初中英语说明文试题

Height is just one of the thousands of features that your genes (基因) decide. In fact, because you have two parents, your genes provide you a height that usually lands somewhere between the height of each parent. If both your parents are tall, then maybe you will be tall, too, but if you have questions about how tall you’re going to be, ask your doctor if he or she can help you find it out.
But genes don’t decide everything. For example, eating an unhealthy diet can keep you from growing to your full potential (潜力). Getting enough sleep and enough exercise will help you grow to the right height.
Maybe you’re wondering how fast you should grow. There’s no right answer. Kids grow about 2 inches (5 centimeters) a year between age 3 and the time they start puberty（青春期） .
Your doctor will know how your growth (生长) has been going over the years. Two centimeters here and 2 inches there are not nearly as important as the height you’re at now, how you’ve been growing up to this point, and what other changes your body may be going through.
Don’t be worried if you have grown a lot in a very short time. Everyone has a very quick growth during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later —between 7 and 13 for girls, 9 and 15 for boys.
You’ll usually begin to find that you’re growing faster about a year after your body starts to show the first changes of puberty.
If you want to know how fast and how tall you should grow, _______.

A．you should have enough exercise

B．you can ask doctors for help

C．you should protect the environment

D．you can record your growth during puberty

This passage is mainly about _______.

A．how the genes work in your body

B．when the time you grow fast is

C．why you look like your parents

D．how you grow to a certain (某一) height

After reading this passage, we can explain (解释) _______.

A．how good it is to be a doctor

B．how much sleep we need

C．why genes can’t decide everything

D．what an unhealthy diet is

More than a hundred years ago, an American produced (创造) a game. He called it indoor tennis. The Americans were not interested in it at first so he sent it to his London friends and it became very popular (流行) in Britain. The game was then played across the dining-room table or on the floor with the net hung between two chairs. In the early days ，the balls were made of cork (软木) or rubber. The bats(球拍) were made of wood.
A few years later a hollow (空心) ball like the one we use today was invented. The game then quickly spread all over the world. An Englishman once made a bat covered with rubber. He first played the game in England and called it "ping - pong". "Ping" was the sound of the bat when it hit the ball, and "pong" was the sound of the ball when it hit the table.
Who invented the game of ping-pong?

A．A Chinese.

B．An Englishman.

C．An American.

D．We don't know.

The game was first called ________ by its producer(创造者).

A．ping- pong tennis

B．table tennis

C．our-door tennis

D．indoor tennis

What did the British think of the game?

A．Moving (感人的).

B．Interesting.

C．Terrible.

D．boring.

In the early days，the ball was________.

A．hollow	B．covered with rubber
C．made of cork or rubber	D．made of wood

The name of ping-pong has something to do with __________.

A．sound

B．size

C．history

D．place

Stop. Listen! What do you hear? You may hear many different sounds. Some of those sounds may be noise. Noise is a loud or unwanted sound.
Noise can be caused by many kinds of machines, such as motorcycles, jet planes and farm tractors(拖拉机). Rock music is also noise.
What happens to people who live near noisy machines or use them over a period of time? Doctors have found that these people have trouble in sleeping. But, most important, constant(不断的) loud noise can cause a loss of hearing.
Scientists use a unit of measure called decibel(分贝) to measure the loudness of a sound. The sound of a quiet room, for example, measures 35 decibels. Talking measures between 40 and 65 decibels. Sounds from traffic and from some rock bands can measure over 120 decibels. Noise at this high level(层次) causes the great hearing loss.
According to the passage, noise is      .

A．any kind of sound	B．a loud or unwanted sound
C．all sounds that you can hear	D．terrible sound

A decibel is a      .

A．unit that measures sound	B．kind of noise
C．machine that makes loud noise	D．person who hates sound

According to the passage, loud noise can      .

A．help people to sleep better	B．stop machines
C．cause a loss of hearing	D．kill people

We can conclude from the passage that      .

A．noise is a serious problem	B．rock music isn’t noise
C．noise is only from traffic	D．some people hate any sound

Study the diagram below.       would be the quietest.

Room	Noise Level
A	40~65 decibels
B	35 decibels
C	120 decibels
D	130 decibels

A. Room A       B. Room B           C. Room C           D. Room D 

The best way of learning a language is using it. The best way of learning English is talking in English as much as possible. Sometimes you'll get your words mixed up(混合) and people will not understand you. Sometimes people will say things too quickly and you can' t understand them. But if you keep your sense of humor(幽默感)，you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. Don't be unhappy if people seem to be laughing at your mistakes. It's better for people to laugh at your mistakes than to be angry with you，because they don't understand what you are saying. The most important thing for learning English is："Don't be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes."
The writer thinks that the best way for you to learn a language is ____.

