Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new 47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael Bloomberg, New York's mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A.To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. |
B.To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas. |
C.To show how the environment-friendly building works. |
D.To compare old and new boiler rooms. |
What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A.Lower running costs. | B.Costing less in construction. |
C.Less air to be lost in hot days . | D.Better prices for homeless people. |
It can be learned from the text that_______________.
A.New York City is seriously polluted |
B.people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City |
C.a great number of people in New York City don't have houses to live in |
D.some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City |
What is the main purpose of this text?
A.To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems. |
B.To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing. |
C.To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families. |
D.To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing. |
I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part in and live in.
With this unshakable belief, I, at fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.
Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品).As a law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.
What can be inferred about the author as a child?
A. He never watched TV. | B. He read what he had to. |
C. He found reading unbelievable. | D. He considered reading part of his life. |
The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means “ ”.
A.an idea | B.a sound quality |
C.a way of writing | D.a world to write about |
What effect does reading have on the author?
A.It helps him to realize his dream. | B.It opens up a wider world for him. |
C.It makes his college life more interesting . | D.It increases his interest in worldwide travel. |
Which of the following can be the best title of this text?
A.Why do I read? | B.How do I read? |
C.What do I read? | D.When do I read? |
Have you ever got stuck with unwanted courses or a class schedule that cannot be changed? If so, that’s because you don’t know how to select the perfect schedule.But by following a few simple steps, you can begin any term with the right courses at the most convenient times.
First, you must find the right courses.These are the ones that have the least amount of work, the fewest tests and the kindest professors.Ask your friends about courses in which they received A’s after attending only 70 percent of the classes.Ask around, too, to see which instructors have given the same tests for the last fifteen years.Photocopies of these tests are usually cheap and can be easily found in school.Then, pick up a copy of the master schedule and study it carefully.Find the course titles that mean an easy pass for a painless subject.Look for titles like “Arts and Crafts for Beginners,” and “Rock Music of the 1950s.”
Next, when you have got lists of easy instructors and subjects you can begin to select your time periods.If you stay up late in order to watch old movies, you may want a daily schedule that begins no sooner than noon.You should schedule only afternoon courses, too, if you’re one of those people who hate to leave a warm bed in the morning.On the other hand, if you are a person who gets out of bed at dawn, you may want to get your classes as early as possible.That way you have the rest of the day free.Morning classes are also necessary if you are a soap opera(肥皂剧)fan.
Finally, you want your schedule to pass through registration successfully.The main way to do this is to register(注册)early.If a course does happen to be closed because you simply couldn’t register at 7:00 a.m., you may still be able to get in.Talk to the professor and tell him or her that a serious and hardworking student like yourself would be a shining example to other students.Be sure to carry a list of backup courses to registration, though, just in case one of your chosen classes changes professors or time periods.By following these suggestions, any student can pick the perfect class schedule.College can thus become an almost pleasant activity.
Which of the following statements is true?
A.You can get copies of tests if you are willing to pay the price. |
B.“Rock Music of the 1950s” may be an easy course. |
C.It is difficult to pick the perfect class schedule. |
D.Attendance is required in all classes. |
You should .
A.register for classes in the morning if you get up early |
B.have classes late in the morning if you stay up late |
C.sign up for afternoon classes if you want to see soap operas |
D.choose classes in the evening if you want to watch old films |
If a course happens to be closed, you should .
A.register at 7:00 a.m. | B.sit in on the class anyway |
C.register for a backup course | D.get help from the professor |
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Course Registration Made Easy | B.How to Find the Right Courses |
C.Classes and After-class Activities | D.How to Pick the Perfect Schedule |
Computers are very important to modern life. Many people think that in the future computers will be used in lots of everyday life. It is thought that we won’t have to go shopping because we will be able to get most things which are sold in shops on the Internet. There will be no more books because we will be able to get all texts from computers. The Internet will be used to play games, see films and buy food. Most telephone calls will be made by computers, too.
Some people are glad about these new ways of shopping and communicating. Others do not think that computers will replace our old ways.
Let’s look at books, for example. Some people think that one day we will not read books made of paper. Instead, we will buy and read books using computers. We will read texts on small pocket computers. The computers will keep many different books in them at the same time. We won’t need to turn lots of pages and paper will be saved. Computerized(计算机化) books will be used more and more.
