Romanticism (浪漫主义) was a literary, artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century. And it reached its peak from 1800 to 1840.
Romanticism urged people to look at nature and surroundings from a scientific point of view. It was also a rebellion against scientific rationalization (合理化 ) of nature. It permitted a person's imagination and freedom in art. The concept of romanticism was present in all the major art forms, like literature, the visual arts and music.
Friedrich Schlegel, a German philosopher, writer and critic, used the term “Romantic” for the first time to name a new school of literature which arose in opposition to “Classicism”. Though the concept of Romanticism was identified much earlier, critics believe that Romanticism in English literature dates from the Lyrical Ballads. The romantics were very interested in mystery, ambition and adventure.
In the visual arts, the term Romanticism refers to a trend that appeared in the 19th century, which was characterized by opposition to the classical forms and its rules. Romanticism in the visual arts focused more on the spiritual and emotional representation of nostalgia（怀旧）. Romantics used objects, like wild trees, moonlight, and so on, to convey their ideas and concepts.
In music, Romanticism was characterized by the freedom of forms and an emphasis on the emotions. It was German composers who used romanticism widely and developed this concept. Many famous composers worked in smaller forms of music that had flexible structure; for instance, ballads, solo piano music, and so on.
Romanticism influenced the literature and arts of the 18th and 19th century. The popularity of this movement declined gradually with passing time, but it has a significant place in the history of literature and art development.
People are increasingly discontent（不满的） with the rich people, as is said in a new online poll（投票）. The poll by the China Youth Daily in cooperation with Sina.com has highlighted（突出，强调） the apparent discontent over the country's widening income gap. Nearly 8,000 people filled in online questionnaires last week, and when asked to use three words to describe society's rich, the top responses were "extravagant"（奢侈的）, "greedy" and "corrupt”. About 57 percent of those polled said that "extravagant" was the best word to describe the rich, followed closely by "greedy”.
Sarcastically（讽刺的是）, despite their dissatisfaction, 93 percent of those polled wished they could be rich too, and that richer people should be "socially responsible”. Some 33 percent of respondents also praised rich people for being "smart”. Nearly 90 percent of respondents agreed that most people in society, including themselves, were willing to speak up for the poor but were reluctant to take action and actually do something for them.
The survey comes on the heels of a heated debate over comments made by renowned economist Mao Yushi, who said he was "speaking for the rich and working for the poor”. A report released by the Asian Development Bank last Wednesday revealed that China's Gini coefficient —— an indicator of the wealth divide —— rose from 0.407 in 1993 to 0.473 in 2004.
An earlier CASS report said that the richest 10 percent of Chinese families now own more than 40 percent of all private assets, while the poorest 10 percent share less than 2 percent of the total wealth. The income disparity（不一致、差异） of the country is close to that of Latin America, the report which came out in January, said.
It is hoped that the richer should be more socially responsible to give aid to those who need help to make this income disparity smaller and smaller and that the poorer should have a friendlier attitude towards the rich.
I. __________
People are more and more discontent with the rich people.
II. Details about the poll
It was _____________ by the China Youth Daily and sina.com
Nearly 8,000 people filled in questionnaires ____________ last week.
There is an increasing dissatisfaction tendency toward the rich people.
Ironically, although they _________, 93 percent of the polled wished they could be rich too, and richer people should take
________.
Ⅲ. A report ._________ by the Asian Development
China’s Gini coefficient increased by ________ in 2004 when compared with that of 1993.
The richest 10 percent of Chinese families now possess more than 40 percent of private assets, while _________ 10 percent share less than 2 percent of the total wealth.
The income disparity of the country nearly approaches that of _________.
Ⅳ. ___________
The rich can work together to shorten the income disparity.
