Have you seen advertisements about hair care products？The models（模特） have shining hair like jewels（宝石）．But now making hair shine is no longer the task of hair care products，because hair can be made into real jewels．Believe it or not，a company called LifeGem in the US makes it possible．
The company is in the business of taking hair from dead people and making them into diamonds（钻石）．Now the company plans to make three diamonds using Beethoven's hair to show their latest technology．The work will take about 7months．In the end，Beethoven's long hair will become three shining diamonds．
Since the great musician died in 1827，you may wonder where they got Beethoven's hair．A man called John Reznikoff gave the hair to the company．He holds the Guinness World Record for the latest and most valuable collection of celebrity（名人） hair．His collection also includes hair of Napoleon，Albert Einstein，Abraham Lincoln and John F．Kennedy．In total，the collection is worth over five million dollars．
Though it sounds unbelievable，diamonds made with hair are for the families to remember the dead．
Answer the questions according to the passage．
76．What does the company of LifeGem do？
77．How did the company get Beethoven's hair？
78．John Reznikoff doesn't collect Albert Einstein's hair，does he？
79．How long will the work take？
80．What are the diamonds made with hair for？
．
After Donald Trump became the 45th American president，a new video of his granddaughter Arabella went popular once again on the Internet．In this video，the little girl wore a qipao，a kind of traditional Chinese dress．She stood in front of a table to recite（背诵） ancient Chinese poems．These poems are familiar（熟悉的） to most Chinese people and they are often recited by Chinese kids．Arabella made the video to remember Chinese Monkey Year ，which ended on January 27th，2017．
Arabella's family are interested in Chinese culture．They can even make Chinese dumplings and sing Chinese songs．Arabella began to study Chinese when she was 18 months old．Now she can speak very good Chinese．Early in February，2016，4﹣year﹣old Arabella，recited a Tang Dynasty poem in Chinese．Her mother sent her video online and won lot of"likes"from all over the world．
On Sonia Weibo，many users thought Arabella was a wonderful and surprising girl．"I'm glad to see the little angel（天使） loves Chinese culture，"wrote a user called"orange"．
"At least the video shows that Trump is serious about education and never closes the door to foreign culture，"said another user named"stAU79"．
71．What did Arabella wear in the new video？（根据短文内容回答问题）
72．When did Arabella begin to learn Chinese？（根据短文内容回答问题）
73．How old is Arabella now？（根据短文内容回答问题）
74．从文中找出与下面句子画线部分意思最接近的单词．
"I'm glad to see the little angel loves Chinese culture，"wrote a user called"orange".
75．The underlined word" they"refers to ．
A young man entered the last interview of a company（公司）．The director learnt that the young man's academic（学业的） grades were very good．
"Did you get any scholarships（奖学金） in school？"the director asked．"None，"the young man answered．
"Did your father pay for your school fees（费用）？"the director asked．"My father died when I was one year old，so my mother paid for my school fees．"The young man answered．
"Where did your mother work？"the director asked．"My mother washed clothes．"the young man said．The director looked at the young man's hands．He had a pair of smooth and perfect hands．
"Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before？"the director asked．"Never，"the young man answered．"I have a request，"the director said．"When you go back today，wash your mother's hands，and then see me tomorrow morning．"
The young man felt that his chance of getting the job was high．When he went back，he happily asked his mother to let him wash her hands．His mother felt strange； happy but with mixed feelings．She showed her hands to the kid．The young man washed his mother's hands slowly．His tears fell when he did that．It was the first time he had noticed that his mother's hands were so wrinkled（有皱纹的）．He realized it was this pair of hands that helped him pay the fees．
The next morning the young man went to the director's office．"I washed my mother's hands，and I know that without my mother，I would not be the person I am today．"he said．
"This is what I am looking for．"the director said．"I want a person who can appreciate（感激） the help of others to get things done．You will be a member of our company．"
86．Did the young man get any scholarships in school？
87．Who paid for the young man's school fees？
88．How did the young man's mother make money？
