[1] Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.
[2] They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game, which is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. The most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself, . The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment.
[3] The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishmen
t and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs — or intelligence quotients — of the younger children who were not spanked (打屁股) were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.
[4] Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development is. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common. What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
Which sentence in the text is the clos
est in meaning to the following one?
Compared to the children's IQs wh
ose parents use physical punishment, the result of those whose parents don't is 5 points higher.
Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
List three facts that lead to the most successful behavior in paragraph 2. (no more than 8 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.
With rapid increase of economic rate in western countries, more and more married young couples tend to have no child or only one. At the meantime, many developing nations adopt family planning policy to get rid of poverty. All these facts result in a world with population growth rate declining. But I myself would like to grow up in a big family.
Of course, a small family has its advantages. Firstly, small family makes it easier for parents to bring up and educate their children. Parents could spend more time and money educating one child than several. The child could grow up in an influential environment. Secondly, the child could learn more survival skills for future success.
However, . The only child becomes the little emperor. It would make the one child ask more for him and think less of others. Besides, after the child grows up and gets married, the new couple has to take care of four old parents. That means the two children must work hard to support the old parents. At present, many nations are facing the problem of becoming aged society. China will face this situation in a short time to come.
On the contrary, a big family weighs over a small family in many aspects. Firstly, parents could educate several children with almost the same time as they spend with one. Moreover, the old brothers or sisters also could help their parents bring up little children. Secondly, if one of the children turns out to be successful, it may mean he or she is becoming a mo
del for other children to learn from.
Despite the fact that parents have to spend more time and money bringing up several children, it is not as difficult as people think it to be. With the help of good educational system and modern technology, it is becoming easier to afford several children. What is the writer's attitude whether it is good to grow up in a big family? （no more than 10 words.）
Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
What's the main idea of the second paragraph? （no more than 10 words.）
Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. （no more than 10 words.）
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Although parents need more time and money to raise several children, it’s easier than it’s thought to be.
[1]Traveling overseas to a foreign country can be an amazing experience. However, for those who are not prepared to take part in a new culture, they may be totally overwhelmed by having to go through this unfamiliar chain of events. This phenomenon is called culture shock, and often occurs when people visit a country for which they are not ready. One can avoid embarrassmen
t and enjoy the trip more if they have taken preparations against such "shock" in the first place.
[2] First off, one must remember to prepare themselves through education for their visit. Do not just show up in some country like Mongolia with no idea about what to expect even in the least. Instead, take some time to read, research, and look up information on the specific country you are traveling to, either through the use of a library or a bookstore, or through the Internet.
[3]Secondly, . Many times these people can answer questions you may have about the country, especially ones you may not have answers to from the research you have done online or in print. Firsthand experience is extremely valuable and having someone you can trust to talk about their experience in a certain country is very important.
[4] Lastly, after you have done everything you can do to prepare, you are on your way to your destination, remember to be very, very flexible, and be polite. It is so important to be flexible in your travel, which really helps in breaking down any culture shock on might experience. Keep these tips in mind, and be open in your travel experiences. Happy traveling!What is the best title of the passage?(no more than 10 words)
Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It is very important to have a talk with someone who has traveled in a certain country about their experience, which is of great value.
Fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words. (no more than 10 words)
What advice do you think is the most important one if you want to travel overseas? (no more than 20 words)
Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese.
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
[ 1 ] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone,9 Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?
[2] If , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, atrxiety and relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
[3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? (no more than 5 words)
What do experts say about text addiction? (no more than 14 words)
What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words)
My First Long Kun
Two weeks ago, I had a quarrel with my husband. After he had driven off in anger, I realized that I wasn't going to feel any better just sitting there. Feeling abandoned and guilty, I put on my gym shoes to get some fresh air.
Our driveway has a slope(斜坡) that is easier just to jog down if you are lazy, taking advantage of gravity. Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided t see if I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Since that first attempt I had been jogging regularly and was significantly fitter, but still very lazy. However this time around I managed to reach the stop sign with ease and I figured I would go a little further.
After about one kilometer, however, I noticed that my upper body was tense. To make the movement easier I had to relax my body, and tried to take deep breaths of air.
I kept giving myself the excuse to stop. No one would be disappointed. No one would even know. But I didn't stop. I wanted to keep going harder, better, stronger. To my great surprise, I ran 4.9 km in 31 minutes. When I got back, I had tears in my eyes. I did something I thought I could never do.