首先请阅读以下几种巧克力的广告：
| A. |
Guittard Chocolate Truffles Favors We have got the perfect wedding favor for your guests, which will really win your guest over. Each truffles are made with some of the finest ingredients from Guittard with vintage chocolate. Available in 24 pcs per box. Don’t worry about left over, you will be having fun eating them while you assemble the favors together. |
| B. |
Chocolate Covered Delight Square Come in our beautiful square, you can find a variety of chocolate such as Pastel chocolate covered apricots and cranberries, chocolate covered espresso mix, and powder dusted chocolate almonds make for a really fine gift. Everyone loves to choose chocolates freely! Furthermore, they are fresher than packaged ones. |
| C. |
Dove Milk Chocolates Bouquet What better way to celebrate a special day than adding a little sweetness with luscious dreamy Dove Chocolate. It can let them know you are thinking of them and loving them. Two Dozen stemmed chocolate square dove chocolates, rose shaped. All bouquets include your gift message and a reusable container. |
| D. |
Ferrero Rocher 48 count box At the heart of Rocher chocolates are a whole roasted hazelnut and creamy chocolaty filling inside a light, crispy wafer, all wrapped in milk chocolate and finely chopped hazelnuts. This beautiful clear box contains 48 gold foil wrapped chocolates, enough and perfect for your special gathering. |
| E. |
Kinder Surprise Chocolate Egg Kinder Surprise eggs are those lovely milk chocolate eggs with white chocolate lining and a surprise toy, which often requires adults to figure out how to put it together! Kids all love Kinder eggs, because it is one of their favorite treats. The toys sometimes turn out to be collectors’ items too! |
| F. |
Mars Snickers Bar The Snickers candy bar was introduced in 1930. Packed full of roasted peanuts caramel and milk chocolate. Packed with roasted peanuts, creamy nougat, rich caramel, and milk chocolate. Snickers candy bars will drive your taste buds wild. Snickers handles your hunger, so you can handle everything else! |
下面是一些需要购买巧克力的人，请为她们选择项是和他们的巧克力：Mr. And Mrs. Johnson are going to buy a gift for their nephew Mike, who likes chocolate very much. They hope their gift can offer Mike more than delicious food, like bringing more fun and helping him develop a good hobby.
Aron is going to marry Maggie in this month, but this Valentine’s Day he can’t be with his fiancee because he is on a business trip. Therefore, he decides to buy some chocolates in special shape to express his love and missing.
After a 10 years’ leave, Isabella and her high school classmates will have a great party to celebrate the anniversary of graduation. Isabella hopes to share her favorite chocolate, which is with wafer and nuts, with her classmates.
Emma and her husband have a habit to enjoy chocolate with their children every night when watching TV. In order to buy fresh and various chocolates at a lower price, she will choose those unpacked ones.
Cooper Smith is an enthusiastic fan of out-door sports. Each time he goes hiking or rafting, he will prepare everything carefully, including buying some handy chocolates for his body energy supply.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each． answer ．
Many people believe that classical music has nothing to do with young people today．However, this issue frequently causes heated debate．
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people． For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty．
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine． Many young people listen to classical music without realizing it． It is often used in films and advertisements． For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup． Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it．
Also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music．
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped（超越） by technology． To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practice for hours． Nowadays, you don-t need to get aching arms from practicing． A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of his own bedroom．
A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras． This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people．
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music． It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realize!
Being active in your local community is important because it is an essential part of living a satisfying life.
Humans by nature are social beings. We need to be around other people to feel happy, secure and safe. Hanging out with friends helps, but that isn’t quite enough. We need to be active in our local community.
Everyone benefits from a strong community. Being active within our society helps individuals feel less lonely, have a more vital and interesting life, stay healthy and feel happier. Being active within our society brings us inspiration, helps us succeed in business and helps us find our way in life.
Communities thrive﹙兴旺﹚ when people are better connected. Local economies expand, businesses succeed, education grows, support systems become more efficient, and so on.
There may be some obstacles on the way to being active in the local community. People may become disconnected from their community. It is a modern day reality that people turn to their computers for connection with others. This can be a great thing, but it can also go too far and we can become separated from our local, physical world society. Computers are usually at their best when used as a tool to accomplish tasks and not as a portal (传送门) into an online existence that controls our life. Online communities have become very real and they help millions feel more connected, but they must not take the place of our physical life community.[来
It is also common for people to find jobs online and to migrate to different locations around the world. This uproots﹙使人迁移他处居住﹚ us and takes us away from the local society we grew up in, forces us to make new friends and establish ourselves in a new community.