A．writing	B．listening
C．using it	D．learning grammar

What should you do in learning English?

A．Be careful not to make any mistake.

B．Write as quickly as you can.

C．Laugh more often.

D．Speak English as much as you can.

When people laugh at your mistakes，you should ____.

A．not care	B．be happy
C．feel worried	D．be unhappy

When you make a mistake，you should ____.

A．keep quiet	B．keep your sense of humor
C．be kind	D．get angry

The story tells us："_____".

A．Only foolish(愚蠢的) people make mistakes

B．Few people make mistakes

C．People never make mistakes

D．There is no one who doesn't make mistakes

Now people can pay by scanning（扫描）their faces while shopping． Is it（1） 　　to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies？ Amazon has a new technology that scans（2） 　　．

The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand． The scanner examines things such as finger prints． It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is．

In September 2019， Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket． People can pay （3） 　　by scanning their hands under a machine． Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards， so they can pay successfully． It's quite convenient， especially for（4）___ 　　people． With this new technology， people（5） 　　take their cards with them． They just scan their hands．

（1）A． possible	B． important	C． strange
（2）A． eyes	B． faces	C． hands
（3）A． usually	B． simply	C． really
（4）A． old	B． poor	C． smart
（5）A． mustn't	B． can't	C． needn't

Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the Earth's surface．（49） 　　，they are most probably to happen near mountains．

During an earthquake，the Earth's surface shakes．Houses fall，people are killed or injured，and （50） 　　whole cities are destroyed．

But we can do something to protect （51） 　　against earthquakes．Scientists have made maps （52） 　　the"earthquake belt"．In the belts，earthquakes are likely to happen．In these areas we can build （53） 　　houses to resist（抵抗）earthquake shocks．

In the future，scientists will be able to predict exactly （54） 　　earthquakes will take place．Then they can tell people to take measures．Thus lives can be saved and damage（损失）can be（55） 　　

49．A．But	B．However	C．So	D．And
50．A．sometime	B．sometimes	C．some time	D．some times
51．A．ourselves	B．themselves	C．itself	D．myself
52．A．shown	B．shows	C．showed	D．showing
53．A．large	B．small	C．special	D．empty
54．A．When and where	B．when and what	C．where and what	D．how and why
55．A．doubled	B．lessened	C．increased	D．added．

Hot movie in Esplanade Theatre

How many days does the movie be on?
A. For 8 days.     B. For 9 days.     C. For 10 days.
How long does each movie last?
A. Half an hour.   B. One hour.       C. One hour and a half.
If a family of three—Dad, Mum and son go to the theatre in the evening, they have to pay ________ dollars for the tickets.
A. 85              B. 105          C. 120
________ are not allowed to enter the theatre.
A. Latecomers      
B. Adults without children    
C. Kids below three years old
Which information can’t be found in the advertisement?
A. The name of the movie. 
B. The name of the theatre. 
C. The name of the director.

Childhood is a time of fun and games. Many people still remember when they were young, they often played games like hide-and-seek and chess. Playing teaches children how to get along with others, and it also helps to exercise the mind and body. However, children today spent most of their playing time in front of the computer, playing video games.
A recent survey found that in the US children between 8 and 12 spent at least 13 hours a week playing video games or “gaming”. Boys of this age spend even more time, almost 16 hours a week. Although some people will say that gaming is helpful, it brings many problems as well.
One big problem is that kids who spend most of their time on games might have difficulty communicating with real people. They might have trouble sharing and resolving problems because they do not practice these shills when sitting alone at a computer.
Another problem is about health. Game players usually sit for hours without doing any exercise. And they might not eat healthily. As a result, they might be out of shape.
Next, game players might have trouble with their lessons. Many of them spend more time playing games than working on their homework. In the end, _______________.
Finally, it is always possible that the gamers become addicted(成瘾). Some people play four or five hours a day or even all day. This happened to a 28-year-old Korean man. He spent about 50 hours playing an online game without sleeping or eating well. He died while gaming!
This is one example of the dangers of video gaming. It tells us that video gaming, like everything else, should not be done too much. A few hours a week should not hurt, but several hours a day just might be dangerous to your health.
Children of 8 to 12 in the US spent at least _____ hours a week playing video games.