It was the first long run of my life. Since I have improved my stride (步幅) and time, after every run I feel fitter, happier and motivated to keep progressing. I love the runner's high, I normally jog because I want look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good.
| 1． |
Why did the author feet guilty? (No more than 9 words ) |
| 2． |
What did. The author fait to do miserably few months ago? ( no more than 11 words)
|
| 3． |
What excuses did the author keep giving herself to stop? (no more than 9 words )
|
| 4． |
How is running different from jogging t the author? (no more than 14 words)
|
[l] Imagine waking up to a world where China is the world's leading superpower, astronauts are busy walking on Mars and 
a brand new political party is ruling the UK? Well, this could be die reality in 14 years if some of the predictions of 100,000 Britons are correct．
[2]The survey asked the people of the UK how they pictured the world in 2025．
[3] Nearly half believe Prince William will be crowned King of England instead of Prince Charles although one in six think the monarchy （君主制度） will have been abolished．A quarter of those surveyed believe a new party will form the government in 2025 although the same number of people think t
hat Labor will be back in power．
[4]On the world stage 60 per cent think China is set to become the world's leading superpower, while a third of us think Great Britain will be made up of four self- governed countries．
[5] Meanwhile technology will have come on in leaps and bounds．Four percent are optimistic that there will be a permanent human base on Mars while one in ten expect a colony of humans to be living in space．More than half questioned in the MSN study predict people will watch all their favorite shows via TV sets hooked up to the Intern
et．Two - thirds believe cosmetic surgery（整容手术） will have become
common place and one in six think we will look after our own health using computers rather than .
[6]But at least we can amuse ourselves with the daily comings and goings of pop singers and reality stars, as more than half thinks that “celebrity（明星）”will be a registered profession.What is the main idea of the text?(less than 10 words)
According to the passage, finish the following sentence, （less than 4 words）
The majority of people questioned in the survey believed that China would play___________in the world in 14 years．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words, （less than 6 words）
What did more than 30 percent of the people surveyed think about the UK? （less than 10 words）
What does the underlined word in the third paragraph refer to? （less than 8 words）
[l] Imagine waking up to a world where China is the world's leading superpower, astronauts are busy walking on Mars and 
a brand new political party is ruling the UK? Well, this could be die reality in 14 years if some of the predictions of 100,000 Britons are correct．
[2]The survey asked the people of the UK how they pictured the world in 2025．
[3] Nearly half believe Prince William will be crowned King of England instead of Prince Charles although one in six think the monarchy （君主制度） will have been abolished．A quarter of those surveyed believe a new party will form the government in 2025 although the same number of people think t
hat Labor will be back in power．
[4]On the world stage 60 per cent think China is set to become the world's leading superpower, while a third of us think Great Britain will be made up of four self- governed countries．
[5] Meanwhile technology will have come on in leaps and bounds．Four percent are optimistic that there will be a permanent human base on Mars while one in ten expect a colony of humans to be living in space．More than half questioned in the MSN study predict people will watch all their favorite shows via TV sets hooked up to the Intern
et．Two - thirds believe cosmetic surgery（整容手术） will have become
common place and one in six think we will look after our own health using computers rather than .
[6]But at least we can amuse ourselves with the daily comings and goings of pop singers and reality stars, as more than half thinks that “celebrity（明星）”will be a registered profession.What is the main idea of the text?(less than 10 words)
According to the passage, finish the following sentence, （less than 4 words）
The majority of people questioned in the survey believed that China would play___________in the world in 14 years．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words, （less than 6 words）
What did more than 30 percent of the people surveyed think about the UK? （less than 10 words）
What does the underlined word in the third paragraph refer to? （less than 8 words）
In the old days of publishing, getting your manuscript into the hands of an editor often meant mailing the unsolicited finished product to the offices of literary agents or editors, where it would receive a cursory look from an editorial assistant — or none at all.
A modern version of the slush pile is the online “writing community,” a Web site where aspiring novelists can post their ideas, writing samples or manuscripts and open them to comments and reviews from strangers. On Tuesday Penguin Group USA, the publisher of Tom Clancy, Kathryn Stockett and Nora Roberts, will unveil its own venture, Book Country, a Web site for writers of genre fiction. In its initial phase Book Country will allow writers to post their own work — whether it’s an o
pening chapter or a full manuscript — and receive critiques from other users, who can comment on points like character development, pacing and dialogue. Later this summer the site will generate revenue by allowing users to self-publish their books for a fee by ordering printed copies. (The books will bear the stamp of Book Country
, not Penguin, and the site is considered a separate operation from Penguin.) The site will also explain the business of finding an agent, marketing and promoting a book, using social media and handling digital and subsidiary rights.
