Todaytherearepolicemeneverywhe

更新 2022-09-03
科目英语
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Today there are policemen everywhere, but in 1700, London had no policemen at all. A few old
men used to protect the city streets at night and they were not paid.
In 1750, Henry Fielding started to pay a group of people to stop thieves. They were like
policemen and were called "Bow Street Runners" because they worked near Bow Street.
Fifty years later, there were 120 "Bow Street Runners", but London had become very big and
needed more policemen. So in 1829, London Police Force was started with 3,000 officers. Until
1920 all the police in London were men.
Who protected London in 1700? (回答词数不超过4个)
When was London Police Force started? ( 回答词数不超过2个)
Are all the London police men now? (回答词数不超过1个)

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Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:
·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.
·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.
·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire even more attention than parents can or should give.
If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.
Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气) . In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.
It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.
Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.
60. Why does the author think conflicts are good?
A. It’s a sign that children are trying to be independent.
B. Children can learn to control the bad temper.
C. This can develop a better way of communication.
D. It can improve the relationship between parents and children.
61. A 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, because he may          ,
A. feel being ignored by his parents.
B. get tired of being looked after by his parents.
C. want to stay with his parents at any time.
D. be blamed by his parents for his faults.
62. In most cases , the conflicts between parents and their children      .
A. lead to more misunderstandings                       B. don’t hurt feelings
C. are highly valued by parents                                 D. involve visiting doctors
63. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Children understand what their parents think of clearly.
B. Children enjoy giving their opinions by conflicting with their parents.
C. Most parents would rather punish their children than reward them.
D. Communication can reduce conflicts between parents and children.

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四、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在机读卡上将该项涂黑。
Watson entered Mr Smith’s office. The Boss was a hard man. He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.
“Watson,” said Mr Smith, “this past year your department hasn’t earned money. We’re going to drop that department. It’s finished. I’ m sorry, —but you’ll have to go.” “But, sir—if I just had a little more time. For the moment I need the job to keep my son at Riverside School.”
“What’s that!” said the Boss. “Riverside! I didn’t know you had a boy there. That’s an expensive school for a man with your salary.”
“1 know, sir. But he likes it there so much! He’s a star trackman（田径运动员） and the best boxer in the school. The boys call him Champ（冠军） there.”
The Boss sat perfectly still for a long time—a faraway （恍惚的） look in his eyes. Then, suddenly, he said, “We’ve got to close your department, Watson. But you’ll take over a new job in another department. It means longer hours—maybe more pay. Now get out. You’re here for life.”
Watson got out, with surprise in his face. Then the Boss took a letter from the top drawer of his desk. It was Herbie’s last letter from Riverside School —written a few days before he died. He had read it over and over again with sick pain. The letter read:
I can’t say the boys here are any nicer to me than the others were. I guess it’s the same everywhere when you’re a cripple (跛脚的人). But don’t worry about me, Dad. They’ve got a good chemistry department here. And there’s one boy here who is really great. He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry. The boys call him Champ. He made them stop throwing my books around. And he knocked a boy down who hit me. He is the best friend I ever had. Dad, when I grow up, I want to do something for Champ. Something big—that he won’t even know about.
Your son,
Herbie
56. The underlined word “drop” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ________.
A. fall                   B. close                        C. punish                      D. sell
57. It can be inferred from the text that Champ is_______.
A. Watson’ s son                                       B. Mr Smith’ s son
C. a teacher of Mr Smith’s son                           D. the son of Mr Smith’s friend
58. From the text we know that Herbie_______.
A. was a college student                    B. didn’t live to grow up
C. made friends with many boys                 D. died from a car accident
59. Watson was given a second chance because_______.
A. Mr Smith wanted to help Watson’s son
B. a man was needed in another department
C. Herbie told Mr Smith to do so in his letter
D. Mr Smith wanted to realize his son’s dream

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Weekend getaways and romantic dinners used to be sweet escapes from the daily working life. Nowadays, vacations are often interrupted by the ding of an instant message on a wireless laptop. That’s not news to modern workers, many of whom may just be getting back from a long winter break during which they worked more than in years past. One-fifth of Americans carry a laptop on vacation. Countless more carry cell phones, many of which can be used to check company e-mail.
And why not? With wireless coverage extending, staying connected is simple. Recently, JetBlue Airways announced a trial of free e-mail and instant messaging services for passengers on one of its aircraft. Other airlines are expected to follow suit. But there’s a hidden cost to companies: employee burnout. Using work cell phones and checking company e-mail at the poolside is not a vacation.
“If I were a manager, I would insist that my employees leave their cell phones at work during their vacation and not check their e-mail while away ,” said Dov Eden, an organizational psychologist. “In the long run, the employee will be better rested and better able to perform his or her job.”
A nine-year study of more than 12,000 middle-aged men at high risk of heart disease showed that participants who vacationed more had a lower risk of dying than the vacation-deprived(剥夺的). In a nationwide survey, nearly half of the 2,000 adults questioned said stress has increased in the past five years, with 75 percent ranking money and work as the leading causes of stress.
One way to beat work stress could be to work from home or another remote location. This alternative work arrangement is a win-win set-up. Telecommuting（远程办公）has an overall beneficial effect, because the arrangement provides employees with more control over how they do their work. Telecommuters reported more job satisfaction, less stress and improved work-family balance.
71. According to the first paragraph, Americans carry a cell phone or a laptop on vacation mainly to        .
A. entertain themselves                       B. keep in touch with their family
C. check company emails                           D. tell their managers about their experiences
72. What does the underlined phrase “employee burnout” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Employees become very angry.         B. Employees get extremely tired
C. Employees leave the company.        D. Employees demand a pay rise.
73. We can learn from the last paragraph that        .
A. companies have more control over telecommuters
B. telecommuting is good for both companies and employees
C. employees will work more slowly if they work at home
D. telecommuting can reduce the company’s stress
74. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. In the past, people on vacation were seldom interrupted by work.
B. Dov Eden agrees with JetBlue Airways’ announcement.
C. Many airlines have been providing their passengers with instant service.
D. Most people are under stress because they have no vacation to relax.
75. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to spend your holidays B. The modern vacation: fully wired, totally ruined
C. Modern life with cell phones D. Telecommuting-----a win-win set-up

