Society is a web of relationships, requiring all parties(群体) to work together to create something good. What makes society work best are effective(有效的) relationships that are based on mutual(相互的) understanding. If you understand what people want and why they want it, you can usually find a way to make progress together.
High-quality relationships make people happy. Some people living in the poorest communities have almost nothing but turn out to be the happiest because they share a life, together. If effective relationships are working, happiness is always possible.
Here are some simple tips for building effective relationships.
Listen to and try to understand others' positions and feelings. Listening in itself can lead to understanding, and if you understand someone else fully, then you know how to work better with him or her.
Openly express your needs and feeling. Sometimes we expect people particularly those close to us at home or work to understand what we want and to give us what we need intuitively (凭直 觉地). However, people are so complicated and so different that even when they have lived together for 60 years, they can still surprise each other. So we need to say what we need and to express how we feel.
In order to make our relationships more effective, we should treat ourselves and other people with respect. Respect is one of the most important elements of any good relationship.
Finally, learn to face differences correctly. Learning this takes time and can be uncomfortable. However, if we can try to remove differences in an effective way, we are more likely to build exciting and satisfying relationships with others.
By doing these things you may discover that the happiness you long for is much closer than you thought.
Title:
| |
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| Make society Help people find a way to Make people happy because of their |
Understand other’s positions and feelings by Try to express your needs and feelings Treat yourself and others Learn to face the |
Scientists, doctors and mental health professionals have been studying the connection between colors and mood for years. Many now believe that colors can not only bring about emotional reactions, but can also correct mood. Colors behave in three basic ways: active, passive and neutral (中和的).
Active colors are warm colors, including yellow, orange and red. These colors bring confidence. Warm colors can also bring cheerful attitudes. Yellows and golden colors work well in offices, kitchens and study areas. Reds heat up a room. Passive colors or cool colors make people calm, quiet and satisfied. Bedrooms, private areas and bathrooms are great places for blues and greens. Beige, gray and white are thought of as neutral colors. They help to put the focus on other colors or serve to tone down colors that might otherwise be overpowering on their own.
You can easily change the look or feel of a room by making good use of different colors. Mixing and matching colors is an excellent way to balance color and emotion, and provide a welcoming feel for guests.
To create a feeling of warmth and comfort in a room, use bright, warm colors like yellow, orange and red. These colors are good choices for rooms that appear cool due to limited sunlight. Yellow adds cheerfulness to dull rooms. You can add yellows to rooms which are not closely related to happy thoughts, such as kitchens and laundry room. In rooms where there's plenty of sunshine, cool colors can provide a calming environment. Sage greens and sky blues are perfect for bedrooms, playrooms and activity areas. Neutral colors, such as pale gray, white and beige, send a peaceful message to your brain. It's not a coincidence that most doctor's offices, coffee shops and mental health centers are decorated in neutrals.
To make your wall color choices better, pick out furniture that will provide a visual contrast. Cool colors make a room seem larger than it is and warm colors make rooms feel smaller.
Title: The ____________ between colors and mood
| Commonly believed effects of colors |
|
| active colors ●bringing |
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| passive colors ●making people calm, quiet and bringing people more |
|
| neutral colors ●helping to put the focus on other colors or tone down |
|
| ●using bright, warm colors to make a ●using cool colors to create a calming environment in a bright room ●using |
|
| Tips on picking out furniture |
Picking out furniture that will give a visual contrast to |
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的空格内填入最恰当的单词. 每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。
A scientist once said that studying the stars from the earth is something like looking up at the sky from the bottom of a swimming pool. Even on the clearest night the earth’s dense atmosphere will dim stars in the sky as it screens out (遮挡) 30 percent of their light. Air turbulence (湍流) causes stars to winkle. Through a telescope, the stars seem to jump around dizzily.
Because the moon has no atmosphere, astronomers are looking forward to setting up an observatory there. On the moon, there will be no clouds to obscure the view. The sky will appear dark at all times, so astronomers can work twenty-four hours a day. Because there is not air turbulence, the stars will steady through a telescope.
