高中英语阅读理解

Two things changed my life：my mother and a white plastic bike basket．I have thought long and hard about it and it's true．I would be a different person if my mom hadn't turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today．

My mother and father were united in their way of raising children，but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out．Looking back，I honestly don't know how she did it．Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task．，but she made it look effortless．If we complained about not having what another kid did，we'd hear something like，"I don't care what so﹣and﹣so got for his birthday，you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16party．"We had to earn our allowance（零用钱） by doing chores around the house．I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table．My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house．Like the two little girls growing up at the White House，we made our own beds （no one left the house unitil that was done）and picked up after ourselves．We had to keep track of our belongings，and if something was lost，it was not replaced．

It was summer and，one day，my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed﹣﹣﹣and there it was in the window，White，shiny，plastic and decorated with flowers，the basket winked at me and I knew﹣﹣﹣﹣I knew﹣﹣﹣I had to have it．

"It's beautiful，"my mother said when I pointed it out to her，"What a neat basket．"

I tried to hold off at first，I played it cool for a short while．But then Iguess I couldn't atand it any longer："Mon，please can I please，please get it？I'll do extra chores for as long as you say，I'll do anything，but I need that basket，I love that basket．Please，Mom．Please？"

I was desperate．

"You know，"she said，gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever，"If you save up you could buy this yourself．"

"By the time I make enough it'll bu gone!"

"Maybe Roger here could hold it for you，"she smiled at Roger，the bike guy．

"He can't hold it for that long，Mom．Someone else will buy it．Please，Mom，Please？"

"There might be another way，"she said．

And so our paying plan unfolded．My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could't find．Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there （washing the car，helping my mother make dinner，delivering or collevting things on my bike that already looked nakedwithout the basket in front）．And then，weeks later，I counted，re﹣counted and jumped for joy．Oh，happy day!I made it!I finally had the exact amount we'd agreed upon…．

Days later the unthinkable happened．A neighborhood girl I'd played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny，new bike that already had all the bells and whistles．I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster．This horrible turn of events．

And then came the lesson．I've taken with me through my life："Honey，Your basket is extra﹣special，"Mom said，gently wiping away my hot tears．"Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself．"

55．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？ 　 　

A．	The children enjoyed doing housework．
B．	The author came from s well﹣off family
C．	The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D．	The children were fond of the US president's daughters．

56．When the author saw the basket in the window，she 　 　．

A．	fell in love with it
B．	stared at her mother
C．	recognized it at once
D．	went up to the bike guy

57．Why did the author say many"please"to her mother？ 　 　

A．	She longed to do extra work．
B．	She was eager to have the basket．
C．	She felt tired after standing too long．
D．	She wanted to be polite to her mother．

58．By using"naked"（Paragraph 12），the author seems to stress that the basket was 　 　

A．	something she could afford
B．	something important to her
C．	something impossible to get
D．	something she could do without

59．To the author，it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that 　 　

A．	something spoiled her paying plan
B．	the basket cost more than she had saved
C．	a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D．	someone else had got a basket of the same kind

60．What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother？ 　 　

A．	Save money for a rainy day
B．	Good advice is beyond all price．
C．	Earn your bread with your sweat
D．	God helps those who help themselves．

A scientist working at her lab bench and a six﹣old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common．After all，the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world，and the baby is，well，just playing…right？Perhaps，but some developmental psychologists （心理学家）have argued that this"play"is more like a scientific investigation than one might think．

Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table．Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls in the ground﹣﹣﹣and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact（相互作用）； bowls of rice do not float in mid﹣are，but require support to remain stable．It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it．Instead，babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact．Though their ranges and tools differ，the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim（to learn about the natural world ），overall approach （gathering direct evidence from the world），and logic （are my observations what I expected？）．

Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way﹣﹣﹣that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means．For example，it may only be through repeated experiments，evidence gathering，and finally overturning a theory，that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has，for example，unlike the child，Mommy actually doesn't like Dove chocolate．

Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists．Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike？Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort﹣﹣﹣the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world﹣﹣﹣is simply something that comes from our babyhood．Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children．The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists．As some psychologists put it，"It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children．"

50．According to some developmental psychologists， 　 　

A．	a baby's play is nothing more than a game．
B．	scientific research into babies； games is possible
C．	the nature of babies'play has been thoroughly investigated
D．	a baby's play is somehow similar to a scientist's experiment

51．We learn from Paragraph 2 that 　 　

A．	scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B．	scientists and babies often interact with each other
C．	babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D．	babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

52．Children may learn the rules of language by 　 　

A．	exploring the physical world
B．	investigating human psychology
C．	repeating their own experiments
D．	observing their parents'behaviors