A．13

B．16

C．28

D．50

How many problems about playing video games are mentioned in the passage?

A．Two.

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

Which of the following is the right sentence for the blank(空白处) in Paragraph 5?

A．they might become ill	B．they might lose their friends
C．they might stop playing games	D．they might get lower grades at school

What does the writer want to tell us by writing this passage?

A．Video gaming has quite a lot of advantages.

B．Video gaming might be a dangerous thing.

C．Childhood is a time of fun and games.

D．Children should learn how to get along with others

Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961. Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but also many of them have lived there in space stations for some time.
The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was called Salyut 1. Salyut 1 was designed as a place where people could live while they observed space and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own space station, called Skylab.
Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until the late 1980s when The Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station was too old and no longer safe to live in.
Living in space stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them is food. All the meals on space station are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care.
Without the help of gravity, sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be very careful to that food does not float away.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “observed” in Paragraph 2?

A．Discovered

B．Checked

C．Watched

D．Fixed

What can we infer(推断)from the passage?

A．Astronauts can never have a chance to eat fresh food when they live in space station.

B．The Soviet Union sent a total of 9 space stations into space in the 1970s and 1980s.

C．Astronauts could live in the Mir space station for no more than three weeks.

D．Space travel has quite a long history of more than 60 years.

What is the best title of this passage?

A．Exploring Space

B．Space Travel

C．Living in Space

D．Space Stations

Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers. But last summer, Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son: suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. "The door to his room is always shut." Joanna noted.
Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter. "She used to sit in my arms on the sofa and talk with me," said Mark. "Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is which."
Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what's on their minds. "In fact, parents are first on the list." said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. "This completely changes during the teen years." Riera explained. "They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last."
Parents who know what's going on in their teenagers' lives are in the best position to help them. To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental break, for children also need freedom, though young. Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them.
We can know Michael Riera in the passage is ________.

A．An author.

B．A mother.

C．A father.

D．A teenager.

"The door to his room is always shut" suggests that the son_______.

A．is always busy with his studies

B．doesn't want to be disturbed

C．keeps himself away from his parents

D．begins to dislike his parents

What troubles Tina and Mark most is that _______.

A．their daughter isn't as lovely as before

B．they can't read their daughter's mind exactly

C．they don't know what to say to their daughter

D．their daughter talks with them only when she needs help

Which of the following best explains "the wall of silence" in the last paragraph?

A．Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.

B．Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.

C．Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.

D．Teenagers talk little about their own lives.

What can be learned from the passage?

A．Parents are unhappy with their growing children.

B．Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers.

C．Parents should be patient with their silent teenagers.

D．Parents should try to understand their teenagers.

Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say if a person wants to be successful he has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks(手艺). They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rain in summer may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
If a person without lots of money wants to buy a car, he or she has to ______.

A．treat the dog well	B．live with lots of dogs
C．work like a dog	D．become sick as a dog

The saying you can never teach an old dog new tricks tells us older people ______.

A．have more ways to do things	B．do things more slowly
C．dislike to learn new things	D．know wonderful tricks

Which of the following is NOT true according to this passage?

A．Many dogs are loved and treated well by people in America.

B．“Every dog has its day” means dogs are the most successful animal.

C．“It rains cats and dogs” has the same meaning as “It rains heavily”.

D．There are many expressions with the word dog in English.

The first way to make friends is to smile. When you smile, people think you are __1___ and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile. But, you can practice in the mirror(镜子). When you look at yourself, think if you’d like to __2___ to your smiling face or your usual face. Of course the smiling face. Most people stay away from an __3___ face.
One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say __4___ nice about them. For example, you could talk about an interesting __5___ to a teacher’s question, good match at the ball field, pretty shirt, etc…. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to __6___ talking to that person?
Ask your new friends questions about themselves. Such as: “Who’s their favorite singer?” “Where do they live, who’s their teacher?” “What do they do after school?” … etc. They are all good questions to start a __7___.
When someone asks you a question, do have an answer for them. If you don’t __8___ who your favorite singer is, or what your hobbies are, think about it. There’s nothing that will __9___ a conversation quicker than a shrug(耸肩) for an answer.
Shy kids often have some trouble with complements. When someone says something nice, shy kids often say nothing. This leaves the other person __10___ if they said something wrong. The best and easiest reply to a complement is a simple “thank you”.