Is Internet shopping such a pleasure as going to the shop? Many people say it is not. It is a pleasure to go into shops and look at things you want to buy. It is also unlikely that many people will want to read large texts on our computers. Because paper books will perhaps be more friendly. Maybe computers won’t change these two habits.
In paragraph(段落)1 it is thought people will use computers for _______.
A.playing games, shopping and making telephone calls |
B.making telephone calls, having meals and seeing films |
C.seeing films, buying food, and going for holidays |
D.playing games, making telephone calls and seeing the doctor |
Which reason for using computerized books is NOT said in the passage?
A.Computerized books won’t be very expensive. |
B.Computers can keep many different books in them. |
C.We won’t have lots of pages. |
D.We won’t need any paper. |
Paragraph 4 tells _______.
A.about the old and new ways of shopping and communicating |
B.if the Internet will change our habits |
C.about computerized books |
D.about future uses of computers |
The title for this passage is _______.
A.Computers will Replace Shops and Books | B.Computers will be Used a lot in the Future |
C.Computers will Do Everything for Man | D.How Computers Change Our Habits |
According to the writer’s view, which is right?
A.Computers will replace everything completely in our daily life in the future. |
B.Computers will not be used at all in our daily life in the future. |
C.Computers will not be used in shopping in the future. |
D.Computers will bring more and wider usage in our daily life in the future. |
SHEFFIELD |
LINCOLN COLLEGE OF ENGLISH |
Classes for foreign students at all levels |
3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course |
Open all year |
Small class (at most 12 students ) |
Library, language laboratory and listening center |
Accommodation(膳食供应) with selected families |
25 minutes from London |
Course fees for English for one year are £1, 38 (with reduction for shorter periods of study) |
|
Lincoln College of English _______.
A.is at the centre of London |
B.accepts students only at the beginning of the year |
C.takes in foreign students, from beginners to the advanced |
D.lies far away from London |
While you stay there, _______ will take care of you.
A.the school where you study | B.the family you have chosen |
C.your classmates | D.your own parents |
If you go there for a one-term course, you will pay _______ for it.
A.£1, 380 | B.over £1, 380 | C.much less than £1, 380 | D.nothing |
According to the introduction above, which is NOT mentioned(提到)?
A.Course fees | B.Accommodation | C.The size of class | D.Teachers’ work |
I went over my grandmother’s house today and she didn’t have time for me. You see, the lady’s husband downstairs died and my Grandmother wanted to make some cookies for her. My grandmother did not analyze (分析) how the lady treated her, or if the lady needed any cookies, or even if the lady would like the cookies. She didn’t think how much the lady has done for her. She simply began baking.
My Grandmother turned 94 last week and this I believe is her secret to life. My grandmother is generous (慷慨) and hard-working in a way that is rare for our time. She lives by a simple belief: if someone needs your help, you help. Never mind all the analyzing and thinking whether the person deserves or appreciates the help. My grandmother doesn’t sit around thinking about who might be making use of her; she simply does what is needed.
At 94, she is busy in life. She is making a blanket for a new great grandchild, and worried that I don’t have enough kitchen towels for my home. She is bringing soup to a sick neighbor, and teaching the new wife of her cousin (who is 88) how to cook Italian food.
My grandmother had every right to give up, but she didn’t — and amazingly life did bring her good things, like a husband with twinkling blue eyes who was much ahead of his time and believed that men should do an equal amount of cooking and cleaning in the home, three beautiful children (my father and two aunts), 22 grandchildren, and five great grandchildren. My grandmother is not afraid to give someone she barely knows a bowl of soup. She never keeps herself out of the world.
The reason why my grandmother made cookies for the lady downstairs is that ________.
A.she thought the lady was too busy |
B.she would make them as thanks to her |
C.she thought she should do something for the lady at the special time |
D.they had had an agreement before |
In the writer’s opinion, ________.
A.my grandmother has a secret way of living |
B.my grandmother does everything on careful consideration |
C.few people are as generous as my grandmother now |
D.my grandmother will get something in return |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.My grandmother cares for her children even some strangers. |
B.My grandfather does not treat women in an unfair way. |
C.This is a family in which there are nearly 30 people now. |
D.My grandmother never keeps everything for herself. |
We may infer from the text that the writer ________.
