初中英语说明文试题

American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect（反映）the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War Ⅱ, the population of most large American cities became smaller; however, the population shifts（转移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents（居民）became richer. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their flats in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs（郊区）.
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young people are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and what the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as some advantages. Countless poor people must leave their flats in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make flats for sale instead of for rent（租金）. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.
The main idea of the passage is _________.

A．cities around the world

B．the dying cities

C．the changing American cities

D．the changing of the American culture

Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ?

A．Because older American cities were dying.

B．Because they were richer and needed more space.

C．Because cities included the worst parts of society.

D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city.

According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities _________.

A．are faced with housing problems

B．are made to move to the suburbs

C．want to sell their buildings

D．need more money for daily costs

We can know from the passage that _________.

A．American cities are changing for the worse

B．the population is getting smaller in older American cities

C．many people are now moving from American cities

D．people have different views on American cities

Once there was a king and his daughter． The king asked his daughter how much she loved him． She said that she loved him as much as the loved（1） 　　． Her answer made the king very happy． Salt is simple thing， （2） 　　it is very important． So the king thought his daughter cared a lot about him．

Salt has many（3） 　　． Our bodies need salt． If we don't have enough， our bodies can't work properly． We put salt on icy roads to make them（4） 　　． We also use salt to produce other products， like paper and glass． But for many years， salt's most important job was to（5） 　　food． Like other living things， most bacteria（细菌） need water to live． Salt takes in plenty of water， so most bacteria（细菌） can not live（6） 　　a salty environment． As a result， salt protects food and many other things． For much of human history， this ability has made salt（7） 　　．Every ancient culture from Egypt to China depended on salt． Even today， the hard﹣working ，useful people are（8） 　　as "the salt of the earth"．

For centuries， salt was also hard to （9） 　　． Its usefulness， together with rarity（稀有） made it very expensive． Salt could even be used like（10） 　　． In fact， the word salary （薪水） comes from the word salt．

Today， salt is used more widely and it still plays an important role in our life．

（1）A． salt	B． air	C． gold	D． sugar
（2）A． or	B． so	C． and	D． but
（3）A． forms	B． secrets	C． uses	D． skills
（4）A． wide	B． safe	C． smooth	D． thick
（5）A． protect	B． provide	C． produce	D． prepare
（6）A． in	B． outside	C． for	D． without
（7）A． hopeful	B． comfortable	C．valuable	D． successful
（8）A． saved	B． dreamed	C． invited	D． described
（9）A． sell	B． get	C． take	D． keep
（10）． money	B． medicine	C． earth	D． food

Mascots for the Olympic Games

20^th	23^rd	26^th
1972	1984	1996
Munich (慕尼黑)	Los Angeles	Atlanta
Germany	America	America
Europe	North America	North America
27^th	29^th
2000	2008
Sydney	Beijing
Australia	China
Oceania	Asia

From the above, we know the Olympic Games is held(被举行) every ______ years.

A．3

B．4

C．5

D．6

The Beijing Olympic Games has 2 more mascots than those for ___Olympic Games.

A．Sydney

B．Los Angeles

C．Atlanta

D．Munich

The 20^th Olympic Games was held in ____.

A．North America

B．Europe

C．Oceania

D．Asia

The 23rd and 26^th Olympic Games were held in the same ____.

A．town

B．city

C．country

D．province

Which of the following information is NOT true?

A．The 1996 Olympic Games was held in America.

B．The 27^th Olympic Games was held in Europe.

C．The 29^th Olympic Games was held in China.

D．The mascot for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games is not only one.

Birthdays are celebrated all over the world. Some ways to celebrate birthdays are rather similar from county to country: candles, cakes, and birthday wishes. But there are also different ways to celebrate birthdays. Here are a few:

When someone is having a birthday in Denmark, you can see _____ outside the window.

A．flowers	B．presents
C．a flag	D．a chair

In _______, only birthday children wear colored clothes to school.