A．funny B．strang C．crazy D．friendly

A．talk B．say C．see D．look

A．honest B．old C．angry D．exciting

A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing

A．answer B．book C．decision D．invention

A．have B．prefer C．finish D．keep

A．discussion B．conversation C．meeting D．game

A．meet B．believe C．know D．guess

A．try B．stop C．find D．make

A．wondering B．forgetting C．hearing D．knowing

Nowadays，WeChat is becoming more and more （26）　　 in China．No matter where we are，we can sign up and send text or voice messages to our friends．We can also find a stranger to talk to by shaking the （27）　　．Another funny function（作用） is that WeChat can help to search for people （28）　　 live nearby with the program on．Many people like this function，（29）　　 it can help them to find more people who they may know．

In my opinion．WeChat is really （30）　　 useful chatting tool．It can help people        （31）　　 with their friends more easily．（32）　　，it is also bad for people，especially for students．As you see，some people use WeChat （33）　　 too long．It is not healthy to them．So I have some advice to use it in a correct way．First，we should not use it when we are studying．We can't focus on our study if we use it．Second，we must be careful．We should neither show too much personal information （34）　　 trust（相信） strangers so much．

We should learn how to use it properly（正确地）．Remember．WeChat is not everything in your life．（35）　　 depend too much on it．

26．A．popular	B．cheap	C．poor
27．A．radio	B．phone	C．computer
28．A．where	B．what	C．who
29．A．though	B．but	C．because
30．A．/	B．an	C．a
31．A．argue	B．communicate	C．dance
32．A．However	B．Whoever	C．Wherever
33．A．for	B．in	C．on
34．A．or	B．nor	C．and
35．A．Doesn't	B．Don't	C．Isn't

It's reported that China will allow all couples （71） 　　two children from January 1st，2016．It will end the onechild （72） 　　that has been carried out since the late 1970s．One child policy（73） 　　some problems to onechild families and the country．The government has realized the problems，so the government will change the situation．

The longawaited （期待已久的）policy immediately excited the public．Many（74） 　　couples will prepare for a second child，because they think only （75） 　　one child will make the only child feel （76） 　　．So they want to have （77） 　　child．But some young couples are still considering whether to have a second child．They think having another child will need much money．（78） 　　life will be hard．

But many businessmen have begun seeking opportunities to earn money from the policy．Almost all companies are （79） 　　childraising，including baby clothes，toys and cartoons．Some foreign milk powder companies do business in China．

James Liang，a professor in Peking University，predicts that the annual （每年的） number of births will increase by 2.4million．"（80） 　　30，000yuan （about ＄4，724）is spent on a baby every year，about 75billion yuan will be created，"said Liang．

71．A．to have	B．has	C．having	D．had
72．A．fact	B．result	C．reason	D．policy
73．A．teach	B．brought	C．gave	D．take
74．A．young	B．old	C．bad	D．foreign
75．A．has	B．had	C．having	D．have
76．A．happily	B．happy	C．lonely	D．alone
77．A．other	B．another	C．others	D．another one
78．A．Theirs	B．His	C．Her	D．Their
79．A．with	B．about	C．at	D．in
80．A．When	B．Although	C．If	D．Unless

Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly? Or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?
If you do, you need to control(控制) your feelings and stop getting angry so easily. Getting angry easily can make you lose friends.
Gary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, wrote My Feelings are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings. It tells teens how to stay cool when bad things happen to them. The book says that getting angry only makes problems worse. It can not make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act”, the book says. It is just a bad habit, like smoking. The book says you can control your anger easily, and all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.
When a baby falls over, it cries only when people are watching it. Like a baby, you can only get angry if you are sure it is the right thing to do.
The book gives many suggestions to help you if you get angry easily. Here are the top three.
①Keep a record. Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry too easily.
②Ask your friends to stop talking to you when you get angry. This will teach you not to be angry.
③Do something different. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh!
The writer wants to tell us ____.

A．not to get angry easily	B．to work hard at school
C．to do more exercises	D．to help each other

The writer thinks that if you get angry easily you will ____.

A．get ill very easily	B．lose your friends
C．put on weight easily	D．eat less

My Feelings are Just Like Wild Animals is a ____.

A．story

B．book

C．picture

D．film

My Feelings are Just Like Wild Animals mainly tells us ____.

A．what to read	B．how to read
C．how to stay cool	D．how to learn English well

In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “it” refers to(指的是)____.

A．the book

B．anger

C．habit

D．the baby