A.thinks his grandmother is living a tired life |
B.thinks his grandmother is doing what she should do |
C.thinks his grandmother should not be so kind |
D.is proud of his grandmother |
Dear Betty,
My roommate’s family wants me to celebrate Thanksgiving Day with them in their home. I accepted the invitation, and I’m excited about going, but I’m a little nervous about it, too. The social customs in my country are different from those here, so I’m a little worried about making mistakes.
Should I bring a gift, such as candy or flowers? Should I arrive on time or a little late? At the dinner table, how can I know which fork or knife to use? How can I let the family know that I’m thankful for their kindness?
Yours,
Knowing Nothing
Dear Knowing Nothing,
It’s a good idea to bring a gift when you go to a dinner party. Flowers are always welcome, or you can bring a bottle of wine if you know the family drink it.
You should arrive on time or five to ten minutes late. Don’t get there early. If you are going to be more than fifteen minutes late, you should call and tell them.
Try to relax at the dinner table. If you don’t know how to use the right fork, knife or spoon, just watch the other guests, and follow them. If you still have no idea of what to do, don’t be shy about asking the person next to you; it’s better to ask them than to be silently uncomfortable and nervous.
If you like the food, say so. Of course, you’ll thank the host and hostess for the meal and for their kindness. It’s also a good idea to send a card to thank them the day after.
Yours,
Betty
Knowing Nothing wrote a letter to Betty to _____.
A.tell Betty some good news | B.ask for some advice |
C.answer some questions | D.invite her to dinner |
According to Betty, Knowing Nothing ______ when going to a dinner party.
A.can only bring some flowers | B.can’t bring wine |
C.should arrive on time or five to ten minutes late | D.should arrive twenty minutes late |
Betty does NOT advise Knowing Nothing to _____.
A.relax at the dinner table | B.watch the other guests |
C.ask the person beside him | D.keep silent at table |
Man has a big brain. He can think, learn and speak. Scientists thought that men are different from animals because they can think and learn. They know now that dogs, cats and birds can learn too. They are beginning to understand that. They make noises when they are afraid, or angry or unhappy. Apes(猿) can understand some things more quickly than human, one or two of them have learnt a few words. But they can not join words to make sentences. They can not think like us because they have no language. Language is a wonderful thing. Man has been able to build a modern world because he has language. Every child can speak his own language very well when he is four or five, —but no animal learns to speak. How do children learn it ? Scientists do not really know. What happens inside our body when we speak? They do not know. They only know that man can speak because he has a brain.
The best title for this passage is .
A.Animal’s Language | B.Man and Ape | C.Brain and language | D.Man’s Brain |
Men are different from animals in the way that .
A.men can understand things quickly | B.men can learn |
C.men have learnt to use language | D.men have brains |
An ape can not .
A.make noises | B.understand things | C.learn words | D.speak like man |
Scientists now know .
A.how children learn to speak | B.why apes can learn a few words |
C.man’s brain helps him to learn to speak | D.what happens when men speak |
Which of the following is NOT true ?
A.Some animals can learn. | B.Apes can understand some things more quickly than men. |
C.Apes can put the words they know together. | |
D.Apes have no language though they can learn some words |
Move Earth — it’s no science fiction
LONDON — Scientists have found an unusual way to prevent our planet from overheating: move it to a cooler spot. All you have to do is send a few comets(彗星)in the direction of Earth, and its orbit will be changed. Our world will then be sent spinning into a safer, colder part of the solar system.
This idea for improving our climate comes from a group of US National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) engineers and American astronomers. They say their plan could add another six billion years to the useful lifetime of our planet—effectively doubling its working life.
The plan put forward by Dr Laughlin, and his colleagues Don Korycansky and Fred Adams ,needs carefully directing a comet or asteroid so that it passes close by our planet and sends some of its gravitational energy to Earth.
“Earth’s orbital speed would increase as a result and we would move to a higher orbit away from the Sun,” Laughlin said.
Engineers would then direct their comet so that it passed close to Jupiter or Saturn. The comet would pick up energy from one of these giant planets. Later its orbit would bring it back to Earth, and the process would be repeated. In the short term, the plan provides an ideal way to global warming, although the team was actually concerned with a much greater danger. The sun is certain to heat up in about a billion years and so “seriously compromise” our biosphere(生物圈)— by cooking us.
