It is said that Abraham Lincoln searched for exactly the right words to say to his audience in that history-making speech that 1 less than three minutes.
Your speech probably won't be as long-remembered, 2 you can still strive to give your audience the best speech possible by 3 these simple tips:
Write and rewrite the material in your speech until it sounds exactly right to your own ears. Don't use words that are hard to 4 . Avoid technical 5 or keep them to a minimum whenever possible.
Remember to use descriptive phrases so your listeners can get a mental picture in their 6 of what you are talking about. People don't want to be told, they want to be given a 7 picture so they can better understand your words.
Avoid using a lot of statistics that will put your audience asleep in their seats. Keep necessary 8 in your speech to a minimum amount.
Humor can be an effective way to 9 your audience, Humor can also effectively lessen 10 , especially yours. You can use short jokes or personal anecdotes for this purpose. Just make sure your humorous material is appropriate for the audience you are 11 to.
Your speech will probably either inform or 12 your listeners to take action in order to help a charitable organization, etc. Be sure to include localized information in your speech that meet your audience's specific needs.
Read your speech out loud several times to hear how it will sound to your audience. Practice giving your speech in front of a mirror. That way you can see 13 you are going to look to the audience. This technique can help you 14 and feel more comfortable.
Make sure to speak a little louder than 15 conversation when you are giving your speech so that you can be easily heard by the entire 16 , not just the first few rows.
When you are giving your speech to your listeners, remember to 17 your speech down a little bit and don't rush through the words.
You can arrange to have helpful visual aids 18 before, during, or right after the end of your speech. This way the audience will have written information they can take home with them and 19 later.
Remember to be an appreciative speaker and to 20 the person or persons who asked you to give the speech. Also remember to thank the audience for listening.
( ) 1. A. continued B. lasted C. broadcast D. went
( ) 2. A. but B. though C. and D. therefore
( ) 3. A. accepting B. following C. copying D. remembering
( ) 4. A. pronounce B. understand C. learn D. listen
( ) 5. A. sentences B. terms C. pronunciations D. meanings
( ) 6. A. minds B. notes C. words D. tapes
( ) 7. A. intellectual B. physical C. mental D. visual
( ) 8. A. information B. terms C. statistics D. words
( ) 9. A. amuse B. control C. persuade D. drive
( ) 10.A. attention B. terror C. sorrow D. tension
( ) 11. A. speaking B. referring C. leading D. owing
( ) 12. A. help B. persuade C. force D. trap
( ) 13. A. what B. how C. why D. where
( ) 14.A. sleep B. rest C. comfort D. relax
( ) 15. A. normal B. later C. previous D. intentional
( ) 16. A. speeches B. actors C. friends D. audience
( ) 17. A. slow B. speed C. stop D. burn
( ) 18. A. checked out B. passed out C. brought out D. left out
( ) 19. A. sell B. review C. throw D. mail
( ) 20. A. thank B. find C. teach D. assist
Here's a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly. Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be 1 for your health. And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it 2 .
Research is preliminary, but several studies 3 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial 4 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define 5 activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines 6 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated 7 .
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send 8 signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the 9 start to shut down.
Even for people who 10 , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — 11 still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, 12 in a single bout.
That wasn't 13 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most of his days sitting 14 a computer. Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art 15 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing.
"I'm sure there are some detrimental 16 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being 17 when I can helps," he said. "I wouldn't want to think the sitting could be 18 dangerous."
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat 19 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to 20 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
( ) 1. A. bad B. good C. mean D. dead
( ) 2. A. does B. occurs C. matches D. dies
( ) 3. A. advise B. talk C. suggest D. say
( ) 4. A. thrown B. caught C. seen D. published
( ) 5. A. biological B. physical C. psychological D. logical
( ) 6. A. commending B. mending C. recommending D. communicating
( ) 7. A. stand B. state C. post D. position
( ) 8. A. harmful B. careful C. wonderful D. skillful
( ) 9. A. head B. arm C. body D. foot
( ) 10. A. sleep B. rest C. walk D. exercise
( ) 11. A. and B. so C. but D. then
( ) 12. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
( ) 13. A. bad B. harmful C. disadvantage D. welcome
( ) 14. A. behind B. back C. in front of D. forward
( ) 15. A. referring B. involving C. taking D. bringing
( ) 16. A. effects B. prefects C. affects D. offers
( ) 17. A. inactive B. active C. interactive D. positive
( ) 18. A. such B. little C. lot D. that
( ) 19. A. less B. fewer C. more D. further
( ) 20. A. leave out B. bring out C. hold out D. figure out
The Chinese New Year is a great holiday to choose to celebrate Chinese culture with your child. Here are few fun ways to bring a bit of fun and 1 into your home through the festivities of the Chinese New Year.