Becoming active in our community does require effort, but it’s well worth it. Understanding the importance of community and becoming more active within yours will greatly increase your quality of life.
Observational Learning: To See Is to Know
A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.
With modeling, you observe others’ behavior, and then none, some, or all of the behavior may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).
Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behavior is appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.
Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behavior and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behavior. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.
| Observational Learning: To See Is to Know |
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| Observational learning is learning that occurs through and imitation of others. |
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| Observational learning helps people learn how to behave in their families and cultures. |
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| Models and their |
Models are the people who present behavior for you to imitate. |
| Bandura’s study shows that if children observe an adult beating up a doll, they will become |
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| Characteristics of models that make observational learning more effective. |
Children are more |
| Models |
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Modeling the |
| Using peers, especially class leaders, as models is another method. |
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Research shows that the summer before college can be a dangerous time for teenagers, as they are between home and high school on the one side, and a more challenging and independent existence as a college student on the other.
Take drinking for example. Research has reported that teenagers tend to increase their alcohol use during the summer before college and in their first term. Such drinking can lead to tragedy: it’s estimated that more than 1,100 college students at 18 to 24 years of age die each year from alcohol-related injuries, including car crashes, and almost 600, 000 are injured under the influence of alcohol.
In addition to drinking, future freshmen may also have gaps in their knowledge about other aspects of university life. A study has found that students are “generally aware” of the fact that they have to place them into college courses and their school’s curricular requirements. In addition, many students hold misunderstandings such as “Getting into college is the hardest part”, and “I can take whatever classes I want when I get to college”. In fact, students’ courses may be determined by their level of preparation.
It is found that college-bound high-school graduates are faced with a number of potentially frightening tasks during the summer. For example, colleges typically require students to take placement tests(分班考试) and fill out a lot of paperwork, including housing and medical forms, over the summer. Completing these tasks may be especially frightening for low-income and first-generation college-bound students whose families may be short of experience with the college-going process.
In addition, it’s only in the summer after high-school graduation when students face the reality of paying the first college bill, which often includes unexpected costs like required health insurance. For college-intending students, successfully controlling the post-high-school summer thus requires a level of finance that may be unrelated to their ability to succeed in the classroom. As a result, students who have already broken through many barriers to college admission may fail to enter college.
Paring college-bound students with “fellow advisers”--students already in college who have been trained to support and coach their learners through the summer--improves the rate at which the learners show up at college. Even more wonderful, a low-cost campaign of text messages--in which researchers sent recent high-school graduates and their parents a series of eight to ten text-message reminders of key tasks to complete over the summer--is just as effective in increasing the rate of students who successfully make the change to college.
A little “summer pushing” could be a key step in getting students all the way across the finish line.
| The Key to College Success: Summer |
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The summer before college throws |
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Many misfortunes happening to future freshmen are related to |
| Future freshmen have false |
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Get ready, as the level of preparations really does |
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Career development refers to the life-long process of continuously managing your professional work. The process assists people in defining their career goals and ambitions clearly.
Education is the first step in career development because education received in various institutions like elementary school, high school, and university helps in increasing the depth of a student’s knowledge.
Career development is also concerned with personality as a person needs to present himself in the best way possible in his workplace to make a mark for himself. Relevant personal qualities are important, such as loyalty to the company, responsibility and so on, since these qualities can establish your credibility and honesty among colleagues.
Along with quality of education and personality, career development also emphasizes the important aspects of training. Knowledge learned in classrooms needs to be applied smartly to doing the work assigned in a satisfactory way. For this, a good deal of training needs to be provided for the employees by their employers. Get as much training as possible! Take any training available from your employers.
There are many objectives of career development, one of which is identifying your strengths and weaknesses. Your career won’t move in a wrong direction only if you make full use of your strengths and working on your weaknesses. A person understands his worth with the help of career development. Thus career development affects current and future performance of people.
Because of the development of globalization, employers may have to work in different places across the world. Therefore, adapting to the conditions that are changing is also one objective of career development. In the absence of career development programs, employees may witness a reduced productivity which will affect their career advancement.