That’s why the group decided to try to save Earth.
The plan has one or two worrying aspects, however. For a start, space engineers would have to be very careful about how they directed their asteroid or comet towards Earth. The smallest miscalculation(误算)in orbit could fire it straight at Earth—with deadly consequences.
There is also the question of the Moon. As the current issue of Scientific American magazine points out, if Earth was pushed out of its current position it is “most likely the Moon would be stripped away from Earth,” it states. This would greatly change our planet’s climate.
What makes the scientists plan to move Earth?
A.A few comets are moving to the direction of Earth. |
B.Earth’s working life is coming to an end soon. |
C.Earth will become too hot for mankind to keep alive. |
D.The moon is moving farther and farther away from Earth. |
If the plan is successful, Earth will have a working life of ______years.
A.12 billion | B.6 billion | C.18 billion | D.24 billion |
What serious problems might the plan cause according to the passage?
A.The comet might hit Earth and man might lose the moon. |
B.Earth might be moved too far away and man might be frozen to death. |
C.The comet might hit Jupiter or Saturn and never return to Earth. |
D.Earth’s working life might be greatly shortened. |
What does the underlined word “compromise” mean?
A.provide | B.benefit | C.share | D.endanger |
Which of the following best shows how the plan would work?
Advice to English learners
Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have trouble in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their ability.
First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start with the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.
Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “ fashionable”(时髦).
Thirdly, listen to the English news programme over the radio from time to time. Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.
Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in “special English” from the VOA or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.
This is a piece of advice to learners of English in how to_____.
A.improve their listening ability | B.read fast |
C.write better English and read fast | D.speak correctly |
If you want to understand the English news programme on the radio, you should_________.
read the Chinese-language newspaper carefully
read again and again the Chinese-language newspaper
go through the Chinese-language newspaper
be able to recite the Chinese-language newspaper
“Beyond your level” means something_______.
A.easy for you | B.too difficult for you |
C.not too easy and not too difficult for you | D.just all right for you |
The author advised that once you have taken up a course, you should_______.
stick to it B. begin with the last book
C. take up other courses if you are more fashionable D. not do anything else
In this passage, VOA stands for______.
A.a book | B.a magazine | C.a textbook | D.a radio station |
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”,said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
A.He teaches chemistry at MU. |
B.He developed a chemical battery. |
C.He is working on a nuclear energy source. |
D.He made a breakthrough in computer engineering. |
Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.
A.to show chemical batteries are widely applied. |
B.to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used. |
C.to describe a nuclear-powered system. |
D.to introduce various energy sources. |
Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.
A.get rid of the radioactive waste |
B.test the power of nuclear batteries. |
C.decrease the size of nuclear batteries |
D.reduce the damage to lattice structure. |
According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.
A.uses a solid semiconductor |
B.will soon replace the present ones. |
C.could be extremely thin |
D.has passed the final test. |
The text is most probably a ________.
A.science news report | B.book review |
C.newspaper ad | D.science fiction story |
PART FOUR WRITING (45%)
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
What does the underlined phrase “over-consumption” refer to?
A.Using too much packaging. |
B.Recycling too many wastes. |
C.Making more products than necessary. |
D.Having more material than is needed. |
The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _______.
A.the tendency of cutting household waste |
B.the increase of packaging recycling |
C.the rapid growth of super markets |
D.the fact of packaging overuse |
According to the text, recycling ______.
A.helps control the greenhouse effect |
B.means burning packaging for energy |
C.is the solution to gas shortage |
D.leads to a waste of land |
What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.Unpackaged products are of bad quality. |
B.Supermarkets care more about packaging. |
C.It is improper to judge quality by packaging. |
D.Other products are better packaged than food. |
What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.Fighting wastefulness is difficult. |
B.Needless material is mostly recycled. |
C.People like collecting recyclable waste. |
D.The author is proud of their consumer culture. |
I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions(认识)of the limited English speaker.
I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal(内在的) language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that ______.
A.she uses English in foreign trade |
B.she is fascinated by languages |
C.she works as a translator |
D.she is a writer by profession |
The author used to think of her mother’s English as ______.