1.Add a lucky red door. Red is a traditional color of 2 . It's an important part of the Chinese New Year to 3 on doing what one can to bring about good luck for the New Year. If you don't want to 4 the door red, how about wrapping it up like a present with red wrapping paper. If changing your front door's color is not workable, how about the door to your child's bedroom?
2.Eat. A huge part of most cultures is that of food and the Chinese New Year is not 5 , it's eating jiaozi at midnight on New Year's Eve, or longevity noodles on day seven of the festivities to 6 long life. The Chinese New Year celebrations mean many fancy meals that your child will 7 .
3.Create a lantern. Sara Naumann, the Guide to China Travel, shares a bit about the legend of the Lantern Festival or Yuanxiao, which occurs on the 8 day of the Chinese New Year festivities. It's a 9 that includes an emperor, a young woman who misses her family, and tricking the God of Fire. Your kids should love this story. After 10 it with them, or while reading the story, enjoy making your own paper lantern to display.
4.Give lucky money. The Guide to Mandarin Language shares that another very popular 11 during the Chinese New Year is that of the gift of red envelopes with 12 in them. These gifts are given to children and usually follow a bit of superstition（迷信） in that the money needs to be given in even amounts and never contain 13 numbers, such as four. Therefore, four dollars is not a good gift. The envelopes are also decorated with lucky symbols and New Year 14 .
5.Give a small gift. The giving of simple gifts is also an appropriate way to 15 the Chinese New Year. What better gift than that of a children's book about the Chinese New Year or the Chinese Culture.
6.Make some noise. Just like in America, the Chinese use 16 in ringing in their New Year. In the Chinese culture it began as a way to 17 away any demons（鬼） that threaten to bring a profitable and lucky New Year, but today it's also about excitement and 18 . Consider setting off a few firecrackers of your own, if allowed in your area. If not, make a cute firework picture with a bit of glitter and glue. A pretend firecracker is another great craft that could also be considered a festive way to decorate your New Year table.
7.Sing Happy Birthday to your dog. The second day of the Chinese New Year is 19 the birthday of all dogs. Why not 20 your child to throw Fido a birthday celebration? Perhaps an extra ride in the car or new chew toy is in order? I know my dog would appreciate a few extra belly rubs too.
( ) 1. A. tradition B. culture C. civilization D. habit
( ) 2. A. wealth B. disaster C. belief D. luck
( ) 3. A. focus B. accuse C. adapt D. mind
( ) 4. A. boil B. paint C. wash D. purchase
( ) 5. A. same B. similar C. common D. different
( ) 6. A. come about B. take about C. bring about D. get out
( ) 7. A. bore B. destroy C. enjoy D. absorb
( ) 8. A. last B. first C. second D. next
( ) 9. A. play B. story C. novel D. history
( ) 10. A. sharing B. listening C. reading D. making
( ) 11. A. invention B. story C. race D. tradition
( ) 12. A. food B. clothes C. money D. jewels
( ) 13. A. unclear B. unlucky C. unfair D. uncertain
( ) 14. A. wishes B. signs C. presents D. happiness
( ) 15. A. spend B. envy C. buy D. celebrate
( ) 16. A. firecrackers B. songs C. dances D. goods
( ) 17. A. take B. scare C. get D. burn
( ) 18. A. fun B. relax C. sleep D. travel
( ) 19. A. fixed B. named C. considered D. marked
( ) 20. A. order B. accompany C. tease D. Allow
完型填空(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。并将答案写在答题卡上。
Shopping habits in the United Stateshave changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 36 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street .Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was 37 on both sides with many 38 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 39 ,some shops offered 40 .These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. 41 in the 1950s, a change began to 42 .Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street 43 too few parking places were 44 shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces 45 the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed.
