Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old
men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.
In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like
policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street.
Fifty years later, there were 120 "Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and
needed more policemen. So in 1829, London Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Until
1920 all the police in London were men.Who protected London in 1700? (回答词数不超过4个)
When was London Police Force started? ( 回答词数不超过2个)
Are all the London police men now? (回答词数不超过1个)
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
Homework is a great way for kids to develop independent, lifelong learning skills, so here are some general homework tips for parents:
● Make sure your child has a quiet, well-lit place to do homework.
Avoid having your child do homework with the television on or in places with other distractions, such as people coming and going.
● Make sure the materials your child needs, such as some paper, pencils and a dictionary, are available.
Ask your child if special materials will be needed for some projects and get them in advance.
● Help your child with time management.
Establish a set time each day for doing homework. Don’t let your child leave homework until just before bedtime. Think about using a weekend morning or afternoon for working on big projects, especially if the project involves getting together with classmates.
● Be positive about homework.
Tell your child how important school is. The attitude you express about homework will be the attitude your child acquires.
● When your child asks for help, provide guidance, not answers.
Giving answers means your child will not learn the material. Too much help teaches your child that when the going gets rough, someone will do the work for him or her.
Cooperation with the teacher. It shows your child that the school and home are a team. Follow the directions given by the teacher.
● Reward progress in homework.
If your child has been successful in homework completion and is working hard, celebrate that success with a special even (e.g. pizza, a walk, a trip to the park) to reinforce the positive effort
| Title |
||
| Topic |
Basic requirements |
|
| A single room |
●Quiet and well-lit ● |
|
| Materials for homework |
Things |
●Some paper ●Some pencils ●A dictionary ● |
| Time management |
Doing homework |
A |
| Attitudes to homework |
● ●Accepted by children |
|
| Dos and don’ts |
●Provide guidance ●Don’t give answers ●Cooperate with the teacher ●Follow the teacher’s directions |
|
| Successful homework |
Reward the child with a special event. |
Have you ever been in a meeting while, someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and made up your mind to pay attention and ever have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.
“On the contrary,” says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology, “daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn't get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day: You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the conscious and unconscious states of mind have silent dialogues.”
Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures: Daydreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life.” Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your day dreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Day dreams help you recognize the difficult situations in your life and find out a possible way of dealing with them. Daydreams cannot be predicted, they move off in unexpected direction which may be creative and full of ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.
About Daydreams
| Attitudes |
Advantages |
|
||
| A. |
organize our lives; |
not be predicted |
A. daydreams: |
|
| B. harmful : |
B. Hard to understand |
The internet has led to huge increase in credit-card (信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal Website (非法网站). Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with card. On line, shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.
The thieves then go shopping with your card number or sell the information over the Internet.
Computer hackers have broken down security (安全) system, raising questions about the safety of card-holder information.
Several months ago, 25000 customers of CD universe, an on-line music retailer, were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Website after the retailer refused to pay USD 157 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Master-card is working on plans for Web-only credit-card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
Ask about your credit-card firm’s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first USD 78 of any fraudulent spending.
And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the Website offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password (密码) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “fraud”.
_____________________________________________________________________________According to this passage, why do most people worry about shopping on the Internet ? (回答词数不超过8个)
_____________________________________________________________________________If the passwords of your credit-cards are not probably kept, what will happen? (回答词数不超过6个)
Some people seem to have a skill for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules of grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be more clever than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and rules by themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues(线索) and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.
Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try their best to communicate with others.
They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn in it.
| Learning Techniques |
Dos |
Don’ts |
| <> Discover their own way. <> Find patterns and rules on their own. <> Form their own |
<> Depend on the book or teacher. <> Wait for the teacher’s |
|
| Active learning |
<> Make <> Try to communicate with people |
<> Wait for chances. |
| Repeating |
<> Make mistakes and try again. <> Accept information that is not exact or <> |
<> Be afraid of repeating what they hear. <> Only know the meaning of every word. |
| Learning with a |
<> Have a strong <> Be willing to communicate. <> Practice the language |
<> Be not interested in it. <> Rarely practice the language. |
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。
The Japanese love to give gifts. This habit is not practiced only on special occasions, but it’s widely accepted as social duty and responsibility. Because gift-giving is such an important social aspect of Japanese life. It's important to be aware of some key factors.