Because the moon is relatively near the earth, moon-based astronomers will see the stars in familiar patterns known on earth. They will not need new star maps of the sky. Stars seen from the moon will appear to move very slowly. Because the earth rotates (自转) on its axis once every twenty-four hours, earth-based astronomers see the stars hurry across the sky each night. The moon rotates on its axis only once a month. To astronomers on the moon, the stars will appear to stand almost still. Moon-based astronomers will have much more time to focus their telescopes and take time ---exposure photographs.
On the earth, man-made radio noises jam the airwaves and interfere with the reception of radio signals from certain stars. A radio telescope located on the far side of the moon will be permanently protected from such interference.
It won’t be easy to put telescopes on the moon. However, astronomers are certain the job can be done. They are convinced that the moon is an ideal place to set up an observatory.
Title : The Reasons for establishing an observatory on the moon
| Main Comparison |
Context |
| Different |
There is very |
| On the earth, air turbulence causes stars to twinkle like |
|
| Different |
On the moon, the sky will seem to be in |
| Because of clouds, there is a |
|
| Different |
Earth-based astronomers see stars move very |
| Stars are seen on the moon to move at a very low |
|
| In contrast |
The moon is |
请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格填1个单词。请将答案写在答卷纸上相应题号的横线上。
Host family accommodation means that hosts treat the student as a full member of the household, eating together with the student and sharing the common living areas with him/her. No more than three adult students or four junior students will be accommodated in host family accommodation at one time.
Host family accommodation remains popular among international students. It is the most economical and beneficial accommodation for any student. It is also the best way to practise English and learn new cultures. As a result, it is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host family enables students to get enough practice during the short time of their study so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families, students are able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, who are often very hospitable and friendly, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Most host families are always ready to help students out in any situation. Often the bonds that are made between international students and their host families endure many years, and are maintained through letters and e-mails. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students as it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
The advantages, however, have not prevented host families from worrying. On the one hand, some host families are losing their unique selling point. One problem is that the majority of hosts in big cities, now generally single and young, have less time available for international students, but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice. On the other hand, students’ expectations have risen. They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-economic groups in their own countries.
To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service. They are trying to make living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom, and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family activities.
It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students.
| Title: Host Family Accommodation |
||
| Definition |
Host family accommodation refers to a kind of accommodation in which the student is treated as a |
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| Language study |
Students learn the language faster because they |
|
| Cultural communication |
It is more convenient for students to communicate and get to know the local |
|
| Cost of |
Sometimes it is the least expensive and enables students to live at a low cost. |
|
| Problems |
Loss of the selling point |
Hosts |
| Rise in |
Students are demanding more from their host families. |
|
| Improvement of service quality |
Hosts are They are offering students structured |
|
| Conclusion |
Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with international students. |
请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are hugely popular in grocery stores around the world. Many people are accustomed to choosing snack foods in grocery stores.
The first problem with packaged snack foods like cookies, crackers, and other bite-sized options is that they are often loaded with unhealthy materials. The reason for this is fairly easy to understand. Mass-produced foods need to be uniform in color, taste and so on. In order to achieve this uniformity, snack food producers use sugar, salt, and other chemical preservatives (防腐剂) and coloring materials in large amounts. These materials contribute to a rather unhealthy food.
In addition to requiring uniformity of taste and appearance, mass-produced snack foods like potato chips and candies need to be shelf stable. Preservatives and complex packaging make products shelf stable, but this stability and non-perish ability (抗腐性) often come at the expense of nutrition.
One reason that pre-made snacks are so popular in grocery stores is their prices. Food producers can keep costs down by using established production facilities and processes to quickly produce a huge amount of food. Shoppers are drawn to what they see at low prices.
People who are interested in improving the quality of their snacking can use magazines, books, and the Internet to discover a lot of healthy snacking tips and ideas. Even television shows about health and food sometimes talk about healthy snacking alternatives. Some healthy snacks, like fresh fruit, require no preparation at all.