Information is another objective of career development. Employees and students must have right information about career planning and various opportunities available to them at the right time to take opportunities and achieve their goals. They need to be aware of the skills and qualities which are essential in a modern business environment.
As has been stated above, one really has to take into account and do a lot in the process of career development. But what’s the most important is that those who are going to create a bright and plentiful career future must improve themselves constantly over the whole life span.
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Education |
Education helps deepen |
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A person is trained to put the knowledge learned _ |
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● Identifying strengths and weaknesses. Using strengths fully and overcoming weaknesses make one’s career move in the ● Globalization makes a person have to work in different places across the world. ● Getting information A person needs to know about career planning, employment opportunities, and the latest essential |
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| One has to improve himself constantly throughout his life. |
As living conditions in China are getting better, parents who want their children to have a bright future invest large sums of money to send their children to study abroad. However, there are countless difficulties that students have to face and solve when they study abroad. Therefore, it is necessary for Chinese overseas students to be aware of certain things to which they must pay attention._________ Safety issues before and after studying abroad have been one of the focuses of parents. However, all experts consider psychological preparation as the most important thing for students studying abroad to consider. They believe that students must have a clear picture of their position and know that they are going abroad to study and receive training and not for leisure. And they should not have the opinion that everything abroad is good and all things from China are bad. Students should prepare themselves for the differences.
_________ Chinese students have got accustomed to the domestic exam-oriented education style that is completely different from the more open foreign education mode. They will face changes in the educational system while studying abroad. So students should learn about the differences between the domestic and foreign education styles and try to find more solutions to adjusting to the open education in order to be well prepared for their overseas studies both mentally and practically.
__________ Students should ask related teachers to help make plans consistent with their practical condition. There should be both macro and detailed learning plans. Macro learning plans require students to hold on to the primary direction of their overseas studies and detailed learning plans require them to arrange learning content for each course and semester(学期). After the plan is made, they should strictly keep to them. Otherwise, the plan will have no effect.
_________ As Chinese students are not familiar with the place and people, and have to relatives by their sides, the first feeling they will feel is loneliness, which makes it especially important to learn to develop relationships with people around them. They may meet all kinds of fascinating people abroad. They should go out of their way to be friendly and strike up conversations. The most important thing is to pluck up enough courage to open your mouth and talk with others. Foreigners really like children of this kind and are willing to help them.
__________ Foreign children are used to learning by themselves in or after class, but Chinese children are used to teacher-centered education. Guided and supervised by parents and teachers, Chinese students don’t have much learning space. They may score high in exams, but they may lack independent learning skills and tend to be in a state of passive learning. So the most basic thing that children need to know is that studying abroad requires that they should adapt to overseas studies as soon as possible and try their best to learn actively and independently.
Until just a few years ago，we doctors believed that the brain stopped making new neural(神经系统的)connections (meaning that your memory began to get worse)when the body stopped developing，usually in your early 20s. And we knew that，like any other body part，neurons weaken as we age. Loss of brain function due to neural breakdown was assumed to be a normal，unavoidable part of aging.
It turns out that we were wrong. In the past few years，it has been discovered that you can，in fact，make new neurons starting in your 20s and continuing well into old age. You can literally rewire the brain with new parts as the older parts wear out. How？Simple：Keep learning. Just as your body can pack on and condition new muscle，your brain can rebuild used-up neurons.
How strong is the evidence for this？Strong enough that a $200 million industry devoted to brain boosting software (products like Brain Age，MindFit，and Lumosity that supposedly improve your memory function)has sprung up out of nowhere. All“mental fitness”means are keeping your memory intact(everything from phone numbers to how to throw a football)．So what can you do to stay smart?
Keep blood pressure down. People with high blood pressure are more likely to develop cognitive impairment later in life.
Eat more vitamins. Like E(in nuts and sunflower seeds)，B6 and B12(beef，tuna)，and folic acid(leafy greens，citrus，berries)，which help keep your brain’s chemistry in balance.
Exercise your brain. This is the best way to rebuild and strengthen those precious neurons. Learn to play chess or the guitar. When you’re at a stoplight，try to recall the starting lineup of the 1983 Celtics. See a movie that doesn’t feature Ben Stiller. Or read，like，a book.