Penguin hopes the site will attract agents, editors and publishers scouting for new talent, and allow writers to produce work with more polish and direction than they could otherwise. The project has been spearheaded by Molly Barton, the director of business development for Penguin and the president of Book Country. “One of the things I remember really clearly from my early editorial experiences was this feeling of guilt,” Ms. Barton said in an interview. “I would read submissions and not be able to help the writer because we couldn’t find a place for them on the list that I was acquiring for. And I kept feeling that there was something we could do on the Internet to really help writers each other.” How did an author send unsolicited finished products to editors in the old days of publishing? _______________________________________________
The online “writing community” is where aspiring novelists post their ideas and ___________________________________________________________________________
The site uses social media and
digital and subsidiary rights to _______________________.[来What’s the real purpose of Penguin creating the web site? _______________________________________________
阅读下面的短文， 并根据短文后的要求答题。（注意问题后的字数要求）
[1]Much meaning can be conveyed,clearly,with our eyes ,so it is often said that eye can speak,Do you have such kind of experience?In a bus you may look at a stianger,but not too long And if he is sensing that he is being stared at,he may feel uncomfortable.
[2]The same in daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary,you will look at yourself up and down,to see if there is anything wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong,you will feel angry toward other's stare with you that way Eyes do speak,right?
[3]Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.But things are differnt when it comes to stare at the opposite sex.If a man glances at a woman for morethan 10 seconds and refuses to avoid his look,his intentions are obvious,that is,he wishes to attract her a ttention,to make hre understand that he is admiring her.
[4]However,the normal eye contact(接触，交流）for two people in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener is attentive and does pay attention to the speaker.
[5]If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking,as if he tries to dominate you,you will feel uneasy.A poor liar usually expose himself by looking too long at the victim,since the believes in the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication Quite the contrary.
[6]In fact,continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only,who will enjoy
For a long time,to show affection that wrods cannot express.
[7]Evidently,eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.What is the best title for the passage?(on more than 8 words)
Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?
You nay feel uncomfortable when a speaker looks at you all the time while speaking,as if he tries to rule over you.Fill in the blank in paragraph 6 with proprer words.(no more than 5 words)
What should you do to make a normal eye contact when speaking to the other?And why?(no more than 30 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 into Chinese.
It’s strange that a man born on Labor Day has had to work so hard to succeed in life. Jacob seems like a normal person. He likes music, art and photography. His parents both got college degrees. He used to go to a beach house in Portland every summer. He is a big fan of Mexican food. Reading these facts about him may lead to the opinion that he had a great childhood. However, behind all of these is a past that would be terrible for many kids growing up.
It started when he was only two years old. His parents divorced and then remarried. Going through elementary school and middle school, he was frightened a lot. This may have led to the worst thing that could have happened to a young man.
He developed deep depression. Doing the smart thing, he talked to his parents about his problem. His parents decided that this issue was very serious and Jacob was admitted to West Hills Hospital. He stayed there for two weeks and had his depression diagnosed. Serious insomnia caused the problem.
The solution was daily medication. The medication took care of Jacob’s depression problem. However, it contained a substance with lithium(锂). The side effect he suffered from lithium was that he got spoonfuls of sugar and ate it with anything else that was on his plate. This led to a weight gain of 25 pounds while he was on medication. So he decided he had to lose some weight and stop the medication.
Now he has lost a big part of the weight and he has managed to solve his problem he had in high school. Now he is a happy human being.
Many people would have had a very hard time coming back from depression. Many people probably would have given up their dreams. But Jacob is not like this. He took what was a mess of his life and turned it around to become a great man and a person with a very bright future. When was Jacob possibly born according to the passage? (no more than 3 words) (2 marks)
Why did Jacob suffer from deep depression? (no more than 4 words) (2 marks)
How did Jacob gain the weight of 25 pounds while on medication? ( no more than 5 words) (3 marks)
What can we know from Jacob’s story? (no more than 10 words) (3 marks)
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here’s how.
Plan your time carefully.
When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After , you should make a schedule of your time. First arrange your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all the problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.
Find a good place to study.
Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios or TV! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.
Make good use of your time in class.
Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking class notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly.
When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher has mentioned in class. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read the material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.
Develop a good attitude towards the tests.
The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you to remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be overly worried.
There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Never let tests trouble you in your study.Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 10 words.)
Which suggestion do you think is the best for you ? Why?(Please answer within 30 words.)
Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求。答案写在答卷纸上）
[1]Have you ever been in the situation where you really didn’t believe what someone was saying? Did you have a sense that something didn’t ring true or a feeling that all was not right? Perhaps they were saying ‘‘Yes’’ yet their heads were shaking “No”．
[2]The difference between the words people speak and our understanding of______ comes from non-verbal communication, otherwise known as “body language”. Body language includes body movements and gestures(1egs，arms，hands，head and body)，posture，muscle tension，eye contact，skin coloring，even people’s breathing rate and sweat．Additionally，the tone of voice，the rate of speech and the pitch of the voice all add to the words that are being used．
[3] By developing your awareness of the signs and signals of body language，you can more easily understand other people，and more effectively communicate with them．There are sometimes subtle(微妙的)—and sometimes not so subtle—movements，gestures, facial expressions and even shifts in our whole bodies that indicate something is going on．We have ways of talking，walking，sitting and standing and they all say something about us，and whatever is happeni
ng on the inside can be reflected on the outside．
[4]By becoming more aware of this body language and understanding what it might mean，you can learn to read people more easily．This puts you in a better position to communicate effectively with them．What’s more, by increasing your understanding of others，you can also become more aware of the messages that you convey to them．
[5] There are times when we send mixed messages—we say one thing yet our body language reveals something different．This non-verbal language will affect how we act and react to others，and how they react to us．Therefore，in order to communicate more effectively，we should learn
the signs and signals of body language correctly．. What is the best title for the passage? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________________. .Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
Maybe their behaviors didn’t _____________________________ their words.. . Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper word
s.(no more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________________________. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to ? (no more than 9 words)
___________________________________________________________________________. .What should people do in order to communicate effectively with others ? (no more than 10
words)
___________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc．In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. What’s the author’s purpose by writing this passage? (No more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________ What’s the meaning of the underlined word “repressing” in Paragraph 2? (No more than 5 words)
_________________________________________________________________________ According to the passage, what are the common ways for people to express their anger? (No more than 20 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ Why do doctors say anger is dangerous? (No more than 15 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ How can you deal with anger successfully in your daily life? (No more than 20 words)
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达。(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分。)
Counterfeit (假的) medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other counterfeits, they look like real products. But counterfeit drugs may contain too little or none of the active ingredients (原料) of the real thing.
People do not get the medicine they need. And in some cases the counterfeits cause death. Twenty children in Bangladesh died last year after being given acetaminophen (醋氨粉). The medications contained ingredients that looked, smelled and tasted like the real thing. The medicine was produced by a local drug company that used a dangerous substitute to save money.
The problem with counterfeit medicines is especially bad in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The W. H. O. estimates that up to thirty percent of the medicines on sale in many of those countries are counterfeit. . The W. H. O. says counterfeits make up less than one percent of the illegal drug market in countries like the United States, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand.
But the agency also says as much as fifty percent of the medicine sold on the Internet is counterfeit.
Much is being done to fight counterfeit drugs. Several companies are developing ways to make counterfeits easier to identify. And there are existing methods, like a machine that can quickly identify chemicals in pills to confirm if the pills are real. Other ideas include things like special tracking codes for drug packages. People could send a text message with the code and get a message back proving that what they bought is listed in a database. Some drug makers and other companies put three-dimensional images called holograms (条形码) on their products as a security device. What advice can we get from Paragraph 4? (no more than 8words)
What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more that 4 words)
A local drug company produced counterfeit medicines by using dangerous substitutes . Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (no more than 10 words)
What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? (no more than 3 words)
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分, 共10分）
阅读下面短文, 请根据短文后的要求进行答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求)。
[1]When I was in primary school, I got into an argument with a boy in my class. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson learned that day.
[2]I was convinced that "I " was right and "he" was wrong--and he was just as convinced that __________ and "he" was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson. She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other.
[3]In the middle of her desk was a large, round object. I could clearly see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the object was. "White,"he answered.
[4]I couldn't believe he said the object was white, when it was obviously black! Another argument started between my classmate and me, this time about the color of the object.
[5]The teacher told me to go to stand where the boy was standing and told him to come to stand where I had been. We changed places, and now she asked me what the color of the object was. I had to answer,"White." it was an object with two differently colored sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side was it black.
[6]My teacher taught me a very important lesson learned that day: You must stand in the other person's shoes and look at the situation through their eyes in order to truly understand their perspective(看法)What is the main idea of the text? (Within 8 words)
_____________________________________________________________Complete the following statement wi
th proper words. (no more than 4 words)
_________________was unbelievable, for the object was obvious black.What did the teacher ask the students while changing positions?(no more than 6 words)
______________________________________________________________ Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
______________________________________________________________What does the word "it"(the underlined word in Paragraph 5) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
______________________________________________________________
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