And open space is what they got 46 the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls, 47 as a collection of small new stores 48 crowded city centres. 49 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 50 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 51 of shopping centres led 52 to the building of bigger and betterstocked stores. 53 the late 1970s,many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 54 of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 55 benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
36.A.As early as B. Early C. Early as D. Earlier
37.A.built B.designed C.intented D.lined
38.A.varied B.various C.sorted D.mixed up
39.A.Apart from B.However C.In addition D.As well
40.A.medical care B.food C.cosmetics D.services
41.A.suddenly B.Abruptly C.Contrarily D.But
42.A.be taking place B.take place C.be taken place D.have taken place
43.A.while B.yet C.though D.and then
44.A.available for B.available to C.used by D.ready for
45.A.over B.from C.out of D.outside
46.A.when B.while C.since D.then
47.A.started B.founded C.set up D.organized
48.A.out of B.away from C.next to D.near
49.A.Attracted B.Surprised C.Delighted D.Enjoyed
50.A.inner B.central C.shopping D.downtown
51.A.distinction B.fame C.popularity D.liking
52.A.on B.in turn C.by turns D.further
53.A.By B.During C.In D.Towards
54.A.cheapness B.readiness C.convenience D.handiness
55.A.because of B.and C.with D.provided
It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enough sleep and helping adolescents feel on top of the world, a new study reported.
A 1 of sleep among youngsters may 2 depression and suicidal (自杀的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are 3 with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other 4 and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this 5 disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
" 6 quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against 7 and a treatment for depression," he added in the study 8 in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and 9 those who consistently went to bed 10 midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls（夜猫子）also ran a 20 percent 11 risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine 12 that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept 13 about eight hours and 10 minutes.
But that amount of sleep 14 significantly for those in bed after midnight.
And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more 15 to suffer depression and 48 percent more 16 becoming suicidal, the study said.
"It is a common perception and societal 17 that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may 18 require more sleep," said Gangwisch.
"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed 19 enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be 20 with significant sleep deprivation（剥夺）. "
( ) 1. A. night B. moderation C. limit D. lack
( ) 2. A. result in B. lie in C. come about D. bring in
( ) 3. A. opposed B. mixed C. related D. consistent
( ) 4. A. risk B. chance C. potential D. reason
( ) 5. A. mood B. body C. feeling D. mind
( ) 6. A. little B. lack C. Adequate D. over
( ) 7. A. suffering B. depression C. disorder D. sadness
( ) 8. A. reported B. published C. reflected D. noted
( ) 9. A. found B. investigated C. appraised D. supported
( ) 10. A. before B. from C. by D. after
( ) 11. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 12. A. appeals B. recommends C. calls D. plans
( ) 13. A. on average B. in place C. ahead of D. in number
( ) 14. A. increased B. disappeared C. strengthened D. dropped
( ) 15. A. likely B. probable C. possible D. perhaps
( ) 16. A. at sight of B. at risk of C. in front of D. as a result of
( ) 17. A. wish B. expectation C. suggestion D. attempt
( ) 18. A. exactly B. immediately C. directly D. actually
( ) 19. A. early B. lately C. soon D. quickly
( ) 20. A. separated B. associated C. divided D. depended
Elderly people who drink several cups of green tea a day are less likely to suffer from depression, probably due to a "feel good" chemical found in this type of tea, Japanese researchers said.
Several studies have 1 drinking green tea to lessening psychological problems and Kaijun Niu, of Tohoku University Graduate School, and colleagues found people 2 70 and older who drank four or more cups of green tea daily were 44 percent 3 likely to experience depression.
Green tea is widely 4 in many Asian countries, 5 China and Japan.
Niu's team 6 1,058 relatively healthy elderly men and women. About 34 percent of the men and 39 percent of the women had symptoms of 7 , according to the study that was 8 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
A total of 488 participants said they 9 four or more cups of green tea a day, 284 said they downed two to three cups 10 and the rest reported having one or fewer cups daily.
According to the researchers, the 11 effect of drinking more 12 tea on alleviating symptoms of depression did not 13 after they factored in social and economic status, gender, diet, history of medical problems and 14 of antidepressants.
There was no 15 between consumption of black or oolong tea, or coffee, and 16 symptoms of depression.
A green tea component, the amino acid thiamine（硫胺素）, which is 17 to have a tranquilizing（镇静的） 18 on the brain, may 19 the "potentially beneficial effect" shown in the current study, Niu noted, 20 that more study is needed.
