．"a more personalized（个性化的）experience and a sense of community．"（39） The Shakespeare and
Company Bookstore in New York is adding the Espresso Book Machine，which can print any book you want in five minutes at the store．This special machine is great for people looking for books which are hard to find．
And sometimes，if you can't beat them，it's okay to join them．（40）
Second Story Books in Washington DC is one of them．It sells books on Amazon and makes more money．
While bookstores still face difficulties，it seems there are ways for them to succeed．（41） You are sure to enjoy a really special experience．
| A．And these good ideas work． B．Many have already closed down． C．So why not pay a visit to a bookstore next time？ D．This isn't a new problem，but things are finally turning around E．Many bookstores also sell books online． F．Also bookstores are trying to bring in new shoppers in cool ways． |
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