53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？ 　 　

A．	The world may be more clearly explained through children's play．
B．	Studying babies'play may lead to a better understanding of science．
C．	Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists．
D．	One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows．

54．What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists'research and babies'play？ 　 　

A．	Convincing．	B．	Confused．
C．	Confident．	D．	Cautious．

46．Suppose you are doing research on children's relationship skills，you may want to read 　 　．

A．	Circle Time for Young Children
B．	Children with School Problems：A Phsysician's Manual
C．	Education and Disaddvantaged Children and Young People
D．	Build It，Make It，Do It，Play It!Guides for Children and Teens

47．Which book would you recommend to someone interested in children's mental imanges？ 　 　

A．	Connecting Animals and Children in Early Childhood．
B．	Songs in Their Heads：Music and Its Meaning in children's Lives．
C．	Big Ideas for Little Kids：Teaching Philosophy Through children's Literature．
D．	Young Children as Artists：Art and Design in the Early Years and Key Stage 1．

48．How many books published in 2015  are found in this search？ 　 　

A．	9．	B．	90．
C．	118．	D．	290．

49．Children with School Problems：A Phsysician's Manual is most likely intended for 　 　．

A．	educators	B．	librarians
C．	doctors	D．	artists．

"Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday？"Lindsey whipers to Tori．

With her eyes shining，Tori brags，"You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago．"

Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedmam，I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true．Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton Higt School，including me．Many of our conversations are gossip（闲话）．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group．

An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic﹣breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out﹣that a person would rather keep secret．The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes．Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie．People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain．

If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us．Sharing the latest rumor（传言）can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't．Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group．"In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority（优越感）．

Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act．Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group．Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention．The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook．

The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation．The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have．

41．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passahe to 　 　．

A．	introduce a topic
B．	present an argument
C．	describe the characters
D．	clarify his writing purpose

42．An important negative effects of gossip is that it 　 　．

A．	breaks up relationships
B．	embarrasses the listener
C．	spreads information around
D．	causes unpleasant experiences

43．In the author's opinion，many people like to gossip because it 　 　．

A．	gives them a feeling of pleasure
B．	helps them to make more friends
C．	makes them better at telling stories
D．	enables them to meet important people

44．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can 　 　．

A．	provide students with written rules
B．	help people watch their own behaviors
C．	force school to impove student handbooks
D．	attract the police's attention to group behaviors

45．What advice does the author give in the passage？ 　 　

A．	Never become a gossiper
B．	Stay away from gossipers
C．	Don't let gossip turn into lies
D．	Think twice before you gossip．

Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵） at some of the country's busiest stations．

In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．

A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．

According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．

A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"

Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．

The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．

In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．

（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）

78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？　　

79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？　　

80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least　　 in height．

81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for　　．

I have two sons．They are as different as night and day．My youngest is sweet, loveable, easy-going, and finds joy in everything．My oldest we’ve nicknamed the “Evil Genius” is ambitious, self-confident, and suffers no fools．
Whenever we mentioned Santa my husband and I were rewarded with major eye rolling and deep sighs from my oldest．At first we both tried to ignore it．
We both knew that our eldest had figured out the big secret．But I’d be damned(指责) if he was going to ruin it for his six-year-old brother who had plenty of Santa-loving years ahead of him．I looked at my husband in the eye and said, “I’ll handle this．” to which he responded “Okay just be careful because I’m not sure he knows - he might just be acting like it．” But I knew．And I had it in my mind that he was about to break his younger brothers spirit and break the news to him．I was afraid he was going to take the Christmas spirit away from my sweet innocent youngest and stamp all over it．I had to protect him．I needed to control this now before it got out of control．I rushed into the play room where my oldest was playing alone．I looked him dead in the eyes and said: “Well you know Santa isn’t real, right?” And as I stared at my eight-year-old son for what seemed like a long time of silence, his eyes started to fill with tears． And a tear dropped down his cheek when he screamed out, “He’s not?”
“Um well it’s not that he’s not real (shut up you idiot- stop saying he’s not real), but he doesn’t really make and deliver all the toys．Dad and I get some of them for you．So he’s real．He’s just got a little help from us．”
The Evil Genius wasn’t buying it．He just sat there looking at me with an expression of doubt．
You know when you make a terrible mistake but you can’t stop yourself from making it worse? That was me because I just had to know．I had to know why he had seemed to be over Santa． So I asked him why he rolled his eyes and sighed every time his father and I mentioned Santa, to which he replied that kids at school had been saying Santa wasn't real but that he still thought he was．
What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Two different sons

B．Santa secret given away

C．Protecting one, ruining the other

D．Making a mistake worse

What did the writer conclude when “Evil Genius” rolled his eyes and sighed?