A．India	B．Holland
C．Denmark	D．Japan

In Japan, the birthday is more important for boys when they are ________.

A．15

B．7

C．5

D．3

The passage is mainly about __________.

A．similar ways of celebrating birthdays in some countries

B．different ways of celebrating birthdays in some countries

C．children’s birthdays in western countries

D．the importance of children’s birthdays

Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera.. It came into being after 1790 when the famous four  Anhui opera troupe(戏班) came to Beijing. Its music and singing(唱腔) came from Xipi and Er-huang in Anhui and Hubei. Its costtumes are all fascinating and artistic.It is the highest expression of the Chinese culture. It’s full of famous stories , beautiful facial paintings, and wonderful gestures and fighting. This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.
There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng ,Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng is the leading male(男性) actor。For example , a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter .A Xiaosheng is a young man . A Laosheng is the comedy actor or clown.Dan is the female (女性)role 。 Jing，mostly male , is the face-painted role and Chou is the comedy actor or clown.
Stories in Beijing Opera are very intetesting . Some of them are from the history book ,but most of them are from the literature , especially famous novels . The people in the story usually have some disagreements. They become angry and uhappy . They are sad and lonely . Sometimes they are nervous and worried. Then they find a way to make peace . The stories usually end with happiness and lunghter and people are all happy in the end.
.Beijing Opera’s singing is from _______.

A．Anhui and hubei	B．Beijing and Anhui
C．the history book	D．the literature and novls

.The second paragraph(段落) of the reading is about the______of Beijing Opera.

A．stories

B．roles

C．gestures

D．Paintings

From the reading ,we know the the Chou most probably has a(n) _____feature.

A．honest

B．funny

C．dull

D．serious

.Which of the following statements is TURE?

A． Peking Opera is full of different gestures.

B． There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.

C． Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.

D． The people in the story usually are in agreement.

What role is Sheng ?

A．the eading male actor	B．the female role
C．the comedy actor or clown.	D．the face-painted role

If you pay a visit to Liu Hasheng's restaurant in Harbin，you will find 18 robots there．They are ready to serve you and make sure that your dining e（81） 　 　is perfect．After the visit，you can tell others that the robots serving customers isn't a dream any more．

It's wonderful to see h（82） 　 　the 18robots work in the restaurant．The wonder s（83） 　 　when you walk in．You'll see a robot come up and say，"Earth person，hello!Welcome to the Robot Restaurant．"When you have ordered your m（84） 　 　，the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking．After the food is p（85） 　 　，a robot waiter will glide （滑行） out of the kitchen to serve you with the meal you've ordered．And as customers enjoy their d（86） 　 　food，a robot sings lovely songs for them．

You may ask，"Where did all these robots come from？"Liu said they were designed （设计） and m（87） 　 　by the Harbin Haohai Robot Company．Liu said he invested （投资） 5million yuan in the restaurant，with each robot costing 200，000 yuan to 300，000 yuan．And the w（88） 　 　robot team is managed by the workers in the computer room．

After a busy day，all the robots will go for a"meal"，which is e（89） 　 　．After 5 hours，the robots can continue their work for a day．The restaurant now provides a menu with more than 30 dishes （菜肴），and the average （平均） cost for a dinner is a（90） 　 　40to 50yuan．Do you want to go and have a try in this restaurant？

美国加利福尼亚州Bellcrest学校的学生创办了一本名叫School Bell的校刊。阅读下面制作校刊的六个步骤，完成制作流程的正确排序。

A  → ______ → ______ → ______ → ______ →______

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Little Women is Louisa May Alcott's most famous novel.The novel follows the（1） 　 　of the four March sisters - Meg，Jo，Beth and Amy - and is based on the writer's own（2） 　　of growing up with her three sisters during the American Civil War （1861﹣1865）.

The main theme in the story is the importance of（3） 　　.Other themes include the need to work and self﹣improvement.