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During the day, Mercer, is a hard-working dog , helping his owner and making sure she stays safe. But at night, the big, black dog slips out of the house, tries his paws at ice-skating, and even makes hot chocolate for himself .
Or at least that's what he does in Marvelous Mercer, a new book written by the dog's 12-year-old owner, Shea Megale. Shea has spinal muscular atrophy, a condition that makes her muscles very weak. She uses a motorized wheelchair. Mercer is an assistance dog that is specially trained to do many of the things Shea can't.
Shea is writing a series of six books about Mercer Marvelous mercer arrived in stores this fall, and the second book is due out early next year.
Cool Tricks
During his training, Mercer learned to carry out 60 different commands, Shea now uses them to tell Mercer what she needs as she goes about her day. “Under ”tells down. “Car” tells him to get into a vehicle.
Shea’s favorite command is “lap”, which tells Mercer to put his front paws across her lap. “I love that ”, Shea says .
At school, Mercer carries Shea’s backpack and helps her order her lunch in the dining room. During class, he stays under her desk in case she drops her pencil. At night, he pulls the covers up for her and turns out her bedroom light.
Leading a Paw
Shea and Mercer aren’t the only ones benefiting from their special relationship. “Thanks to the book series . We’re helping a lot more people now ,” Shea says.
Some of the books profits are going to help pay for research into the disease Shea is suffering from. Money from the books also will be used to train assistance dogs for U.S. soldiers who were injured in Iraq.
Despite all of the attention –and his star status success hasn’t gone to Mercer’s head. In fact , when WR News interviewed Shea, Mercer slept through the whole thing-most likely dreaming about his next adventure !
67．We know from the passage that Mercer is     .
A．Shea’s pet dog               B．an assistance dog helping Shea
C．a 12-year-old dog          D．a character Shea makes up in her book
68．According to the passage , Shea’s “Cool Tricks ”include the following EXCEPT    .
A．commanding Mercer to lie down           B．commanding Mercer to get into a car
C．telling Mercer to open her backpack
D．telling Mercer to put his front paws across her lap
69．The underlined expression “Lending a Paw ”is closest in meaning to “       ”
A．giving a helping hand                          B．acting as a guide
C．benefiting from friendship                   D．exploring adventures
70．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ?
A．Shea has written 6 books about Mercer
B．Mercer is glad to be the focus of attention
C．Mercer isn’t allowed in Shea’s classroom
D．Though disabled , Shea helps lots of people

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Funeral homes aren’t just for dead peopled . They’re for our passed–on pets too these days. Pet Angel Memorial Center in Carmel. Indiana, helps guide grieving （悲痛的）animal owners through a vast range of burial and menorial options . The staff of five, all former clients （顾客）, then carries out the owner’s wishes . Perhaps the most important service the center provides, though, is an understanding to cry on .
Owner Coleen Ellis started the country’s first pet funeral home there years ago after the death of her dog Mico. It was then that she discovered her veterinarian（兽医）, like most throughout the United States, put dead animals in garbage bags and stored them in a freezer for up to one week . A disposal company then picked up the bodies and took them to a landfill（废物埋填地）site.
Before opening Pet Anget Memorial Center, Ellis worked in human funeral homes for 15 years, helping guide families through the end of life process. Her work with pets, though, is unusual. Only a handful of animal funeral homes exist, most of which Ellis said she helped get started.
Honoring dead pets and honoring people are similar in many ways. The 1,200 square –foot memorial center, located outside of Indianapolis, offer a full line of memorial items . The lowest priced package starts at $ 230 and includes pick-up , as well as a keepsake（纪念品）paw print. Friends, family and surviving pets often accompany grieving owners.
The atmosphere is different from a human funeral home, where people stay their distance to give the grieving family privacy. At the center , pet owners mourn together . Often times , if two visitations are going on, the families will share stores about their dead loved ones. It’s a very good healing experience.
63．What made Coleen Ellis have the idea of a pet funeral home?
A．Her dream to become famous in the USA
B．The cruel way of dealing with dead pet animal
C．Her determination to change her job
D．Her wish to make friends with pet owners
64．What do human funeral homes and animal funeral homes have in common ?
a. They both have a memorial center.
b. They both provide memorial items.
c. They have the same atmosphere.
d. In both places grieving people are kept company by their friends
A．a.b.c               B．a. c. d.                    C． b. c. d.           D．a.b.d.
65．The underlined word“visitations ”in the last paragraph refer to “     ”.
A．animal funerals                     B．places of funerals
C．pet owners                            D．sad stories
66．What is the passage mainly about ?
A．Coleen Ellis’ life                  B．Human funeral homes.
C．Veterinarians and animals      D．Animal funeral homes

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