A．“Evil Genius” had discovered Santa was not real．

B．“Evil Genius” had broken the secret to his younger brother．

C．“Evil Genius” had passed his Santa-loving years．

D．“Evil Genius” had been influenced by his classmates．

What does the underlined sentence mean in the passage?

A．“Evil Genius” refused to buy toys．

B．“Evil Genius” didn’t believe his mother’s words．

C．“Evil Genius” wanted to keep silent．

D．“Evil Genius” would not give away the secret．

What lesson can we learn from the story?

A．Lies can never change facts．

B．Honesty is the best policy．

C．No one is perfect．

D．We should think twice before we act．

“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor’ than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder that more people don’t wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with complaining about the noise．Here are some examples of rudeness．
Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet．To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward． It feels very slow because humans don’t work at 4G speeds．When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone．We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with．What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous（匿名的）rude messages by email．
However, rudeness is never acceptable．Don’t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you’re in touch with won’t recognize you．If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it．Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting．
We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings．Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives．An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings．People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if we’d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them．
What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?

A．People can tell good from bad behavior．

B．Radar is able to observe human behavior．

C．People care little about their behavior．

D．Radar can be used to predict human behavior．

Some people are less willing to deal with humans because__________．

A．they are becoming less patient

B．they are growing too independent

C．they have to handle many important messages

D．they have to follow an evolutionary step backward．

The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is ___________．

A．Ridiculous

B．disgusting

C．acceptable

D．reasonable

What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．We should applaud good behavior．

B．Technology can never be blamed

C．We should keep pointing out mistakes．

D．Technology will take over lives one day．

Death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two phases --- clinical or temporary death and biological death．Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage．The organism can still be revived(复活)．Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues．Death is then unchangeable and final．
Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs．The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep．By slowing down the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death．
To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta． The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic． Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature．When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery．The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in．For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state．Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees．At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing．After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more．After fifteen minutes, spontaneous(自发的)breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head． After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection, Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room．Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal．
For a person who suffers from the clinical death, _________．

A．his most important organs are damaged．

B．he still has the possibility of getting back to life．

C．he can not avoid final death．

D．he is still very much alive

Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to __________．

A．slow down the body’s metabolism．

B．bring vital cells and tissues back to active life．

C．cool the organism．

D．delay the coming of biological death．

How did the scientists put Keta into clinical death?
A． By putting her to sleep, lowering her temperature and draining her blooD．
B． By surrounding her body with ice-bags and draining her blood．
C． By lowing her blood pressure and stopping her heart from beating．
D． By draining her blood, lowering her blood pressure and stopping her breathing．
All of the following indicate that the monkey has almost restored to her original physical state except the fact that__________．

A．her heart beat again．

B．she regained her normal breath．

C．she rejected a penicillin injection．

D．she acted as lively as a healthy monkey．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Charles Stratton was five, he stopped growing． His mother took him to see the famous showman, P．T．Barnum． Mr．Barnum thought a small person would be the perfect addition to his show．He hired Charles' parents along with him, and they traveled the world together．
He gave the two-foot-tall Charles a name, General Tom Thumb．He taught Tom how to sing, dance, act and tell jokes． When he felt Tom was ready to perform on stage, he made up ads．To stir up great interest, he said that Tom was eleven years old and had come from England．
During the show, Tom fought battles pretendedly with tall people．He also danced upon a wooden plate held by a person who was eight feet tall．Tom's act was very popular and brought in a lot of money．By the time Tom was an adult, he had grown very rich．He had become a billionaire at the age of twenty five．
Fortunately for Tom, Mr．Barnum added more little people to his show, and Tom became lucky in love as well．One of the little people was Lavinia Warren, a schoolteacher．Tom was able to win her love, and they married．
The ceremony and reception were the talk of the town．They were attended by many rich and famous people and by about 2000 guests．Crowds filled the streets of New York to have a look at their tiny wedding marriage．The couple even met with President Abraham Lincoln on their honeymoon just before going to live in Tom's house in Connecticut．
Their wedding, which took place during the Civil War, provided a welcome escape from the sad problems of war．Not willing to let this bit of sunshine fade, communities throughout the country sponsored "Tom Thumb" weddings．In these weddings, small boys and girls, all dressed up, went through marriage ceremony for fun．
The underlined words "talk of the town" means________．

A．it was in the newspaper

B．it was the most popular topic

C．people spread bad rumors about it

D．it was discussed in a city meeting

What does the author think about Tom's wedding?