Once people are aware of the drawbacks of clearly cheap and easy snack foods, they can start turning to better options. Soon, perhaps, the old and unhealthy snack options will no longer be profitable for food producers.
| Title: Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods |
|
| Fact |
Prepackaged, mass-produced snack foods are well |
| •Having preservatives, coloring materials and • Having uniformity of • Being shelf stable • Being at low |
|
| Problems |
• • Being shelf stable and non-perishable leading to some nutrition |
| Measures |
•Discover healthy snacking tips and ideas by |
| Conclusion |
• People will turn to better options once • The old and unhealthy snack foods will no longer bring |
If you are worried about things and are under a lot of stress at work or school, then you are probably not sleeping well. Worry can keep you awake, tossing(翻来覆去) and turning in bed until the early hours of the morning when you eventually fall asleep. When you wake up, you don’t feel refreshed, but tired and worn out and unable to face a new day.
Dr. Henry Winkle, in a recent newspaper article entitled Stress and Sleep, indicates that . Dr. Winkle says, “The more we worry, the less we sleep, the more we are unable to deal with stress. If we can find a way to get a good night’s sleep,” he adds, “we can often find the energy to deal with what’s worrying us.”
So, what is a good night’s sleep? Research shows that the amount of sleep which people need in order to keep healthy varies a lot. Seven hours is about average amount, though strangely enough, sleeping longer often gives you a headache instead of making you feel more refreshed.
Dr. Winkle believes that preparing for sleeping is important. People who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. This could be watching TV or listening to music. Doing some exercise earlier in the day should help you to feel physically as well as mentally tired. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake. “When you put the light out,” Dr. Winkle says, “concentrate on relaxing your muscles, working slowly up from your feet, and you’ll be asleep before you know it.”What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words)
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
People shouldn’t go to sleep immediately but should take a break after working late in the night.
Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)
Someone says that the longer you sleep, the better you feel. Try to find an argument from the passage against the idea. (Please answer within 15 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
There are many things that we wish to achieve in life. For some, we set goals and objectives, and for some we don’t. Try to remember the last time you set a goal to achieve a certain task. Were you able to complete the task in an effective manner? The tasks which are done by setting and meeting daily goals will definitely be useful and rewarding experiences. A step-by-step approach towards achieving smaller goals is the key to achieving larger ones.
When it comes to the workplace, each and every employee is expected to meet daily responsibilities and expectations. With organizations becoming more and more competitive, the importance of goal-setting for employees is increasing. It helps the employee to perform better and increases his or her efficiency and time management. It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
Setting goals for completing the daily schedule helps an employee to finish the assigned tasks and targets in a timely manner. If an employee is performing the way he or she is expected to, then this will automatically increase the performance, output and productivity of both the employee and the organization. Daily study targets are the same. This helps you complete your assignments within the set time, thus putting less pressure on you during exams and increasing your chances of performing well.
How many times you have to be at work on a weekend just to complete your work? How many times you have had to stay up all night to complete your homework or study for your exams? Had you followed your set goals and targets right from the beginning, you would have spent the time relaxing rather than being busy working or studying! Setting up goals and objectives helps you organize your time and efforts in an efficient manner.
In performing your work diligently, you are likely to keep a steady pace when it comes to fulfilling your set targets. Because you are already on track, there will be no unnecessary workload and time limits over your head. Therefore, another benefit of effective goal-setting is lack of stress and a more calm and relaxed mind. Only a stress-free and calm mind can house progressive and productive thoughts. A calm mind causes positivity, which goes a long way towards increasing your ability to achieve the personal goals you have set for yourself.
Each and every human being aims to achieve two things: to fulfill desires and to enjoy life. This is possible only through proper discipline and time management. Goal-setting leads to not only professional growth but also personal growth and development. You are expected to know that every step counts and that setting up goals is easy, but following them on a consistent basis is difficult. Therefore, if you want to be successful and also harvest the fruits of your hard work, you need to stick to your set goals and be focused towards achieving them. Realize the significant role that goal-setting plays in your life, make sure that you do all you can to achieve what you want., set your goals, work towards achieving them and celebrate your success!
| Passage outline |
Supporting details |
| Significance of goal-setting in achieving success |
*In face of competition, employees with goals can perform better as well as *Students who want to build a good career should attach |
| Increase output and performance |
*By setting goals, an employees can increase output and performance instead of *Students can have less pressure and perform well with the aid of daily study targets. |
| Help in time management |
*You can have your time and efforts *You’re likely to have more time for |
| Reduce |
*Chances are that you can fulfill your set targets steadily *Effective goal-setting is |
| Every step counts |
*You should be *Your hard work will |
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求)。
If the name Marissa Mayer doesn't sound familiar, Google it-that's probably what she'd want you to do, anyway.
