Like all vertebrates(脊椎动物), fish have sense organs that tell them what is happening within their environment. The organs enable them to see, hear, smell, taste and touch.
A fish’s eyes differ from those of land vertebrates in several ways. For example, most fish can see to the right and to the left at the same time for the fact that a fish has no neck and so cannot turn its head. Fish also have no eyelids. For land vertebrates, eyelids(眼睑）help moisten(使湿润) their eyes and protect them from sunlight. A fish’s eyes are kept moist by the flow of water over them. They do not need to be shielded from sunlight because it is seldom extremely direct and bright underwater. Some fish have unusual adaptations of the eye. For example, a flatfish has two eyes on the same side of the head. A flatfish spends most of the time lying on its side on the ocean floor and so needs eyes only on the side that faces upward. The eyes of certain deep-sea fish are at the ends of short structures that stick out from the head. These structures can be raised upward, allowing the fish to see overhead as well as to the side and to the front.
A few kinds of fishes are born blind. They include certain species of catfish that live in total darkness in the waters of caves. Some of these fishes have eyes but no vision(视觉). Others lack eyes completely.Why can’t a fish turn its head? (no more than 6 words)
_____________________________________________________________________What can prevent land vertebrates’ eyes from sunlight? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________________Why are the flatfish’s eyes different from other fishes’? (no more than 14 words)
_____________________________________________________________________What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 6 words)
__________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意每题词数要求)。
[1]Freezing weather can mean frostbite(冻伤)and hypothermia(体温过低)unless a person is prepared. Today we talk about how to stay warm，dry and safe．
[2]Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long．It mainly happens on the hands，feet，nose and ears．If deeper tissue is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold．Hypothermia is a condition that develops when the body cannot produce as much heat as it：releases．Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking，very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly．
[3] To avoid cold-related injuries，here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm．Think of COLD—C．O．L．D．
[4]The C stands for cover．Wear a hat and scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head，neck and ears．And wear mittens(连指手套)instead of gloves．
[5]The O stands for overexertion(用力过度)．Avoid activities that will make you sweaty．Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination．
[6] L is for layers．Wearing loose，lightweight clothes，one layer on top of another，is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing.
[7]D is for dry．In other words，stay as dry as possible．Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing．These include the tops of boots，the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens or gloves．
[8] And here are two other things to keep in mind-one for children and ．Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body’s temperature．And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm．But what it really does is weaken the body’s ability to hold heat．For what purpose did the writer write this passage?(no more than l5 words)
List two signs of hypothermia．(no more than 8 words)
Should we drink alcohol to keep warm? Why or why not? (no more than 15 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 8 with proper words．(no more than 6 words)
Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese．
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Many students find it hard to make friends when they are in high school. Keeping my suggestions in mind may give you a hand. They certainly helped me, and by the end of my three years of high school, I had formed my group of friends, with whom I still keep in touch now.
Here are my tips:
Say hello anytime I see an acquaintance（相识的人）.
Because I was always smiling and greeting the people I knew, people naturally thought I was friendly（though I am not naturally sociable）. And high school students want to be friends with sociable people.
Take the first step.
All the girls there already knew each other—they didn't need another friend. But I did, so I had to make the effort. I had to be the first one to invite somebody to go to a movie with me, or come to my house. Once I did that they started to respond with the same thing.
Use classes to get to know people.
I met most of my first friends because I sat next to them in class. Class（before, after, or even during class time）is a great opportunity to begin a conversation. For example, ask for help about homework.
Make friends slowly.
I couldn't get discouraged (泄气的) when it took a while to make friends．It really takes some time to make new friends. In a word, ________________________.
Above all, remember that it can and will get better. You may have to work a little to make your high school experience a great one, but it's really worth it!For what purpose does the writer write this passage?（Please answer within 15 words.）
____________________________________________________________________Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
I was believed to be sociable because of my friendly attitude towards others．
_____________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank with a sentence.（Please answer within 10 words.） _____________________________________________________________________
Which piece of advice does the following sentence belong to? (Write in detail)
Everybody should make friends patiently in high school.