( ) 1. A. linked B. taken C. considered D. regarded
( ) 2. A. aging B. aged C. years D. age
( ) 3. A. more B. little C. less D. much
( ) 4. A. sold B. planted C. spread D. consumed
( ) 5. A. including B. concluding C. containing D. considering
( ) 6. A. looked for B. checked C. investigated D. asked
( ) 7. A. optimism B. happiness C. bitterness D. depression
( ) 8. A. published B. come out C. appeared D. showed
( ) 9. A. ate B. drank C. swallowed D. chewed
( ) 10. A. weekly B. daily C. monthly D. yearly
( ) 11. A. apparent B. light C. huge D. gentle
( ) 12. A. black B. oolong C. coffee D. green
( ) 13. A. fade B. disappear C. run D. decease
( ) 14. A. influence B. effect C. use D. result
( ) 15. A. association B. use C. comparison D. difference
( ) 16. A. lower B. increase C. strengthen D. cause
( ) 17. A. assumed B. thought C. imaged D. hoped
( ) 18. A. effect B. affect C. effort D. outcome
( ) 19. A. report B. confirm C. complete D. explain
( ) 20. A. adding B. addressing C. speaking D. saying
The Chinese New Year is a great holiday to choose to celebrate Chinese culture with your child. Here are few fun ways to bring a bit of fun and 1 into your home through the festivities of the Chinese New Year.
1.Add a lucky red door. Red is a traditional color of 2 . It's an important part of the Chinese New Year to 3 on doing what one can to bring about good luck for the New Year. If you don't want to 4 the door red, how about wrapping it up like a present with red wrapping paper. If changing your front door's color is not workable, how about the door to your child's bedroom?
2.Eat. A huge part of most cultures is that of food and the Chinese New Year is not 5 , it's eating jiaozi at midnight on New Year's Eve, or longevity noodles on day seven of the festivities to 6 long life. The Chinese New Year celebrations mean many fancy meals that your child will 7 .
3.Create a lantern. Sara Naumann, the Guide to China Travel, shares a bit about the legend of the Lantern Festival or Yuanxiao, which occurs on the 8 day of the Chinese New Year festivities. It's a 9 that includes an emperor, a young woman who misses her family, and tricking the God of Fire. Your kids should love this story. After 10 it with them, or while reading the story, enjoy making your own paper lantern to display.
4.Give lucky money. The Guide to Mandarin Language shares that another very popular 11 during the Chinese New Year is that of the gift of red envelopes with 12 in them. These gifts are given to children and usually follow a bit of superstition（迷信） in that the money needs to be given in even amounts and never contain 13 numbers, such as four. Therefore, four dollars is not a good gift. The envelopes are also decorated with lucky symbols and New Year 14 .
5.Give a small gift. The giving of simple gifts is also an appropriate way to 15 the Chinese New Year. What better gift than that of a children's book about the Chinese New Year or the Chinese Culture.
6.Make some noise. Just like in America, the Chinese use 16 in ringing in their New Year. In the Chinese culture it began as a way to 17 away any demons（鬼） that threaten to bring a profitable and lucky New Year, but today it's also about excitement and 18 . Consider setting off a few firecrackers of your own, if allowed in your area. If not, make a cute firework picture with a bit of glitter and glue. A pretend firecracker is another great craft that could also be considered a festive way to decorate your New Year table.
7.Sing Happy Birthday to your dog. The second day of the Chinese New Year is 19 the birthday of all dogs. Why not 20 your child to throw Fido a birthday celebration? Perhaps an extra ride in the car or new chew toy is in order? I know my dog would appreciate a few extra belly rubs too.
( ) 1. A. tradition B. culture C. civilization D. habit
( ) 2. A. wealth B. disaster C. belief D. luck
( ) 3. A. focus B. accuse C. adapt D. mind
( ) 4. A. boil B. paint C. wash D. purchase
( ) 5. A. same B. similar C. common D. different
( ) 6. A. come about B. take about C. bring about D. get out
( ) 7. A. bore B. destroy C. enjoy D. absorb
( ) 8. A. last B. first C. second D. next
( ) 9. A. play B. story C. novel D. history
( ) 10. A. sharing B. listening C. reading D. making
( ) 11. A. invention B. story C. race D. tradition
( ) 12. A. food B. clothes C. money D. jewels
( ) 13. A. unclear B. unlucky C. unfair D. uncertain
( ) 14. A. wishes B. signs C. presents D. happiness
( ) 15. A. spend B. envy C. buy D. celebrate
( ) 16. A. firecrackers B. songs C. dances D. goods
( ) 17. A. take B. scare C. get D. burn
( ) 18. A. fun B. relax C. sleep D. travel
( ) 19. A. fixed B. named C. considered D. marked
( ) 20. A. order B. accompany C. tease D. allow
Here's a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly. Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be 1 for your health. And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it 2 .
Research is preliminary, but several studies 3 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial 4 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define 5 activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines 6 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven't suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated 7 .