But now Mayer, 37, is trading in (跳槽）her executive title at Google to be the new CEO of Yahoo, it was widely announced on July 16, 2012. Here are four things to know about Yahoo's new leader.
1. She Made History
When she started working for Google in 1999~years before Google became an everyday verb, Mayer was the company's first female engineer. But "Googirl" nickname aside, "I'm not a woman at Google. I'm a geek at Google," Mayer, who was the company's 20th employee, told CNN in April. "If you can find something that you're really passionate about, whether you're a man or a woman comes a lot less into play.
2.She's Glamorous (富有魅力的）
Add this title to her resume: Woman of the year. In 2009, Mayer was one of the leading ladies highlighted by Glamour magazine in its annual special issue. Photographed in a striking red dress, Mayer said, "When people think about computer science, they imagine people with pocket protectors and thick glasses who code all right. I do code all night!
3.And So Is HerApartment
If Google is your homepage, you're familiar with its clean-cut style and simple color scheme-just like Mayer's home. "People used to come over to my apartment and say, ‘Does your apartment look like Google or does Google look like your apartment?" She told The New York Times. "I can't say it clearly anymore. I really love color. I'm not very cluttery. My place has very clean simple lines. That has always appealed to me.”
4._______________
Ready to take on yet another important role, Mayer, who married financier Zachary Bogue in 2009, tweeted (写博文）out yet another announcement the same day word broke of her moveto Yahoo. "Another piece of good news today-zackbogue and I are expecting a new baby boy in October! I am going to be a mom!"What does "Google it" in the first paragraph mean？(no more than 6 words)
___________________________________Which company is Marissa Mayer working for now? (no more than 2 words)
___________________________________How do you find Marissa Mayer's apartment？(no more than 5 words)
___________________________________On which day did Mayer announce her another important role?(no more than 4 words)
___________________________________What is the best title for the last paragraph? (no more than 7 words)
___________________________________
Anyone who owns a car knows that we should maintain the car and fill it with fuel of good quality. To keep it looking good, we occasionally take it a wash. If we abuse the car, it won’t take us where we want to go.
it is with our body and soul. The body is just like a vehicle to do the soul’s building.
the body is full of energy, it can help open up the soul. Some deeper life issues will become easy for us. Just
we learn to maintain a car, we ought to learn how to maintain the body. There must be
balance between enjoying ourselves and working. For one thing, we don’t need to be a slave.
can sometimes refresh the body so that our soul can accomplish more. For
, we have to be in control. Enjoy the pleasure,
don’t be addicted to it. Only when our body is at full power can the “will-power” go further.
Here in China, as the awareness of climate change improves, realizing a low-carbon way of life, also known as reducing your carbon footprint, is a growing trend among young Chinese.
Zheng Xiyu works at office in Beijing’s Central Business District．Every day,
takes her roughly 40 minutes to go to work by bus．But she is thinking of
(switch) to a different way of transport--a bicycle．When buying clothes, she will choose those purely made of cotton,
it takes less carbon to produce cotton clothes．She’s also adapting to a vegetable diet as livestock(家畜) can make many contributions
today’s most serious environmental problems.
A recent survey shows 78% of all the 17,000 people questioned have developed environmentally friendly habits in their daily lives．They are doing things, such as taking reusable shopping bags to the store and setting the air conditioner at a temperature above 26oC in summer.
On many popular (society) networking websites, people are advocating a low-carbon lifestyle．Their tips include using the stairs and public transport more frequently
elevators and cars．They hope this lifestyle
(become) more than just a trend within certain groups.