89．What did the director ask the young man to do when he went back？
90．What's the best title of this passage？
．
Root Vegetables
Would you like to eat a root？ You probably already have． People and animals eat many kinds of
roots． ①Most roots that people eat are usually called root vegetables． A root vegetable is what we call veggies that grow underground．
A carrot
is one type of root vegetable． It is the orange， edible root of the carrot plant．②
to， many， in， like， people， salad， put， it（．） A turnip 
is another root vegetable． It is a member of the cabbage family． Turnips are usually eaten boiled， steamed， roasted， fried， pickled，or even raw．
③Although some people do not consider potatoes to be a veggie， but they are a root vegetable．
People like to eat them mashed， boiled， and fried． Sweet potatoes， yams， beets， and leeks are some other root vegetables that people like to eat．
（1）将文中①处画线句子翻译为汉语．
（2）将文中②处画线单词连词成句，标点符号已在括号内给出． ．
（3）文中③处画线句子有一处错误，改正并抄写．
（4）What is this story mostly about？
（5）What is a root vegetable？
Do you check your mobile phone often？ Do you feel anxious if your mobile phone is not with you？ When there is no WiFi or signal for your mobile phone， will you get nervous？ If you say yes，then you've got addiction（上瘾） to mobile phones．
①Nowadays， we can see the scene everywhere in the life： in subways， restaurants， roads， people are watching their mobile phones． From family party to dating with a friend， people couldn't stop checking their twitter， WeChat， facebook on the mobile phones and snubbing（忽视）the persons in front completely． Phubbing （低头症） influences not only the young people， but also the old and even the kids．
"Phubbing" is a new word which comes from the words "phone" and "snub"． It describes the habit of snubbing someone in favor of a mobile phone． ②因为玩手机，更多的人变得沉默．They do nothing but bow to play mobile phones．③time， spend，too， they， phones， much， the， on（．） And they don' t have time to communicate with persons in real life．
If we keep playing with phones when we are with our friends or family， we will spend less time talking to them． In fact， they need and deserve to be cared for．
Let us put down the cell phones and enjoy the nature， the food， the books and all the beautiful
things and persons around us．
（1）将文中①处画线句子翻译成汉语．
（2）将文中②处画线句子翻译成英语．
（3）Where does the word "phubbing" come from？
（4）将文中③处画线内容，连词成句，题中标点已给出．
（5）What advice does the writer give to the people who have "phubbing"？
The Future of Chinese
Do you know that one fifth of the planet speaks Chinese？About 873million people speak ①it at home in China，people in Singapore，Malaysia and some other Asian countries also speak Chinese．②That makes Chinese the most widely used first languages in the world．
③ in，Chinese，schoolchildren，UK，the，are，USA，and，learning （．） In the future，people will speak Chinese as an international language because China is becoming a very important country in the world．④Many foreigners visit China，and many countries trade China． China is a world leader，and so many people will learn Chinese and speak Chinese as an international language．
66．写出文中①处画线代词的所指内容．
67．将文中②处画线句子翻译成汉语．
68．将文中③处画线内容连词成句．（标点符号已在括号内给出）
69．文中④处画线句子有一处错误，改正、将正确的句子抄写在横线上．
70．Why does the writer think Chinese will be an international language？ ．
Bullying（欺凌） has become a big problem in schools，which has caused serious attention of the society．To know what drives bullying will help to stop it．①There are many factors that make a child involve in bullying：②Parents are busy with their work，leaving their children alone with the grandparents． They don't get love or warmth from their parents．Children who are bullied are easier to bully others．Some children bully others to get respect from other kids．Teenage girls bully to win attention or love from someone．Movies，video games also play a role in a child's bullying action．
Parents，teachers，schools and society should ③work jointly to stop bullying．As students，you should respect others and not make fun of their weaknesses．If you are bullied，you have the right to tell your parents or teachers about it first and ask them for help．
（1）文中①处画线句子中有一个单纯的意思是"因素"，这个词是
（2）将文中②处画线句子翻译成汉语．
（3）文中③处"work jointly"means"work together"．Do you think so？
（4）Why do teenage girls bully others？
（5）What should students do to stoop bullying？
．
E
The last time I saw my best friend was about a year and a half ago．It was her 16th birthday，and I flew hundreds of miles to see her．It was a total movie moment．She came into the room，and suddenly I jumped out，shouting，"Happy Birthday!"