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send 8 signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the 9 start to shut down.
Even for people who 10 , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — 11 still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, 12 in a single bout.
That wasn't 13 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most of his days sitting 14 a computer. Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art 15 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing.
"I'm sure there are some detrimental 16 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being 17 when I can helps," he said. "I wouldn't want to think the sitting could be 18 dangerous."
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat 19 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to 20 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
( ) 1. A. bad B. good C. mean D. dead
( ) 2. A. does B. occurs C. matches D. dies
( ) 3. A. advise B. talk C. suggest D. say
( ) 4. A. thrown B. caught C. seen D. published
( ) 5. A. biological B. physical C. psychological D. logical
( ) 6. A. commending B. mending C. recommending D. communicating
( ) 7. A. stand B. state C. post D. position
( ) 8. A. harmful B. careful C. wonderful D. skillful
( ) 9. A. head B. arm C. body D. foot
( ) 10. A. sleep B. rest C. walk D. exercise
( ) 11. A. and B. so C. but D. then
( ) 12. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
( ) 13. A. bad B. harmful C. disadvantage D. welcome
( ) 14. A. behind B. back C. in front of D. forward
( ) 15. A. referring B. involving C. taking D. bringing
( ) 16. A. effects B. prefects C. affects D. offers
( ) 17. A. inactive B. active C. interactive D. positive
( ) 18. A. such B. little C. lot D. that
( ) 19. A. less B. fewer C. more D. further
( ) 20. A. leave out B. bring out C. hold out D. figure out
Unhappy people glue（使粘牢） themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.
The finding, announced on Thursday, 1 from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.
2 happy people reported watching an 3 of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after 4 into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially 5 , attended more religious services, voted more and 6 a newspaper more often than their less-chipper（没有精神的） counterparts.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness 7 more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.
In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they 8 it. In these studies, participants reported that on a 9 from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn't 10 .
"These conflicting data 11 that TV may provide viewers with short-run 12 , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to 13 at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing 14 push out other activities that do have more lasting 15 . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already 16 .
"TV is not judgmental 17 difficult, so people with 18 social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, " 19 , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating（使人衰弱的） and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively 20 by a TV."
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.
( ) 1. A. comes B. arrives C. differs D. results
( ) 2. A. When B. As C. While D. Therefore
( ) 3. A. average B. amount C. number D. effort
( ) 4. A. speaking B. talking C. taking D. getting
( ) 5. A. active B. positive C. crazy D. cozy
( ) 6. A. look B. read C. see D. take
( ) 7. A. builds up B. cuts down C. leads to D. tends to
( ) 8. A. hate B. enjoy C. adopt D. adapt
( ) 9. A. fashion B. group C. scale D. rate
( ) 10. A. last B. decrease C. widen D. disappear
( ) 11. A. report B. suggest C. improve D. admit
( ) 12. A. excitement B. pleasure C. suffering D. sadness
( ) 13. A. glare B. look C. stare D. fix
( ) 14. A. should B. must C. could D. need
( ) 15. A. comforts B. laughter C. pressures D. benefits
( ) 16. A. tired B. lonely C. bored D. unhappy
( ) 17. A. and B. neither C. nor D. but
( ) 18. A. few B. little C. many D. quantity
( ) 19. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Yet
( ) 20. A. controlled B. transformed C. persuaded D. entertained
Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbon emissions(排放) and improve health in the most meat-loving nations, scientists said on Wednesday.
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers 1 that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2 fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to 3 emissions targets.
But combining these steps 4 a 30 percent reduction in livestock（家畜） 5 in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6 in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated（饱和的） fat by adults would reduce the 8 of premature（过早的） deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9 as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
10 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11 for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12 livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 13 2030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15 "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was 16 in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17 the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18 cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19 low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20 impacts of their plans."
( ) 1. A. invented B. experimented C. found D. proved
( ) 2. A. increasing B. speeding C. stopping D. reducing
( ) 3. A. meet B. change C. break D. adapt
( ) 4. A. by B. with C. to D. in
( ) 5. A. sale B. eating C. production D. use
( ) 6. A. cut B. increase C. addition D. consumption
( ) 7. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 8. A. amount B. number C. quantity D. deal
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
( ) 10. A. According to B. Apart from C. As well as D. In addition to
( ) 11. A. resistance B. fear C. demand D. anxiety
( ) 12. A. weaken B. strengthen C. drive D. broaden
( ) 13. A. in B. by C. from D. after
( ) 14. A. evaluation B. consumption C. process D. store
( ) 15. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. pollution D. improvement
( ) 16. A. written B. claimed C. delivered D. published
( ) 17. A. along with B. from behind C. ahead of D. in front of
( ) 18. A. more B. fewer C. no . none
( ) 19. A. then B. as C. that D. than
( ) 20. A. health B. body C. spirit D. emotion
Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude（裸体）or nearly nude images of someone they know, according to a survey released on Tuesday.