As the most populous nation on the planet with the world’s fastest growing economy, China has become the second biggest emitter(排放者) of greenhouse gases．The recent extreme weather in the southern regions reflects a serious environmental challenge．Experts say there is no time (delay) with the effort to reduce carbon emissions.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空一词。
Job stress hits students
As the job-hunting season kicks off, many graduates are suffering from anxiety. Job interview results are becoming the most common conversation topic in dormitories. Worried about not getting satisfactory offers, some students have sleep problems, or lose their appetite. Some might even display symptoms of depression.
According to a survey across several universities in Wuhan conducted by Wuhan Yangtze Business University, over 72 percent of student participants were worried about finding a job. Students in the first one or two years were also uneasy about their job prospects, which contributed to spreading anxiety further.
Lang Lei, 22, a business major from Renmin University in Beijing, admitted having mood swings when job hunting. The student hoped to get positions with large state-owned enterprises in his hometown of Yantai, Shandong. But when it turned out that things wouldn’t be so easy, Lang became concerned. After some struggling moments, he has now changed to more realistic goals.
Others feel tortured（受折磨）while waiting for interview results. Mo Tong, a senior software engineering major at South China Normal University, would fall into a nervous state every time after he attended a job interview.
“For a day or two I couldn’t help but keep thinking about how I performed in front of the interviewers, how well I dealt with their questions, and whether they would consider giving me a chance in the end,” Mo was unable to focus on other things as his anxiety grew.
Media reports about rising unemployment rates and a difficult job market have touched students’ nerves.
‘‘I’ m alarmed by articles saying how bachelor’s degree holders are losing ground,” said Wang Hongjuan, a sophomore English major from Putian University in Fujian province. “It suggests to me that good jobs are only available to graduate or doctoral students.”
As Wang has no plans to further her education, she has to commit herself to all sorts of extracurricular activities to improve her prospects. This throws her into a packed schedule.
Wen Fang, a well-known education psychology expert and consultant in Beijing, advises students not to be misled by depressing surveys and reports about the job market. “Unemployment rates are not linked to an individual’s chances of getting a job,” he said. “An individual’s chances are actually mainly determined by his or her capability.”
According to Wen, a moderate degree of anxiety is normal--- it can even be helpful. But if it constantly affects a student’s normal life, one should pay more attention. “Focus on adapting yourself to the needs of society, and never ever overestimate your goals,” Wen added.
| Title: Job stress hits students |
||
| Present campus |
As the job-hunting season comes, most students become ●Students ●Some students are worried about not getting satisfactory jobs and feel ●Students in the first one or two years are also uneasy about their job prospects. |
|
| Examples |
Lang Lei |
●He in his hometown. ●He has now changed to more realistic goals. |
| Mo Tong |
●After an interview, he always thinks about how he performed in front of the interviewers and whether he could get a chance ●With his anxiety |
|
| Wang Hongjuan |
●She is alarmed by media reports saying bachelor’s degree holders have no ●She is busy with extracurricular activities to improve her prospects. |
|
| Experts’ opinion |
●One’s capability ●Students should not be misled by gloomy surveys and reports about the job market. ●Try to |
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每个空格只填1个单词。
Learning inside the museum
Museums have an important role in providing learning services to users，especially school children．Some learning services will provide a range of formal teaching opportunities in the museum；others will work closely with school teachers so that these teachers can make better use of the learning resources available through displays and exhibitions，databases，handling collections and museum staff.
In an ideal world，every museum would have at least one learning or education specialist．He or she would be a trained teacher who also had a good understanding of museums and museum collections，and a strong feeling to help people especially children use and learn from them.
A museum education specialist is of great value. For most museums the establishment of such a post should be high priority. He or she is the only member of staff with training in the psychology of learning，and has considerable experience of analyzing complex concepts and－presenting them in a simple way to a non-specialist audience. The education specialist is，indeed，the only professional interpreter in the museum.
It is clearly reasonable，therefore，for the museum to make full use of the education specialist's skills，and to involve him or her in all aspects of interpretation and the planning of new displays and exhibitions．Museum learning is not just about teaching children，though children may be its principal audience.