Title：How to keep the ________smart？
| Previous |
The brain no longer makes new neural connections once the |
| New |
●New neurons continue to occur even in one’s old age. ● ●Many products which claim to improve your brain function appear in |
_______ |
●Keep yourself away from ● ● |
How do we find happiness every single day? How do we get more out of life to the fullest? There are 3 easy ways to enjoy life in daily life.
One way to find happiness within you is to show your appreciation to others. Appreciation not only gives happiness to others but we also receive happiness in return first for writing a letter of appreciation and second for the response we get. I encourage you to take 3 Post-it notes and write one Post-it of appreciation for your classmate, one for your friend and one for your parents and see the happiness you feel within and the joy you receive in return. It doesn’t cost any money; it’s simple and very rewarding.
Often we are too tough on ourselves by telling us we could have done things better. Have a look at your life and evaluate where you are today and what you have achieved. Often we tend to forget the achievements during the journey of our life and we need to be reminded. Take 5 minutes right now to write down what you have achieved in life and what you are proud of. Go over the list and tell yourself what a wond]erful person you are and what a great job you have done.
Have you ever kept a journal? Sometimes writing things down will give us clarity and awareness. When you write down in a journal, you have the ability to express yourself as you truly would like to be. Writing is part of inner peace, which is a road towards happiness. Take 5 minutes every day to write down your ideas and thoughts in your journal. By doing so, you will find inner peace and a sense of happiness.
The 3 easy steps above take only 15 minutes. Not only will it bring happiness to you but also to others.
| How to |
| Show your appreciation to others |
● Write an ● Send a Post-it note to your classmate, ● It costs |
| ● Write down your ● Keep the list as a reminder that you are a successful person. |
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| Keep a journal |
● It will give you ● It will help you find |
| If you follow |
Frederick M. Hess is the director of education policy study at the American Enterprise Institute, which is a nonprofit organization that does research on many public topics. He says that a long summer vacation doesn’t make sense in today’s world.
Can American students afford to take a summer vacation? In a summer vacation, millions of children spend valuable time sending messages, watching TV, playing video games and doing shopping in the mall. They will also be putting their academic futures at risk.
Summer vacation once made sense in the past when you didn’t need an education to get a good job. But now things have changed. For today’s students, academic skills are important to students’ future success, but such skills are affected in the summer time. Many other countries don’t give children an American style summer vacation. They offer no more than seven consecutive (连续的) weeks of vacation. Most American school districts offer up to thirteen weeks. To compete in the global marketplace, Americans must be prepared to go up against international competitors.
Summer vacation also causes challenges for today’s families. In the 1960s, more than 60% of families had a stayathome Mum. Now, two thirds of American children live in households where every adult works. For these families, summer vacation can be more a burden than a break. Someone must watch the kids.
But the biggest problem may be how summer vacation hurts academic achievement. Researchers have found that disadvantaged students lose ground in the summer time.
Any good suggestion? Yes. A longer school year does not have to be an invitation to hard boring work. Rather, it should allow time-pressed teachers to conduct richer and more imaginative lessons. Students would have more time to devote to sports, music and the arts.
To conclude, a long summer vacation can be a great thing. But in the 21st century, it may also be outdated. （313 words）
Title：About
| Theme |
A long summer vacation doesn’t make sense in today’s world. |
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| Basic Information |
Vacation length |
●In other countries: no more than 7 weeks ●In the USA: mostly |
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●Sending messages and watching TV ●Playing video games ●Doing |
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Making parents watch kids at home |
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Making disadvantaged students |
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| Summer vacation can be great but may be |
Apparently, the most talked about TV series in China right now is Red Sorghum（红高粱）, currently broadcasting on four major networks. And here are a few reasons why you might want to tune in: 1) It’s adapted from the novel Red Sorghum Clan by Nobel Prize-winning author Mo Yan, which already had a renowned film adaptation in 1987; 2) it’s directed by Zheng Xiaolong, best known for helming Legend of Zhen Huan; 3) and it’s Zhou Xun’s first return to the small screen after more than ten years.