Many of my friends also had a lot of practice keeping a long﹣distance friendship，let's share some opinions．
Chen Mu，17，Hunan
Talking to your friends online often keeps the friendship going!If the phone call doesn't always include a deep conversation，that's fine．Try a video chat．Sometimes friendship is about knowing that someone's on the other line．
Lin Pan，16，Xiamen
My best friend moved to another city far away．We keep sharing everything so we know everything about each other's lives．It's a lot easier to imagine your best friend is there with you if you share the same information．It's like your friend is still there with you．
Zou Wen，15，Guangzhou
Be there for your friends when they need help．Your friends may have a hard time．While you probably won't be able to be there for them as much as you used to，it is worth it to lose an hour of sleep when they need help．
Luo Yan，15，Shanghai
The present that shows you care．This is a fun one and a must．It doesn't have to be a lot，but it will let them know you are thinking about them．
Wang Fei，18，Beijing
Realize that people change and that your friends won't stay the same no matter how much you want them to．Your friend might start to act more and more like a different person．But complaints （抱怨） won't help your friendship．And you are changing too．Everyone has to be ready for growing up．
任务一：根据短文内容，用短语或简洁的句子完成下列表格．
How to keep a long﹣distance friendship
Name |
Opinion |
Chen Mu |
Talking to your friends online often |
Lin Pan |
（61） |
Zou Wen |
（62） |
Luo Yan |
（63） |
Wang Fei |
（64） |
任务二：除了文中提到的观点外，你一定还有自己独特的想法，请写一条与大家分享吧．
65． ．
This 12﹣year﹣old Girl Built a Robot to Find Plastics in the Ocean
Anna Du was walking along the beach when she noticed plastics there．She reached down to pick them up， and quickly realized there were many more tiny pieces than she could deal with． It seemed impossible to clean them all up．
Du， 12 years old at the time， tried to solve the problem like any good scientist﹣first． by doing a little research． That's how she learned that 8 million tons of plastics end up in the oceans every year．
Then she got to work building something that could help solve the problem；a remote﹣operated vehicle（遥控潜水器）， or ROV． Her ROV can move through water and find plastics on the ocean floor．
The actually cool part of Du's ROV is the detection（探测） system． She uses a camera along with three different kinds of light to find the plastics． She also uses visible（可见的） light to find unnatural colors that might make the plastics stand out．
"She has a very good engineering sense to break down a problem like this and then go after it，" says engineer Casey Machado． "It sounds simple， but it's a level of thinking that's really amazing．"
Du started attending public events and workshops at a university when she was five years old， and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her ROV． She says actually getting her ROV to move through water well was not easy． She failed many times， but she never gave up trying and testing．
When asked about future plans，she mentions wanting to address the effects of climate（气候）change．"I think there are a lot of problems that could be solved with new inventions，" says Du．
Du thanks her parents， who for years have taken her to student outreach activities， for supporting her interest in science， technology， engineering and math （STEM）． She says she has been able to meet students and scientists there．
"I know I want to be an engineer because I like building things to help solve world problems，" says Du．"But I'm not sure what kind of engineer I want to be yet．"
（1）What did Anna Du notice while walking along the beach？
（2）How old was Du when she did a little research to solve the problem？
（3）What can Du's ROV do？
（4）Why does Du want to be an engineer in the future？
（5）What made Du succeed in building her ROV？
Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected
Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge， like moving islands． As temperatures have increased， however， some of the ice has begun to disappear． Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters．
The waves were discovered by accident in May， 2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip． They wanted to study the icy waters．
On May 2， the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice．around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen．Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the Ice
"We were ready to go but when I went out， I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around，" he remembers．
He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe． The farther in they went， he thought， the harder the ice would become． As they pushed forward，however， the ship experienced small waves， and then bigger ones．Soon， the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．
Within an hour， Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high． The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height． The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down， breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour． Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast． The waves in these areas used to be small．
The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in advance when they are coming． That could be dangerous for navigators and local communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect them． Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in danger．
Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice， the seas will become more open， and the waves will get even stronger． There are stormy times ahead．
（1）When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arcticwaters？
（2）Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip？
（3）What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe？
（4）How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system？
（5）What is Paragraph 7 mainly about？
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework， you might notice that there is no letter E． Have you ever thought about why that is so？
In the A， B， C， D and F grading system， the first four letters are typically considered passing grades． An F in this system simply stands for"fail"．The word"fail"happens to start with the letter F， which seems to leave out the letter E． The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean "not﹣passing" or "fail"．Some schools have U grade for"unsatisfactory"，or I grade for "incomplete"．
Even with all this said， we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US．
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College． In 1897，they began to use the following grading scale：
A： 95﹣100%（excellent）
B： 85﹣94%（good）
C： 76﹣84%（fair）
D： 75%（barely passed）
E： below 75%（failed）
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F．
Gradually，the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US． However， many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F．There is no evidence（证据） to really support this，but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for "excellent"．