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning 1 in that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves, a practice known as "sexting," 2 the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project.
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to 3 person and 4 teenagers were more likely to have engaged in "sexting."
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image 5 texting and 30 percent have 6 a nude or nearly nude image on their phone.
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of 7 .
Amanda Lenhart, a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report, said sexually suggestive images have become a 8 of "relationship currency" for teens.
"These images are 9 as a part of or instead of sexual activity, or as a way of starting or 10 a relationship with a significant other," she said. "And they are also passed 11 to friends for their entertainment value, as a joke or for 12 ."
"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years 13 with a constant connection via mobile devices creates a 'perfect storm' for sexting," said Lenhart.
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and 14 , but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily 15 and stored for others to see," she added.
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive "sexts" 16 images of people they know. About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans.
Among this group, Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving "sexts" 17 with eight percent of teens on 18 data plans and three percent of teens who pay per message.
According to Pew, 58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17 19 .
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to 20 "sexting" among minors and some legislatures(立法机关) have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（轻罪）.
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24.
( ) 1. A. teens B. adults C. students D. parents
( ) 2. A. referring to B. reporting C. saying D. according to
( ) 3. A. other B. another C. others D. the other
( ) 4. A. younger B. fewer C. older D. more
( ) 5. A. by B. in C. on D. through
( ) 6. A. accepted B. received C. sent D. mailed
( ) 7. A. others B. themselves C. himself D. herself
( ) 8. A. habit B. system C. method D. form
( ) 9. A. shared B. limited C. tasted D. controlled
( ) 10. A. remaining B. gaining C. maintaining D. obtain
( ) 11. A. along B. by C. as D. for
( ) 12. A. joy B. fun C. excitement D. delight
( ) 13. A. compared B. followed C. combined D. went
( ) 14. A. friendships B. scholarships C. relatives D. relationships
( ) 15. A. transmitted B. transformed C. formed D. switched
( ) 16. A. containing B. concluding C. including D. concerning
( ) 17. A. comparing B. compared C. connected D. joined
( ) 18. A. limited B. unlimited C. few D. little
( ) 19. A. have B. same C. do D. too
( ) 20. A. do with B. deal with C. remove D. ban
Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。
That's the term being 1 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging(依附) to smokers' hair and 2 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 3 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 4 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。
Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 5 these chemicals in a new study that 6 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 7 issue of the journal Pediatrics。
"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 8 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。
"When their kids are 9 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 10 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 11 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 12 ."
The study reported on 13 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 14 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 15 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 16 the health of infants and children"。
But 17 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 18 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 19 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。
Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 20 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke。
( ) 1. A. told B. discussed C. used D. mentioned
( ) 2. A. shoes B. clothing C. body D. mouth
( ) 3. A. includes B. covers C. finds D. improves
( ) 4. A. especially B. specially C. immediately D. regularly
( ) 5. A. name B. call C. explain D. describe
( ) 6. A. focused B. tended C. tried D. worked
( ) 7. A. later B. latest C. best D. previous
( ) 8. A. but B. and C. however D. or
( ) 9. A. alongside B. out of C. in D. beside
( ) 10. A. cough B. talk C. observe D. smoke
( ) 11. A. cars B. seats C. kids D. windows
( ) 12. A. visible B. invisible C. poisonous D. concrete
( ) 13. A. policies B. attitudes C. bans D. habits
( ) 14. A. told B. content C. confident D. aware
( ) 15. A. opposed B. agreed C. fought D. connected
( ) 16. A. harm B. destroy C. improve D. confuse
( ) 17. A. quite B. very C. far D. too
( ) 18. A. chances B. risks C. abilities D. conditions
( ) 19. A. tomorrow B. today C. yesterday D. weekend
( ) 20. A. statement B. mark C. discussion D. prejudice
It is said that Abraham Lincoln searched for exactly the right words to say to his audience in that history-making speech that 1 less than three minutes.