After watching almost one third of the whole series, I’m pretty sure the series doesn’t disappoint — and sometimes it’s even better than I expected. But can it have an enduring impact like the Legend of Zhen Huan, or even its film version? I’m a little skeptical.
It’s the same story of the unrest of rural China in the late 1920s and 30s. But if you’ve read the novel or watched Zhang Yimou’s film version, it’s easy to get confused early in the show. There’re quite a few newly added characters, such as Jiu’er’s first love and sister-in-law, and more storylines that you’re just not familiar with.
This doesn’t mean it’s a bad adaptation, though. Whereas the film focuses more on social and political dynamics to reflect the spirit of the novel, the TV series pays more attention to detail and reflects lesser explored aspects of the book. To some extent, it has no choice — a TV series requires more substance to fill in long hours with content. Meanwhile, it’s more accessible to a television audience.
The biggest surprise in Red Sorghum is undoubtedly Zhou Xun. Although she’s mostly known for making movies, Zhou has portrayed a couple of classic TV characters, such as Huang Rong and the young Princess Taiping. Obviously, her elegant pixie-like（古灵精怪的） features haven’t kept her from playing the role of the 19-year-old Jiu’er successfully. Not as natural as Gong Li’s portrayal, though, Zhou certainly delivers a powerful new voice through the character.
Mo’s novel conveys a strong and evocative tone. My concern, also my hope, is that the symbolism of red sorghum, the metaphor for change and loss in a particular time and place, can shine through.
第四部分：任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
The term “organizational culture” refers to the norms(规范) and values of an organization, which together make up the personality of it. These values and norms are shared by people working throughout the organization. They govern the way employees interact with each other within the workplace. Therefore, improving organizational culture is of great significance, as people want to work for a company that enables them to keep a balance between their work and life. An organization with a good working atmosphere has shown an increase in the productivity of its employees. As a result, the attrition(自然裁员) rates are also lowered, which saves the money involved in recruiting(招收) and training new employees. Therefore, a healthy organizational culture is a win-win situation for the management, the customers, and most importantly, the employees themselves.
When it comes to improving organizational culture, training your employees in the right way is an important step towards it. When your employees know how to do things in the right way and what the company expects from them, the rate of conflicts and errors can be brought down significantly. A basic requirement for a productive environment is a diverse team of enthusiastic people. Through the right training, your employees will become interested in working as a team and improving the working atmosphere, as a whole. Then a productive environment will be created.
Another good way to bring about positive changes in the organizational culture is by analyzing the existing culture and comparing it with the expectations of your employees. Bring about changes accordingly. You can also organize discussions with your team members and talk about matters related to the current culture of the organization.
Conflicts are an unavoidable part of any organization. How they’re handled is an indicator of the common organizational culture. Therefore, when conflicts do arise, the management must settle them quickly and peacefully. More importantly, a transparent and fair conflict resolution mechanism(解决机制) should be created. If employees feel they’re all being treated equally, they’re more likely to accept their mistakes and the judgment of the management at the end of the conflict resolution exercises. Needless to say, such a treatment makes employees feel both at home and indebted to the organization, which just goes a long way towards improving the working environment.
摘录信息 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在文后小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写在答卷上。注意每空不超过三个单词。
Colors can affect our feelings. Generally, they can be divided into four kinds. They are calm colors, warm colors, energetic colors and strong colors.
Calm colors Some colors make us feel calm and peaceful. Blue is one of those colors. Blue can also represent sadness, so you may say “I’m feeling blue” when you are feeling sad. White is another calm color. It makes you feel calm and peaceful.
Warm colors Some colors can give you a happy and satisfied feeling. Colors like orange or yellow belong to these. Orange represent joy. It can bring you success and cheer you up when you’re feeling sad. Yellow is the color of the sun and wisdom, too.
Energetic colors When you feel tired or weak, you should wear energetic colors, such as green. Green can give you energy as it is the color of nature and represent new life and growth.
Strong colors Anyone who needs physical or mental(精神的) strength should wear red clothes. Red is the color of heat and represent power and strong feelings.
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| calm colors |
calm and peaceful |
|
| white |
||
| warm colors |
|
orange |
|
||
|
energetic |
|
| strong colors |
|
red |
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