Why do we have letter grades？ Well，part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools． As the 20th century began，growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms． Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy，fair and clear way to grade students．
Today，more and more people argue that letter grades don't fully reflect（反映） student learning．However，as teachers try to improve grading methods，many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids．They are familiar（熟悉） and easy for parents to understand． So while they might not be perfect， the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon．
（1）what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system？
（2）when was the letter grading system first used in the US college？
（3）what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade？
（4）what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century？
（5）why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today？
What's in a Name？
Many American names come from England．But where did most English names come from？
Centuries ago，most people in England had only one name﹣﹣their first name．In the 11th century，five
or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William，and it was easy to get confused．But in the Middle Ages，people found a way to describe each person exactly．If there were four Williams in one village，one might be referred to as William the son of John．A second might be called William from the hill．A third，William the blacksmith（铁匠）．And a fourth，William the brown haired．In conversation，people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son，William hill，William smith，and William brown．
It was 300 or 400 years before the extra （ 附加的） names gradually developed into last names，or
surnames．They were passed on from generation to generation．By the 1300s，Robert，the son of William
smith，had the name Robert smith，even if he was not a blacksmith like his father．As the last name became widely accepted，the first letter was capitalized，as in Robert Smith．By the 15th century，most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames．
Many surnames were based on father﹣son relations．The"son of"part was added to the father's first
name，like Johnson，meaning John's son．Sometimes it was shortened to just"s"，as in Jones or Evans．
Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived．They are the most common type of surname．A third kind of surname was based on a person's job．Forester was someone who looked after the forest．
In the Middle Ages，occupation names such as Baker，Carpenter，and Miller became common．The fourth kind of surname was nickname（绰号）．A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear．
Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common？The most common surname in the
English language is Smith．Being able to make metals（金属）into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages，and many people were trained as blacksmiths．The most common American surnames are Smith，Johnson，William and Brown．
61．Where do many American names come from？
62．When did people find a way to describe each person exactly？
63．How long did it take for extra names to develop into last names？
64．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？
65．Why were many people trained blacksmith in the Middle Ages？
Long ago， Mother Nature gave each tree a different purpose． However， she did not share her sons with the trees．
Fir Tree（杉树） had many tree friends．In summer，they watched Bird and Squirrel（松鼠）play in the field．Then autumn arrived．The leaves on other trees turned colourful．Fir Tree's leaves stayed green．Fir Tree told Mother Nature that he wanted his leaves to change colours too．
"Be patient，" Mother Nature said． "You will learn your purpose．"
So Fir Tree waited．The temperature dropped． Bird flew south， and Squirrel was nowhere around．All the trees lost their leaves except Fir Tree． Soon it snowed．Fir Tree cried，"Why don't I change like my friends？"
"Be patient，" Mother Nature replied． " Soon you will get to know your purpose．"
Just then， Squirrel appeared．She was cold．She asked if she could build a warm home in branches（树枝）．Other trees said no because they had no leaves． But Fir Tree said yes． Squirrel ran up Fir Trees branches． Soon， she was warm， comfortable and asleep．
Fir Tree was happy that his green leaves provided a warm home for animals in winter． He finally understood his purpose．
（1）What did Fir Tree want to do in autumn？ （不超过10个词）
（2）Why did other trees say no to Squirrel？ （不超过10个词）
（3）What purpose did Fir Tree understand at last？ （不超过15个词）
Remember when you were a little child trying to learn to walk？
First， you had to learn how to balance （平衡） yourself and stand． You fell down， and then got back up． You laughed sometimes and cried at other times． After much practice， you finally learned how to balance yourself． You got much pleasure from this new feeling of power﹣you'd stand everywhere you could． It was a happy time﹣you did it!
Now the next step﹣walking． You'd seen others do it． It didn't look that hard﹣just move your legs while you were standing． Wrong﹣more difficult than you ever imagined． But after you tried again and again and again， you understood how to walk．
If people found you walking， they cheered， "Oh， look at what the kid is doing．" This encouraged you!But look back on those days when you were the little child﹣how many times did you try when no one was watching， or when no one was cheering？ You couldn't wait for someone to encourage you to take the next steps．You learned how to encourage yourself．
So， keep trying and encouraging yourself as you learned to walk if you want to succeed in doing something．
（1）What is the first step in learning to walk？ （不超过15个词）
（2）When did you understand how to walk？ （不超过15个词）
（3）What should you do if you want to succeed in doing something？ （不超过15个词）
Mr． Reynolds， my teacher， hand us a list of thoughts， and asked us to write a paper on one of those thoughts． I chose the topic "I wonder why things are the way they are．"
I wrote down all the questions that puzzled（困扰）me about life． I realized that many of them were hard to answer， and perhaps others could not be answered at all． When I handed in my paper， I was afraid that I might fail because I did not answer the question．
The next day， Mr． Reynolds handed me the paper and asked me to read it for the class． The other students became quiet as I began to read my story：
Mum， why are the roses red？ Why is the grass green and the sky blue？ Why do I have to graduate（毕业）？ Why do I have to grow up？ Why do I have to be called "Grandma" ，one day？…
Dad， why can't I stay out until 12： 00？ Why do I miss my old friends？ Why do I miss being at home？ Why do you love me so much？．．
Mum， Dad， why did you have to leave me？ I need you．
At the end of my story， I looked at Mr． Reynolds， and I saw a tear slowly coming down his face．Then I realized that life is not built on the answers we receive， but on the questions we ask．
（1）Why was the writer afraid that she might fail？（不超过10个词）
（2）What did the teacher ask the writer to do for the class？（不超过15个词）
（3）What did the writer realize at the end of the story？（不超过15个词）
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