A.impolite | B.amusing |
C.imperfect | D.practical |
Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A.Americans do not understand broken English. |
B.The author’s mother was not respected sometimes. |
C.The author’ mother had positive influence on her. |
D.Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts. |
The author gradually realizes her mother’s English is _____.
A.well structured | B.in the old style |
C.easy to translate | D.rich in meaning |
What is the passage mainly about?
A.The changes of the author’s attitude to her mother’s English. |
B.The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother. |
C.The author’s misunderstanding of “limited” English. |
D.The author’s experiences of using broken English. |
To become a doctor in the United States, students usually attend four years of medical school after they complete college. Then these young doctors work in hospitals for several years to complete a training program called a residency(住院医生实习期).
These medical residents provide hospitals with needed services in return for not much pay. They work under the supervision(管理) of medical professors and more experienced doctors. Medical residents treat patients . they carry out tests. They perform operations. They complete records. In hospitals with few nurses, residents also do work formerly done by nurses. Some medical residents work one-hundred or more hours in a single week. They often work for more than thirty-six hours at a time before they can rest.
Critics (批评家) of this system say medical residents work too long and do not get enough res. They say these young doctors may be too tired to perform their medical duties effectively. Now, the government will limit the number of hours of work that residents can work. Most doctors in training will be limited to eighty-four hours of work each week. They will have work periods of no more than twenty-four hours at one time. They will have ten hours of rest between work periods.
Medical residents will have one day each week when they do not have to work. Any work they accept outside their hospitals will be limited.Experienced doctors and medical professors will closely supervise the residents to make sure they are not too tired to work.
Many medical residents welcomed the work limits. Others, however, said the new policy may interfere with patient care and their own medical education.
If a first –year college student in America wants to be a doctor, he has to wait for ___.
A.4 years | B.8 years | C.at least 10 years | D.more than 20 years |
Medical residents are not responsible for ____.
A.supervising students | B.treating patients |
C.carrying patients | D.doing operations |
The underlined sentence in the 2nd paragraph means that they have to ____.
A.work 36 hours every week | B.rest for 36 hours before they can go to work |
C.work continuously for 36 hours | D.take a rest every 36 hours |
Why does the government limit the number of hours that residents work?
A.medical residents get too much money. |
B.Medical residents should go back to school to study |
C.There are not enough work for nurses |
D.medical residents may make mistakes if they work too long. |
The underlined word “Others” in the last paragraph refers to ___.
A.some critics | B.some medical professors |
C.some experienced doctors | D.some medical students |
Microsoft founder Bill Gates said that he planned to give away almost all of his vast fortune , largely to the cause of global health , during the course of his lifetime . With an estimated(估计)worth of more than $ 40 billion , according to Forbes , the project will be no small feat (功绩)for Gates . Having already provided the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation with $ 24 billion to address global health issues , Gates said that eventually his entire fortune will be put towards the cause except “a few percent left for the kids.”
So what has made the richest man in the world to channel his resources so heavily into one interest ? Gates believes that “the equality of opportunity” in which Americans take such pride needs to extend to other nations around the world . Improving the health of the populations , he says , has proven to be an essential method in helping poor countries to be financially successful . “National borders allow inequalities ,” said Gates : “We all need to take a more global view , rather than just saying my country is doing well . We have to step up these health issues , knowing how few resources are going into them .”
Gates said that both his parents set an example for him as a child . His father , William H. Gates , was the head of the local Planned Parenthood , and his mother , Mary , volunteered for the United Way . As he gathered his fortune , Gates knew he would eventually want to give back as well , but he didn’t expect to devote himself whole-heartedly to one project until he was about 60.
However , Gates , 47 , began to question his ability to wait that long . “It seemed there was a real time urgency,” Gates said . “I started to think , How many lives could I save before then ?”
Bill Gates believes that one important way of developing poor countries is .
A.to set up more foundations for them |
B.to aid them with natural resources |
C.to put more effort into the health issues in them |
D.to help them take a more global view |
It can be learned from the text that Bill Gates thinks .
A.Americans should care about people in other countries |
B.Americans should treat fellow citizens well |
C.Americans should devote themselves to certain projects |
D.Americans can be world-famous by giving away vast fortune |
Bill Gates gave away his vast fortune earlier than he had expected because of .
A.his weakening health condition | B.his parents’ suggestions |
C.his great success in business | D.his concerns for suffering people |