Many small museums may not be able to employ an education specialist of their own．For them，there are other possibilities. One is that the local Schools Service may be able to lend a teacher to the museum，perhaps for two or three years，who could be trained to apply teaching skills to the museum context: another is that suitable volunteers may be available in the community-perhaps retired teacher，or teachers not presently working who may be willing to give some of their time to the museum. Another possibility is sponsorship：a large company might be willing to finance the appointment an education specialist for a few years．
An important part of the work for the education specialist in a museum is to establish strong links with its local schools．He or she is a communicator who has responsibility for keeping contact with the teachers at local schools. He or she should make sure that the schools know what is going on at the museum and how they can make use of it，and that the museum staff know about development in the school.Above all,it is their responsibility to find out what schools want and to ensure that the museum does its best to meet those requirements．There needs to be a continuing dialogue between teachers and museum：the museum needs to know what the teachers are teaching；teachers need to learn how the museum could help，and what resources they could use．
The look of wonder on a child's face can be the reward for a lifetime's work in museums．The aims of museum learning are to establish contact between people ----whether children or adults---and objects；and not to teach facts，but to sow（播）a seed of interest，a spark（火花）of inspiration.
A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private safes(保险箱).
They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building equipment to dig holes and destroy walls. Saturday night, they tied up a security guard and spent
next nine hours robbing the bank.
One investigator described the robbery a “professional job”. The robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday
left at 7:00 on Sunday. They entered through the basements of the neighboring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank,
was having building works at the time.
When left, the robbers set the place on fire to remove any trace of evidence, switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building. Fortunately, the guard escaped unharmed.
is difficult to estimate the total value of
was stolen as only the bank’s clients(储户) know the content of their private safes.
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The World Bank，the United Nations and the London School Of Hygiene and Tropica1 Medicine did a study to urge hand-washing around the world. They found that one million lives could be saved each year if people washed their hands with soap often. They said that programs to increase hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious disease．
Doctors say，many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These include pinworms(寄生虫)，influenza(流行性感冒)，the common cold，hepatitis(肝炎)A，meningitis(脑膜炎)and infectious diarrhea(腹泻).
Hand-washing destroys germs from other people，animals or objects a person has touched. When people get bacteria on their hands，they can infect themselves by touching their eyes，nose or mouth．Then these people can infect other people．
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed．Another way to become sick is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food，before eating and after using the toilet．People should wash their hands after handling animals or animal waste，and after cleaning a baby．The experts say it is also a good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing．And it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick．The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together while using soap and warm water．They say you do not have to use special antibacterial soap．Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds．The rubbing action helps remove germs. Then rinse(冲洗)the hands with water and dry them．
Title: _________
| Theme |
Hand-washing could be among the most effective ways to reduce infectious diseases. |
| Many |
Pinworms, influenza, the common cold, hepatitis A, meningitis and infectious diarrhea. |
washing |
1. Before and after preparing 2. Before eating and after using the 3. After handling animals or animal waste; 4. After cleaning a baby; 5. After handling money and after sneezing or 6. When someone in your home is sick. |
| Rubbing them together while using |
|
| How hand-washing works |
Hand-washing destroys |
Directions: Read the following passage, Answer the questions according to the
information given in the passage.
Secret Santas
On Christmas morning, Linda wakes up, and tries to imagine the wide-eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them. Linda has never met the children, but that’s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas, she says.
"It's an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous (匿名的) basis," says Linda.
"It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays."
Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto, Canada, and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women's Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U.S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellowship and community service.
To find her "adopted" family, Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that's struggling to survive. Last year she helped a single mother with three children. The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home.
"The list is always heartbreaking. They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite, asking for basic clothes or simple toys," she says. "We always buy the kids a new winter coat, hats, and gloves." She also buys gifts for the parents.
Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list--one that didn't include the basics. "Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime." She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest."I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this," says Linda. "Pay attention to what's going on in your own backyard--no matter where you live."
The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous.What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have?
(No more than 5 words) (2 marks)
Why did Linda join the American Women's Club of Toronto?
(No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
Why did Linda ask for a second wish list?
(No more than 15 words) (3 marks)
What kind of people does "secret Santas" in the passage refer to?
(No more than 12 words) (3 marks)
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