Your speech probably won't be as long-remembered, 2 you can still strive to give your audience the best speech possible by 3 these simple tips:
Write and rewrite the material in your speech until it sounds exactly right to your own ears. Don't use words that are hard to 4 . Avoid technical 5 or keep them to a minimum whenever possible.
Remember to use descriptive phrases so your listeners can get a mental picture in their 6 of what you are talking about. People don't want to be told, they want to be given a 7 picture so they can better understand your words.
Avoid using a lot of statistics that will put your audience asleep in their seats. Keep necessary 8 in your speech to a minimum amount.
Humor can be an effective way to 9 your audience, Humor can also effectively lessen 10 , especially yours. You can use short jokes or personal anecdotes for this purpose. Just make sure your humorous material is appropriate for the audience you are 11 to.
Your speech will probably either inform or 12 your listeners to take action in order to help a charitable organization, etc. Be sure to include localized information in your speech that meet your audience's specific needs.
Read your speech out loud several times to hear how it will sound to your audience. Practice giving your speech in front of a mirror. That way you can see 13 you are going to look to the audience. This technique can help you 14 and feel more comfortable.
Make sure to speak a little louder than 15 conversation when you are giving your speech so that you can be easily heard by the entire 16 , not just the first few rows.
When you are giving your speech to your listeners, remember to 17 your speech down a little bit and don't rush through the words.
You can arrange to have helpful visual aids 18 before, during, or right after the end of your speech. This way the audience will have written information they can take home with them and 19 later.
Remember to be an appreciative speaker and to 20 the person or persons who asked you to give the speech. Also remember to thank the audience for listening.
( ) 1. A. continued B. lasted C. broadcast D. went
( ) 2. A. but B. though C. and D. therefore
( ) 3. A. accepting B. following C. copying D. remembering
( ) 4. A. pronounce B. understand C. learn D. listen
( ) 5. A. sentences B. terms C. pronunciations D. meanings
( ) 6. A. minds B. notes C. words D. tapes
( ) 7. A. intellectual B. physical C. mental D. visual
( ) 8. A. information B. terms C. statistics D. words
( ) 9. A. amuse B. control C. persuade D. drive
( ) 10.A. attention B. terror C. sorrow D. tension
( ) 11. A. speaking B. referring C. leading D. owing
( ) 12. A. help B. persuade C. force D. trap
( ) 13. A. what B. how C. why D. where
( ) 14.A. sleep B. rest C. comfort D. relax
( ) 15. A. normal B. later C. previous D. intentional
( ) 16. A. speeches B. actors C. friends D. audience
( ) 17. A. slow B. speed C. stop D. burn
( ) 18. A. checked out B. passed out C. brought out D. left out
( ) 19. A. sell B. review C. throw D. mail
( ) 20. A. thank B. find C. teach D. assist
Money, or the lack of it, changes everything, and that includes how people will be working out in 2010.
In these belt-tightening times 1 , cost-conscious workouts（锻炼）at home and at the gym topped the list of fitness trends for this year in a survey, followed 2 by shorter, more time-efficient regimens, such as 3 boot camp（强力集中训练） and circuit training.
"People are looking 4 for ways to accomplish as much as possible with as little 5 time and money as necessary," said Cedric X. Bryant, chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise (ACE), which conducted the online poll of fitness professionals.
"Last year money was on the list but this 6 year the majority of the respondents put 7 it as one of the top," he added.
Bryant said some 600 ACE-certified fitness 8 professionals responded to the annual poll 9 , which the non-profit organization has been conducting for a decade.
Other money-saving measures 10 , such as the shift from personal training sessions to small group training 11 classes and in-home workouts 12 using smaller, more portable equipment, also made the list.
"Personal trainers are seeing they've got to respond to market needs 13 . Working with two to four clients at a 14 time they can charge less 15 but still get their hourly fee," Bryant said.
Boot-camp workouts and circuit training, both of which burn 16 calories while building strength and endurance（持久性）, will be among the most popular trends in 2010, as time-constrained（受压制的）consumers 17 seek shorter, more intense activities.
One bright spot is the rise of exergaming-type systems, like Nintendo's Wii Sports, Wii Fit and the PC-based Dancetown. Bryant says the fitness-based video games areturning up 18 in health clubs and senior centers.
Functional training workouts, which are geared to improving the quality of life and the ability to perform everyday tasks, will remain strong 19 , and the use of computerized tracking and online training and scheduling tools will increase 20 in the coming year.