____________________________________________________________________ Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. ___________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，用英语简要回答文后所给的5个问题。每题不超过15个单词。
In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now.
About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper that the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed.
After trying the ball for some time, a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional black and white one, and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. Another footballer said that there would be more goals. "For the player on the ground, the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals." he said.What was the new rule in the 1998 World Cup Football Match?
_________________________________________________________________________What’s the color of the French national flag?
_________________________________________________________________________Why is it not easy for the goalkeepers to catch the new footballs?
_________________________________________________________________________What’s the best title for this passage?
_________________________________________________________________________Which kind of balls was used in the past?
_________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后面的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）
“Please do not play with your toys on the living room furniture!”---that may be something you hear very often. However, thanks to British toy and furniture designer Amy Whitworth, now your parents may actually encourage you to play with your toys on the living room furniture---the Qubis Haus which is a playhouse by day,and a coffee table by night!
The innocent-looking centerpiece can be changed into a toy in a matter of minutes. What’s even more amazing is that it can be set up in many different configurations(配置)，which means one can have a new house every day!
If you are thinking this toyhouse is for girls only, think again! For one it is a classy neutral brown, _________bright pink. Also, Amy has built it just right size for those Star Wars characters to live in. And best of all, because the walls can be made to order, the coffee table can change into a beautiful palace or a control deck for a starship!
The Qubis Haus comes with full sets for the bedroom. Living room and the dining room. All the pieces of furniture are magnetic(地磁的)，so they stay put! Also because some creative kids like to build their own, some regular building blocks have been added! Finally, to ensure that other people’s Qubis Haus does not look exactly like yours, the furniture can be ordered in a variety of different fabrics(纤维织物). What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
Why can one have a new house every day if he owns the Qubis Haus? (no more than 10 words)
Fill in the blank in paragraph3 with proper words. (no more than 2words)
Why is the furniture ordered in different fabrics? (no more than 13words)
What does the word “they”(line2, last paragraph) refer to? (no more than 5words)
阅读表达 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Many students find it hard to make friends when they are in high school. Keeping my suggestions in mind may give you a hand. They certainly helped me, and by the end of my three years of high school, I had formed my group of friends, with whom I still keep in touch now.
Here are my tips:
Say hello anytime I see an acquaintance（相识的人）.
Because I was always smiling and greeting the people I knew, people naturally thought I was friendly（though I am not naturally sociable）. And high school students want to be friends with sociable people.
Take the first step.
All the girls there already knew each other—they didn't need another friend. But I did, so I had to make the effort. I had to be the first one to invite somebody to go to a movie with me, or come to my house. Once I did that they started to respond with the same thing.
Use classes to get to know people.
I met most of my first friends because I sat next to them in class. Class（before, after, or even during class time）is a great opportunity to begin a conversation. For example, ask for help about homework.
Make friends slowly.
I couldn't get discouraged (泄气的) when it took a while to make friends．It really takes some time to make new friends. In a word, ________________________.
Above all, remember that it can and will get better. You may have to work a little to make your high school experience a great one, but it's really worth it! For what purpose does the writer write this passage?（Please answer within 15 words.）
____________________________________________________________________ Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
I was believed to be sociable because of my friendly attitude towards others．
_____________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank with a sentence.（Please answer within 10 words.） _____________________________________________________________________
Which piece of advice does the following sentence belong to? (Write in detail)
Everybody should make friends patiently in high school.
____________________________________________________________________ Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. ___________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，并根据要求完成文章后的题目。(请将答案写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。)
Kids are drawn to smoking for a lot of reasons — to look cool, act older, lose weight, or feel independent, but you can keep your child from getting addicted to tobacco. Here are a few points to keep in mind:
Discuss other topics in a way that doesn’t make your child fear punishment or judgment.
Stress what your child does right rather than wrong. Self-confidence is your child’s best protection against peer (同龄人) pressure.
Encourage your child to take part in activities that rule out smoking, such as sports.