When the story begins the sisters are complaining because they are（4） 　　and have to work.Their mother says that they mustn't spend money on pleasure（5） 　 　there is a war and everybody must help.Their father is in the army.In the letters their father sends home he tells his daughters to work hard and not to waste their time.They must try to（6） 　　the bad things in their lives and stay cheerful.He wants to be proud of them when he comes home.The girls decide to make an effort to（7） 　　themselves because they love and miss their father very much.

Alcott was interested in women's rights and，through the four March sisters，she explored （探索）four different（8） 　 　 of being a woman in those days.Meg leaves the family to get（9） 　　 and have a new family.Beth devotes （致力于）herself to（10） 　　 her own family.Amy focuses on herself and her own pleasure.And Jo，like Alcott herself，tries to have a career in writing and care for her family at the same time.

（1）A.rules	B.lives	C.secrets
（2）A.experiences	B.expressions	C.directions
（3）A.friendship	B.work	C.family
（4）A.poor	B.rich	C.clever
（5）A.so	B.because	C.if
（6）A.sell	B.find	C.accept
（7）A.improve	B.serve	C.imagine
（8）A.maps	B.ways	C.circles
（9）A.dressed	B.lost	C.married
（10）A.looking after	B.looking for	C.asking for

What makes us ill？It is the germs（细菌）.（1）　　are everywhere.The are very（2）　 　.You can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them（3）　　a microscope（显微镜）.There could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

    Germs are always found in（4）　　water.When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see（5）　　.So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

    Germs are found not only in（6）　　.They are found（7）　 　in air and dust（灰尘）.When you（8）　　your finger，if some dust from the floor goes into the cut，some germs would go into your finger.Then you will have much pain in it.Sometimes germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.

（1）A.Germs	B.Books	C.Gardens
（2）A.big	B.small	C.long
（3）A.with	B.to	C.of
（4）A.clean	B.tidy	C.dirty
（5）A.them	B.him	C.they
（6）A.food	B.drink	C.water
（7）A.neither	B.also	C.too
（8）A.cut	B.check	C.make

A famous designer（设计师） and a university student produce a new cup called Vessyl．They have spent several years （1）　　it．The smart cup can not only tell Coca Cola from Pepsi Cola，（2）　　also tell people whether they should drink water or not．

    When people（3）　　liquid（液体） into this smart cup，a few seconds（秒） later，it can check this kind of liquid and tell them what it is．Then it gives（4）　information of the drink，such as sugar，fat and calorie．When people put the cup in their （5）　　，it can also show them the condition of their bodies．If they are （6）　　．Vessyl can tell them to drink water．

    "My partner and I want people to （7）　　 healthy．In modern society，people are usually （8）　　 busy to do exercise，or even drink enough water every day．They have much （9）　　．We produce this smart cup so that people can make a choice （10）　　．"the designer said．

（1）A．in	B．on	C．at	D．of
（2）A．and	B．though	C．nor	D．but
（3）A．pour	B．pull	C．lift	D．regard
（4）A．a few	B．a lot	C．lots of	D．many
（5）A．desks	B．hands	C．bags	D．mouths
（6）A．full	B．hungry	C．thirsty	D．awful
（7）A．carry	B．have	C．touch	D．keep
（8）A．too	B．to	C．so	D．very
（9）A．danger	B．pressure	C．power	D．laughter
（10）A．quietly	B．hardly	C．wisely	D．recently

    Everyone knows that second﹣hand smoke is as dangerous as first﹣hand

smoke． But have you （ 1）h　　 of "third﹣hand" smoke？Third﹣hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面） of things around， （2）l　　 furniture or clothes． When someone smokes in a room， poisonous particles（粒子） in tobacco （烟草） smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes， even after the cigarette （香烟） has been put out． This can cause a great danger to your family， （3）e　　younger children．

     Babies have only just learned to walk． They are more likely to be harmed by third﹣hand smoke． This is（4）b　　 they are often close to surfaces of things． such as floors， walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain． When they （5）t　　 these surfaces， they get their hands polluted．