( ) 1. A. times B. years C. centuries D. societies
( ) 2. A. caught B. followed C. covered D. conducted
( ) 3. A. such like B. in other words C. such as D. that is to say
( ) 4. A. taking B. developing C. opening D. looking
( ) 5. A. little B. much C. many D. few
( ) 6. A. that B. next C. this D. previous
( ) 7. A. manage B. put C. try D. organize
( ) 8. A. medicine B. train C. economy D. fitness
( ) 9. A. poll B. conference C. observation D. reception
( ) 10. A. measures B. procedures C. policies D. systems
( ) 11. A. speaking B. training C. exercising D. processing
( ) 12. A. work B. workouts C. rest D. race
( ) 13. A. changes B. prices C. needs D. habits
( ) 14. A. some B. no C. any D. a
( ) 15. A. less B. fewer C. more D. much
( ) 16. A. produce B. burn C. cut D. add
( ) 17. A. professionals B. students C. consumers D. trainers
( ) 18. A. turning up B. turning down C. turning around D. turning out
( ) 19. A. weak B. useful C. strong D. possible
( ) 20. A. decrease B. appear C. increase D. want
Once in a blue moon there is one on New Year's Eve. Revelers ringing in 2010 will be treated to a so-called blue moon. According to popular definition, a blue moon is the second full moon in a month. But don't 1 it to be blue - the name has nothing to 2 the color of our closest celestial（天体） neighbor.
A full moon 3 on December 2. It will appear again on Thursday in time for the New Year's countdown.
"If you're in Times Square, you'll see the 4 moon right above you. It's going to be that brilliant," said Jack Horkheimer, director emeritus of the Miami Space Transit Planetarium and host of a weekly astronomy TV show.
The New Year's Eve blue moon will be 5 in the United States, Canada, Europe, South America and Africa. For partygoers in Australia and Asia, the full moon does not show up 6 New Year's Day, making January a blue moon month for them.
However, the Eastern Hemisphere can celebrate with a partial lunar eclipse（月蚀） on New Year's Eve when 7 of the moon enters the Earth's shadow. The 8 will not be visible in the Americas.
A full moon occurs 9 29.5 days, and most years have 12. 10 , an extra full moon in a month - a blue moon - occurs every 2.5 years. The 11 time there was a lunar double take was in May 2007. New Year's Eve blue moons are rarer, occurring every 19 years. The last time was in 1990; the next one won't 12 again until 2028.
Blue moons have no astronomical 13 , said Greg Laughlin, an astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
"`Blue moon' is just a 14 in the same sense as a `hunter's moon' or a `harvest moon,'" Laughlin said in an e-mail.
The popular definition of blue moon 15 after a writer for Sky & Telescope magazine in 1946 misunderstood the Maine Farmer's Calendar and marked a blue moon as the second full moon in a month. In fact, the calendar 16 a blue moon as the third full moon in a season with four full moons, not the usual three.
Though Sky & Telescope corrected the 17 decades later, the definition caught on. For purists（语言纯正癖者）, however, this New Year's Eve full moon doesn't even qualify as a 18 moon. It's just the first full moon of the winter season.
In a tongue-in-cheek essay 19 on the magazine's Web site this week, senior contributing editor Kelly Beatty wrote: "If skies are clear when I'm 20 celebrating, I'll take a peek（眯着眼睛看） at that brilliant orb（天体） as it rises over the Boston skyline to see if it's an icy shade of blue. Or maybe I'll just howl."
( ) 1. A. wish B. wait C. hope D. expect
( ) 2. A. deal with B. do with C. develop with D. form into
( ) 3. A. occurred B. came C. ran D. went
( ) 4. A. full B. half C. bright D. part
( ) 5. A. out of sight B. visible C. big D. clear
( ) 6. A. until B. when C. before D. since
( ) 7. A. part B. all C. any D. none
( ) 8. A. moon B. eclipse C. sun D. shadow
( ) 9. A. each B. every C. either D. all
( ) 10. A. On the whole B. Generally speaking C. On average D. In addition
( ) 11. A. last B. next C. other D. another
( ) 12. A. go B. see C. come D. look
( ) 13. A. point B. evident C. theory D. significance
( ) 14. A. name B. object C. phenomenon D. tradition
( ) 15. A. created B. came about C. made D. copied
( ) 16. A. named B. called C. introduced D. defined
( ) 17. A. error B. name C. reality D. number
( ) 18. A. blue B. red C. yellow D. grey
( ) 19. A. published B. posted C. printed D. written
( ) 20. A. in B. out C. away D. on
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