A．Tom and Lavinia were stupid．

B．People gave it too much of their attention．

C．It was funny and ridiculous．

D．It helped people cheer up in a dark time．

What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．Weddings always make people feel full of sunshine．

B．People are always disappointed during war time．

C．Entertainment can serve an important purpose．

D．People should be married when they are small children．

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business ．But he was not a good artist ．So he invented a very simple camera ．He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden ．That was the first photo．
The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837．That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room ．He used a new kind of camera in a different way． In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing． This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype．
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way． Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world ．people took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains．
In about 1840, photography was developed ．Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things ．That was not simple ．The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines． But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard．
Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer． He took many pictures of great people ．The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century ．Some photos were not just copies of the real world ．They showed feelings, like other kinds of art．
The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ____________

A．his business

B．his house

C．his garden

D．his window

The Daguerrotype was____________．

A．a Frenchman

B．a photographer

C．a kind of camera

D．a kind of picture

If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to_________．

A．watch lots of films

B．buy an expensive camera

C．stop in most cities

D．take many films and something else with him

You can call Zhang Ying if you want to _________________．

A．sell a bike

B．buy a bike

C．have your bike repaired

D．borrow a bike

If you want to find a job, and you can speak English, you can call ____________

A．843-429065

B．228-940605

C．843-316065

D．422-389506

One of the reasons why Li Ming wants someone to share his room is that __________．

A．he wants to live near the campus

B．he wants to improve his English

C．he wants his washer, dryer and kitchen to be used

D．he wants someone to use his kitchen

Robert Waller wishes to rent a room__________________．

A．near the school

B．far away from the school

C．inside the school

D．outside the city

The child of today owes much of its pleasant school life to the work of Maria Montessori and others who felt as she did．
Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in northern Italy． Both her parents were well educated．
While Maria was a student, she took great interest in the study of the particular nature of the child's mind． It came to her that small children should have freedom to learn．
Maria became a doctor and a professor at Rome University．In 1907, after working with backward students, she was given a chance to try out her ideas on children．There were sixty children, aged three to six, in the Children's House．The rooms were bright and colorful．Maria let the children make their own choice of what they wanted to do and work with their own speed． They became busy, peaceful and happy．
Maria Montessori was one of the world's great teachers．She traveled in Europe, America and Far East．She thought that true education, providing(提供) for the real needs of the child, would produce wise and happy grown-ups and therefore a peaceful world． Her original way of education has changed our whole idea of what childhood is．
Maria Montessori died in Holland at the age of eighty-two．
The short passage is mainly about_________．

A．the education of backward students

B．a new idea of education

C．the importance of proper education

D．the life of Maria Montessori

Maria traveled a lot in the world to ________．．

A．teach the backward students

B．enjoy her life in real nature

C．spread her ideas of teaching

D．study the situation of education

In what way did Maria teach the children in the Children's House?

A．She taught them the best way of learning well．

B．She let them learn in a very pleasant way．

C．She taught them by showing them how to do things．

D．She just let them choose the most interesting subjects．

We learn from the passage that ________．

A．Maria left her homeland in order to study abroad

B．Maria didn't get married

C．Maria's own parents were her teachers

D．Maria fully understood the child's mind

Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed． When a person does a certain thing again, he is driven by some unseen force to do the same thing repeatedly, then a habit is formed． Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to get rid of． It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits． Children often form bad habits, some of which remain with them as long as they live． Older persons also form bad habits lasting as long as they live, and sometimes become ruined by them．
There are other habits which, when formed in early life, are of great help． Many successful men say that much of their success has something to do with certain habits in early life, such as early rising, honesty and so on．
Among the habits which children should not form are laziness, lying, stealing and so on．These are all easily formed habits．Unfortunately older persons often form habits which could have been avoided ．
We should keep away from all these bad habits, and try to form such habits as will be good for ourselves and others．
________ are formed little by little．

A．Good habits

B．Bad habits

C．Both good habits and bad habits

D．Either good habits or bad habits

The underlined word "them" in the first paragraph refers to ________．

A．bad habits

B．good habits

C．children

D．other persons．

Why should we pay much attention to the formation of habits?