     So， it is necessary and important to say （6）n　　 to third﹣hand smoke． To achieve this， strict （ 7 ） r　　 for forbidding （禁止） smoking inside homes should be carried out． If one of your family members smokes， please make sure he smokes （8）o　　 the house． Get him a special jacket and hat， so once he （9）f　　 smoking， he will take them off before getting inside the house． Moreover， make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face， and changes his clothes before picking up the baby．

     Many times， you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child， but it doesn't mean he or she is （10）s　　"． Give up smoking， or if that is not possible， make sure that your loved ones， far away from third﹣hand smoke．

The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world．With a （1） 　 　of more than 2，000 years， some parts of the Great Wall have disappeared．（2） 　 　， it is still a very popular place of interest．

It is the （3） 　 　wall ever built． It is about 8 meters high． The top is 8 meters wide and it （4） 　 　even wider at the bottom． It is made （5） 　 　stone and brick． People built it by （6） 　 　and it took a long time to finish．

No one knows（7） 　 　when the building of the Great Wall was started． It is believed that the wall was built to （8） 　 　parts of the country in the old days． It also made people live a（n） （9） 　 　life．

Today， many of the visitors go to see the Great Wall．（10） 　 　they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall， they can't help saying，"Wow， that's fantastic!"

（1）A． number	B． purpose	C． history	D． choice
（2）A． But	B． So	C． And	D． However
（3）A． longest	B． shortest	C． farthest	D． biggest
（4）A． needs	B． gets	C． spends	D． sounds
（5）A． from	B． into	C． by	D． of
（6）A． hand	B． accident	C． machine	D． mistake
（7）A．usually	B．normally	C．exactly	D．luckily
（8）A．provide	B．protect	C．search	D．produce
（9）A．smart	B．awful	C．terrible	D．peaceful
（10）A．Before	B．Unless	C．When	D．Though

A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking. Some of them are thought to be bad habits. People spend countless hours and dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why? Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.
First, look at why you do it. In other words, what’s the result of doing this thing? If your bad habit is shouting at people when you are unhappy or under pressure, what do you get from it? It may make you feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit of leaving your homework undone. The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!
Next, take a look on the other hand. What are you losing because of your habit? Shouting at other people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad habit because you may be punished by your teacher. Having more Internet time means that you are losing the chance to learn the things that you need to learn. When you think that way, you’ll find that it’s not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I’m sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.
From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A．a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B．people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C．none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D．though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

The underlined sentence “there is no shortcut to achieve it” means that ________.

A．it is not easy to get rid of bad habits

B．there is a long way and a short way

C．something dangerous may happen

D．we must cut it in a short time.

The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A．introduce and describe	B．complain（埋怨）and disagree
C．explain(解释) and advise	D．discuss and argue（争论）

Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the local people of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the local people become unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy(经济). It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance(推进) the well-being (health and happiness) of local people.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a lot of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.
What is probably the reason if local people dislike tourists?

A．Tourists come to enjoy the customs and beauty.

B．Local people lose jobs.

C．A lot of hotels are built.

D．Too many tourists cause traffic problems.

What can we do to solve the problems caused by tourism?

A．Make plans properly.

B．Help the country’s economy.

C．Build fewer hotels.

D．Advance the well-being of local people.

If tourism grows too quickly, ___________.

A．businesses will lose money

B．other parts of the country’s economy will make more money

C．local people will be happier

D．more local people will work for tourists.

Support facilities needed by tourist attractions includes ___________.
①public places ②hotels ③airports ④roads ⑤electricity  ⑥sewers  

A．①②③④⑤

B．②③④⑤⑥

C．①②③⑤⑥

D．①③④⑤⑥

If the writer wants to add Paragraph 5 to the passage, he may tell us ________.

A．whether people need to build more hotels

B．whether people need to plan tourism properly

C．how to deal with the problems above

D．how to prevent tourism growing too quickly