Devalue the gifts you give. The important thing is to act and seem modest. You don't
want the receiver to think that you are arrogant or proud. Denigrate(贬低) your gift as much as possible. It doesn't matter if the label on the box bears the symbol for a famous brand. The Japanese value the appearance of a modest gift-giver who tries to stay away from praise.
Praise the gift you receive. Although praising may seem obvious, overpraising the gift is the key. It's also important to praise the fine taste of the gift-giver in making that particular choice for you. And don't forget to give a thousand and one thanks.
unless you are urged to do so. And when you do, you must take the utmost care in unwrapping it. Don't look eager, and be careful that you don't tear the paper or cut the ribbon. After observing, praising, and thanking, be sure to rewrap the gift as if it had never been opened. Try to appear as if you take great pride in the value of the gift.
Choose gifts with practical value. In general, don't buy things such as ornaments, vases, and kitchenware; it's already assumed that everyone has these things. To do so may suggest that you don't approve of the other person's taste. Also, most Japanese houses are very small and don't have extra space for useless junk.What is the best title for the passage? (no more than l0 words)
Fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
List three kinds of things you'd better not buy for a Japanese friend.
① ② ③ Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
What do the Japanese usually do when they receive a gift? (no more than l0 words)
阅读下面文章，回答有关小题，注意括号内的词数。
Do you have a friend who is upset about his or her parent’s drinking? You want to do something to help, but what? Your friend may not talk about this with you, but you can still be a good friend. One out of four children lives with at least one adult who has alcoholism, so your friend is not alone.
●Be a good listener. Your friend may need someone to talk to. Listen to your friend and suggest that she or he talk to a trusted adult in addition to talking to you .You can offer a good listening ear, but sometimes an adult is needed for more serious things. Maybe you can suggest a caring adult for your friend to talk to, such as a teacher, a neighbor, or a grandparent. He will listen and support your friend, and he will not hurt your friend or put your friend down.
●Don’t spread gossip(闲话) about your friend’s family. It’s okay to tell your parents or another trusted adult what is going on, but respect your friend’s right by not telling other kids in your class.
●Ask your parents if your friend ___________your house, and then invite your friend over for enjoyable activities or to do homework together. Sometime
s your friend might just ne
ed to get away and have fun being a kid.
●Don’t ride in a car when a friend’s parent has been drinking if you can avoid it. It is not safe. Call your parents, walk, or try to get a ride with an adult you know who has not been drinking. If you must get in the car with a drinking driver, sit in the middle of the back seat with your seat belt fastened. Lock your doors and try to stay calm.
1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words)
______________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
To help a friend in trouble, you can advise him or her to talk to someone who can be 
depended on for help.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words of phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. Which of the suggestions do you think is best for you if you find your friend in trouble? Why? (Please answer within 30 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
As a nation, we’re getting fatter
In Britain, people with a healthy body weight are in the minority.
Nearly two thirds of men (65%)and more than half of women(56%)are either overweight or obese（病态肥胖的）.
Nearly a quarter of men and women (24%)are obese.
The number of overweight and obese people in the UK is increasing. A recent government report showed that if current trends continue, the majority of people in the country will be obese by 2050, including 60% of men and 40% of women.
What is a healthy weight?
You can find out whether your weight is within the healthy range by calculating your body mass index or BMI. Check your BMI using our BMI chart.
For many people, it’s just not realistic to aim for a so-called “ideal weight” for your height. Instead of focusing on a target weight, it may be more helpful to work on changing your lifestyle, which can help you reach a healthier weight.
Small change
s can have big effects
Most people gain weight throughout their lives, often without realizing it. Very small changes can result in large weight gains over time, For example by simply eating an excess of 50 calories per day – just half a biscuit – you could gain 5 pounds or 2kg over a year. So in 5 years’ time you could be over 25 pounds or 10 kg heavier.
But good news is that small changes of your lifestyle can lead reduction in body weight. This may sound simple, but in reality it takes commitment and effort to change the habits of a lifetime. The day-to-day choices we make about our lifestyle have the greatest effect on our weight.
Losing weight and keeping it off!
The best way to lose weight is to eat healthily, eat smaller amounts and . This will help you to take in less energy from food and increase the amount of energy you burn off by being more physically active.
1．What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 15 words)
2．Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?
What affects our weight greatly is the way of life that we choose every day.
3．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words .(no more than 5 words)
4．How heavy could you gain in 10 years if you ate an excess of 100 calories every day according to this passage? (no more than 10 words)
5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
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