When it comes to the dangers of tobacco use, it’s important to keep talking to your child about it over the years. Even the youngest child can understand that smoking is bad for the body.
Ask your child what he or she finds attractive or not attractive about smoking. Be a patient listener.
Read, watch television, and go to the movies with your child. Compare media images with what happens in reality.
Discuss ways to respond to peer pressure to smoke. Your child may feel confident simply saying “no”. But also offer your child responses such as, “It will make my clothes and breath smell bad.”
Encourage your child to walk away from friends who don’t recognize or respect his or her reasons for not smoking.
Explain how smoking affects the daily life of kids who start doing it. How do they afford the cigarettes? How do they have money to pay for other things they want? How does it affect their friendship?
Set firm rules that forbid smoking from your house and ______: Smokers smell bad, look bad, and feel bad, and it’s bad for everyone’s health. What’s the best title for the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
____________________________________________Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Try to persuade your child to join in some activities which are not linked to smoking, like sports.
____________________________________________Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.)
____________________________________________Give another point that you think is important and explain why. (Please answer within 30 words.)
____________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
____________________________________________
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
The old man walked slowly into the restaurant. His poor jacket, patched trousers, and worn-out shoes made him stand out from the usual Saturday morning breakfast crowd. Unforgettable were his pale blue eyes that sparkled like diamonds, large rosy cheeks, and thin lips held in a steady smile.
With the help of his trusty cane, he walked toward a table by the window. A young waitress named Mary watched him and ran over to him, saying, “Here, Sir. Let me give you a hand with that chair.”
Without a word, he smiled and nodded a thank you. She pulled the chair away from the table. Steadying him with one arm, she helped him move in front of the chair, and get comfortably seated. Then she pushed the table up close to him, and leaned his cane against the table where he could reach it.
In a soft, clear voice he said, “Thank you, Miss.”
“You are welcome, Sir.” She replied. “My name is Mary. I’ll be back in a moment. If you need anything, just wave at me!”
After he had finished a hearty meal of pancakes, bacon, and hot lemon tea, Mary brought him the change, helping him up from his chair and out from behind the table. She handed him his cane, and walked with him to the front door. Holding the door open for him, she said, “Come back and see us, Sir!”
He nodded a thank you and said softly with a smile, “You are very kind!”
When Mary went to clean his table, she was shocked. Under his plate she found a business card and a note written on the napkin, under which was a $100 bill.
The note on the napkin read, “Dear Mary, I respect you very much, and you respect yourself, too. It shows by the way you treat others. You have found the secret of happiness. Your kind gestures will shine through those who meet you.”
The man she had served was the owner was the restaurant. This was the first time that she, or any of his employees, had seen him in person.When did the story happen? （No more than 10 words）
What was the old man wearing when he walked into the restaurant? （No more than 10 words）
Please explain the underlined phrase "stand out" in English. （No more than 5 words）
Why did Mary ran over to the old man? （No more than 15 words）
What is the meaning of "Happiness"? What have you learned from the story? （No more than 25 words）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意各小题后面的词数要求）。
(1) According to one study, words send only 7 percent of a person's message.Intonation(语调) and voice quality communicate 38 percent, and nonverbal (not using or involving words) cues (暗看专)transmit a large 55 percent. That means people pick up more from nonverbal communication than from the words a person says. When studying a foreign culture then, it just makes sense to pay attention to how people use nonverbal cues.
(2) Gestures make up a major form of nonverbal communication. But often these gestures are culture-bound. For example, when the Maoris of New Zealand stick out their tongue at someone, it is a sign of respect. When American schoolchildren make the same gesture, it means just the opposite. Also, Americans often indicate "OK" with their thumb and forefinger touching to form a circle. The same gesture means"money" to the Japanese and "zero" to the French. For that reason, people in a foreign culture must use gestures with caution.
(3) Another part of nonverbal communication is the one that you might not think about—space. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he knocks into someone, he feels obligated(有义务的) to apologize. But the size of a person's "comfort zone" varies, depending on his culture or ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. People in Latin or Arabic cultures, instead,________ and touch each other often.