A．Because habits are of great help to every one of us．

B．Because a man can never get rid of a habit．

C．Because it's hard and sometimes even impossible to throw away bad habits．

D．Because we are forced to do them again and again．

According to the passage, early rising ________．

A．has something to do with success

B．is an easily formed habit

C．is such a habit as should have been avoided

D．is such a habit as will be kept

Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
LT123 Workshops
‘I’m pleased to say that 2015 is our third year sponsoring the IATEFL information desk．This year, we are running three workshops covering some of the key areas of our wide-ranging special skills: testing, editing and vocabulary．We how to see you.’ 
—— Russell Whitehead Director
Vocabulary testing: why, what and how? By Felicity O’ Dell & Russell Whitehead
Saturday 11^th April   3:50-4:35 pm Charter 4
Should vocabulary be one of the language features that we test and, if so, why? What vocabulary - and what aspects of vocabulary - should we focus on in our tests? What methods can we use to test vocabulary?
We will discuss answers to these questions, considering the strengths and weaknesses of different types of vocabulary test for different teaching contexts.
There’s something missing from your project - the editor! By David Baker & Fiona MacKenzie
Sunday 12 April   10:25-11:10 am Charter 8
Big publishing companies no longer offer the single route to publication．Whether you are self-publishing, a teaching institution developing its own materials, or a digital start-up, in a highly competitive environment it isn’t enough to write something and just put it out there.
Quality still matters - you can’t afford to forget one of the key roles in successful publishing.
Vocabulary levels: which words are at which level? By Stephen Bullon
Monday 13^th April 1:35-2:20 pm    Charter 8
While students develop their competence in the four skills and in their ability to master grammatical structures, they are together building their vocabulary.
We will try to establish the standards involved in selecting appropriate vocabulary at the various levels students pass through: frequency, teaching requirements, and register are all factors that need to be weighed in the balance.
LT123 is the new name for Language Testing 123, and we are proud sponsors of the 49^th Annual
International IATEFL Conference and Exhibition.
Manchester, April 2015.

To help improve vocabulary teaching and testing, the workshops will focus on ________．

A．how to employ more scientific methods in vocabulary testing

B．how to test vocabulary as the most important language feature

C．what advanced standards to set for the students of different levels

D．what to be concentrated on rather than four basic language skills

From this handout we can know that ________．

A．the audience are editors in the field of language teaching

B．the director of LT123 will be talking in one of the workshops

C．some publishing companies will sponsor similar workshops soon

D．each workshop lasts 45 minutes in the same meeting room

What is the purpose of this handout?

A．To sell newly published books on language testing．

B．To get the audience informed of the events

C．To show the breakthrough in vocabulary teaching．

D．To attract the attention of the host of 2015 IATEFL.

Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Friends and fellow citizens：I stand before you tonight under accusation of the unproven crime of having voted at the last presidential election, without having a lawful right to vote．It shall be my work this evening to prove to you that in thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's rights, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution(宪法), beyond the power of any state to deny.
Our democratic-republican government is based on the idea of the natural right of every individual member to a voice and a vote in making and executing the laws．We declare the duty of government to be to secure the people in the enjoyment of their unchallengeable right．We throw to the winds the belief that government can give right.
‘All men are created equal, and gifted by their Creator with certain undeniable rights．Among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness．To secure these, governments are established among men, gaining their just powers from the agreement of the governed.’
Here is no shadow of government authority over rights, or exclusion of any class from their full and equal enjoyment．Here is pronounced the right of all men, and ‘therefore,’ as the Quaker minister said, ‘of all women,’ to a voice in the government．And here, in this first paragraph of the Declaration, is the declaration of the natural right of all to the vote; for how can ‘the agreement of the governed’ be given, if the right to vote be denied?
The introduction of the Federal(联邦的) Constitution says: ‘We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic peacefulness, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity(子嗣), do establish this Constitution for the United States of America.’
It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; not we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union．And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as men．And it is absolute ridicule to talk to women of their enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the vote.
The speaker was standing in front of the audience to ________.

A．accuse the government of having denied treating her unfairly

B．fight for the legal right to vote in the United States as a woman

C．share a recent victory on voting for the president of the States

D．guarantee that they could better understand the National Constitution

The expression ‘throw to the winds’ (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ‘________’.

A．abandon

B．emphasize

C．shake

D．spread

Which of the following statements is true according to the speech?

A．The Quaker minister holds conflicting opinions on women’s right to vote．

B．Government authority has the right to bar some of the governed out of liberty.

C．The policy is undeniably adopted that all the governed in America have the equal rights．

D．There’s no way to the real agreement of the governed if women’s vote right is robbed.

It can be inferred from the speech that ________.

A．it’s more important to have liberty than have good wishes of it

B．the Federal Constitution comes from the National Constitution

C．it’s ridiculous that women enjoy liberty while their rights are not secured

D．racial and gender issues are among the major social problems of the USA

Which of the following might be the best title of the speech?

A．For the Sake of Liberty and Happiness

B．Vote on the Women’s Rights

C．In the Name of Equal Right to vote

D．Power of American Constitution