（4） Considering the effects of nonverbal communcation, we never rea11y stop communicating. How we walk, how we stand and how we use our hands all send a message to others. That's why it’s possible to "read someone like a book. " Why do we pay more attention to nonverbal cues in a foreign country? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________________How does an American feel when an Arab stands too close to him? (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________________Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
___________________________________________________________________What does the passage mainly talk about? (no more than 6 words)
______________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到题后的横线上（请注意题后的词数要求）。
[1]Some people's ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It traps dirt and other matter and keeps insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry.
[2]So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. And there are two kinds. Most people of European or African ancestry have the "wet" kind: thick and sticky. East Asians commonly have ___________.But you can have too much of a good thing.
[3]The glands(腺体) in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax normally falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can harden and form a blockage that interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears，but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.
[4]Experts at N.I.H., the National Institutes of Health, suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. One way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use an injector device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.
[5]The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.
[6]After the earwax is gone, gently dry the ear. But if irrigation fails, the best thing to do is to go to a health care provider for professional assistance. What’s the purpose of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________.What’s the bad effect of too much earwax on our hearing? (No more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （No more than 3 words）
____________________________________________________________________. What does the underlined word “this process” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to?
(No more than 2 words）
____________________________________________________________________.Will you use freezing water when trying to remove earwax? Why or why not?
(No more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________.
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1]When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault. "or "I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.
[2]However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
[3]Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need.
[4]Actually, cases of this kind are common occurrence. If your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability __________ simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
[5]This is what being a winner is all about ----- creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situation to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on "whose fault it is. " Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 5 words)
How do you deal with a problem your colleague brings about? (no more than 10 words)
Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (no more than 4 words)
If you are a winner, what will you take problems as ? (no more than 15 words)
What does the underlined word “This” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to? (no more than 15 words)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Do you like chocolate? Most people do．Some like it in bars．Others just like big squares of it．
Say you just got a box of chocolate．Which piece do you pick first? A study carried out by a professor in the University of Virginia showed that people's choices of chocolates show their personality．If you choose a round piece, you are a person who likes to party．If you select an oval shape, you are a person who struggles．You like to_________ and push yourself to be successful．Picking a square shape shows that this is an honest and truthful person you can depend on．
What kind of chocolate do you pick? Maybe you like milk chocolate．This shows you have warm feelings about the past, while dark chocolate means something else—the person who chooses it something else the future．What about white chocolate? Would you like to choose it? If so, you may find it hard to make up your mind．Those who like chocolate with nuts are people who like to help others．
Do you believe these ideas? Can chocolate tell all these things? It doesn't matter．There is one sure thing about eaters of chocolates - they eat it because they like it．What is the best title of the text? （no more than 8 words．）
_________________________________________________________What does the underlined word “their” probably refer to ?( no more than 2 words.)
___________________________________________________________Fill in the blank ( paragraph 2,line 5 )with proper words.( no more than 4 words.)
You like to_________ and push yourself to be successful．Catherine likes eating white chocolate; what’s her character or personality according to the passage? ( no more than 10 words.)
____________________________________________________________________What’s the writer’s attitude towards the information about chocolate in the text? ( no more than 15 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
[l] Scientists guess that 80% of a person's weight gain comes from genetics and 20% comes from the person's environment. By 1998, more than 130 genes and gene neighbors were found to have some link to weight gain or weight loss in people. These different genes can either work all together or work in groups. This means that different people may ___________________or lose weight with difficulty for different reasons.
[2] One example of these different kinds of combinations is a family of genes that allows people to change extra fat into heat instead of storing the fat in the body. Animals which have this same family of genes do not gain weight easily as other animals. Other genes may affect how quickly the stomach lets the brain know that it is full. If these genes slow down the passage of this information, people may eat more than they really need. Genes are also thought to be linked with a person’s fidgets in a day. Fidgeting is small movements of a person's hands, feet, arms or legs usually when the person is nervous or excited. Fidgeting actually uses a lot of energy over a day and his energy usually comes from burning fat.
[3] In one experiment about weight gain, researchers wanted to see how much energy different people used when they were resting. People in the experiment were asked to lie on a bed and not move for 40 minutes. Researchers then measured the energy the person used for breathing. They found that different people in the study used very different amounts of energy for this one job, breathing. Researchers calculated that some people in the study burned 1,067 calories per day while others burned up to 3,015 calories. Those people who burn fewer calories doing normal work or exercise have a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).What is the main idea of this passage? ( no more than 10 words. )
When may people eat much more than they really need ? ( no more than 12 words )
____________________________________________________________________Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (no more than 5 words. )
What’s the conclusion of the experiment? ( no more than 15 words. )
What does the underlined word "it" (in Paragraph 2) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
I've seen people do all kinds of things to relieve anxiety. Some have a glass of wine at dinner. Others shop or eat．But these are troubling times with hurricanes, tsunamis, war, and acts of terrorism —and if drinking, eating, or hitting the mall is your way offending off anxiety over the state of the world, you should know that the bill will eventually come due．And I don't mean just the credit card statement．Such coping methods do nothing to build your inner strength and resilience（弹性）．Fortunately, there are ways to nurture（培养）true inner peace when outer peace isn't an option．
A few months ago, a woman called Nancy attended one of my seminars．Nancy had been through hard times. Three years earlier her house had burned down; then her husband's National Guard unit shipped out to Iraq, and when he returned he was angry, depressed, and shocked．The couple got treatment yet grew further apart until, finally, her husband asked for a divorce．Nancy realized she had a choice: She could drown in self-pity or move forward．After seeing how the trauma（心灵创伤）of war had torn up her husband, she wanted to make a difference with her life．So, at 35, she enrolled （注册学习）in a nursing school．
I think even Nancy was surprised by her resilience．But her leap into a life of greater meaning came from a simple change in outlook．She shifted her focus from her own problems to the difficulties of others．And that one change brought her clarity and peace．
This time of global uncertainty challenges each of us to create our own sense of security．That doesn't mean you need to follow Nancy's lead into a nursing career, but keeping an eye on what really matters will help you maintain your balance when things around you seem to fall apart．List at least three common coping methods when people come down with anxiety．（No more than 7 words）
_______________________________________________________________How did Nancy's husband feel when he returned? （No more than 6 words）
What choice did Nancy make after her husband asked for a divorce?
（No more than 13 words）
How should we relieve our anxiety according to the writer?
（No more than 15 words）
Effective(有效的)listening is important for improving communication between people. The sad part is that we want others to listen to us, but we ourselves are bad listeners, therefore creating barriers(障碍) to effective listening. Here are some common barriers to effective listening and some ways of overcoming them.
Before the speaker finishes speaking, you think you know the answer already and interrupt him or her. This is one of the most common barriers to effective listening. Respect is important for good listening. If you think you know the answer, you still should listen carefully to what’s being said, and then make ready a few questions and answers, wait for several seconds and then start speaking.
Whenever a speaker speaks, many a time listeners try to help the speaker. Though it may seem as if you’re trying to help, actually it isn’t so. In fact you should set up a separate(单独的) meeting for advising the speaker. If you feel you have anything to say, which the speaker may not know, you should politely ask if you may suggest anything.
In a heated discussion, the speakers sometimes don’t agree to each other’s opinions and treat it as a competition, and then it becomes a barrier to good listening. To overcome this, you should express your opinions after the speaker has finished speaking. Speak out wherever you disagree, but also if you agree on anything, you should point it out.Why is effective listening important? (No more than 8 words.)2分
______________________________________________According to Paragraph 2, what prevents effective listening? (No more than 8 words.)2分
_________________________________________________What will you do if you really want to say anything the speakers may not know? (No more than 10 words.)3分
__________________________________________________How can you avoid treating a heated discussion as a competition? (No more than 10 words.)3分
__________________________________________________
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