阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by young people）focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence．Theorieson the individual suggest that childrencriminal behavior before they were not sufficientlyfor previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others．Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromfamilies，the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes．The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents．All，however，are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates．For example，changes in the economy thatto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain．This results inamong youths and may inlead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also experiencedthese years．More families consist of one parent households or two working parents；，children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family．This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．Other noticeableof offensive acts includeexperience or failure in school，theavailability of drugs and alcohol，and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect．All these conditions tend to increase theof a child committing a criminal act，a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.
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完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of by individuals.
One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ___ ___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason to __ ___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females，thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.
In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the __ __ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.
In the second place it is observable, that __ __ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been as useless were __ __ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.
Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to __ __ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the __ __ species. Monkeys do not mind being _ __ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __ _ . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The competition of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more for the food or the of the adults.
Finally, another common of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ___ __ .A child will be stopped either by __ __ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be __ _ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __ ___, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.
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完形填空
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。
Our planet isn't in very good shape right now. The air is . The ocean is polluted. The problem we’re facing is really . It may seem like there’s so much we need to do, to make things right. And that’s the . We don’tneed to do more. we need to do less.
Let’s take a look at some of the we can use the power of LESS to save the planet.
Driving less, walking more. Not only will you be saving the environment, you’ll be saving your________as well.
Wanting less, appreciating more. Instead of wanting a big home you can’t afford, maybe you should live in a smaller home in a ________ expensive area.
Talking less, listening more. We usually spend most of our time ________ . And actually you would be ________ how much people never really hear each other at all. Think about how your life can be improved by ________people better.
Spend more ________ being mindful. We often ________ alot of time trying to do too many things ________ .We try to print a report and ________ on the phone at the same time. Doing this we run the ________of printing the wrong pages and saying the wrong thing.
Buy less things. The more things we ________ , the more resources we take from the planet. The more we buy, the larger that________ becomes. Buying new things isn’t really a bad thing. ________ is our desire to buy the newest and greatest each year or every few months that is dangerous. After all, that ________ thing has to go somewhere. And it’s probably in the landfill somewhere.
How can you use the ________ of LESS to help save the planet? I would love to hear your ideas.
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完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a reason, such as your job or your studies? perhaps you’re interested in the , films or music of a different country and you know it will help a lot to have a ________of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of ________ , but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They ________ an environment where you can practice under the ________ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ________ lives and learning a language takes ________ . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________ . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but knowing about it takes ________ .
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too ________ , ” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more ________ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ________ . And learning is good for the health of your brain too. I’ve also heard people ________ about the mistakes they make when ________ . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes ________ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never ________. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be ________ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ________ own language. Good luck!
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完形填空,请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, normally temporary, consequence of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any important relationship. In these cases, loneliness may both from the loss of a specific person or from dropping of social circles. The loss of a significant person in one's life will lead to a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the of others.
There are many different ways used to treat loneliness. The first step that most doctors to patients is treatment. Short term treatment typically over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During treatment, emphasis is put understanding the cause of the problem, thoroughly changing the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel . Some doctors also recommend group treatment a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system.
treatment is animal-assisted treatment. Studies and surveys indicate that the of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for with other pet owners. Results of a study also suggest that improper socialcognition (认知) offers the best chance of reducing loneliness.
, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the creative process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to remarkable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the with poet Emily Dickinson, and many musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals engaged in creative activities.
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完形填空
Air travel makes some people very nervous． The crowds，the noise and flying itself can cause_______．But there are classes people can take to help them_______the fear of flying．And there is_______training for service dogs that suffer the same problem．
Service dogs almost never______the side of the people they care for．You will see them working on buses，trains and other public_______systems．But the busy environment found at an airport can_______even the best trained working dog．
People with disabilities depend on their dogs．They want the animals to safely_______them through security areas．They also need the dogs to remain_______on duty on the airplane，even when the flying is not_______．This takes special_______．The Air Hollywood K9 Flight School is one place where such help can be found．
The school has a piece of equipment that provides the sights，sounds and even the feel of an airplane in flight． Dog trainers say_______training is based on a simple rule: preparation． Dogs need to be exposed gradually and_______to the environment，to loud noises，to sounds and other dogs so that when this experience happens to them on a daily basis，they're able to act in a way that they're used to acting and that they don't get_______．
Dog owners who_______the training at Air Hollywood K9 Flight School say they now feel much more at ease about future_______．Their dogs also seem ready for take off．
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请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸(卡)上将该项涂黑。
Today the scientific community is in almost total agreement that the earth’s climate is changing and that this represents a huge threat to the planet and to us. According to a survey, with only 69% accepting the earth is warming— only 1 in 4 Americans see global warming as a major threat, public opinion ________ the scientific conclusion.
Climate scientists and campaigners have long debated how to better communicate the message to nonexperts so that climate science can be ________ into action. According to Christopher Rapley, the usual tactic(策略) of climate experts to provide the public with information isn’t________ because “it does not address key potential causes.” We are all exposed to the evidence of climate change on an almost a daily basis. The information is almost ___________.
Then what’s wrong? _______our brains.
Daniel Gilbert mentioned our brains’ failure to accurately notice gradual change. Robert
Gifford also _________the point about our brains’ difficulty in grasping climate change because of limited cognition and social ______ with other people (“Why should we change if X won’t?”) “ A more powerful barrier is the ___________ of perceived （感知的）behavioral control; ‘I’ m only one person; what can I do ?’ is certainly a big one. For many, the first challenge will be in recognizing barriers _____ they can overcome them”
But for those of us who understand that climate change is a problem yet make little effort
to cut the number of overseas trips we make or the amount of meat we consume, neither the uncaring attitude nor denial really explains the _________between our actions and beliefs. Lertzman has come to the conclusion that the conflict between ________ both the planet and our way of life is too painful to bear. “When we don’t ________ the pain of that, that’s when we get ______and can’t move forward.” Lertzman refers to this ________ as “environmental melancholia(忧郁症),” and points out that there’s a lot to be said for providing a means______ acceptable to talk about.”
Rosemary Randall suggests that climate change is such a(n) __________ subject that it “can raise fears and anxieties that people feel have no_________ in polite conversation.”
Lertzman says the community has been slow to realize the value of psychology. Gifford says otherwise,________—“ climate change, and not mental health, is the biggest psychological problem”
Despite the pain, shame, difficulty in fully addressing climate change, both Lertzman and Gifford are still _______ about our ability to face up to the challenge. “There can’t be anything about the human mind that stops us struggling with these issues , given that so many people ______ are — maybe that’s what we should be focusing on instead.” says Lertzman.
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B
Data processing is a series of operations carried out on data on the purpose of getting information． ________．the information is the end or the output．The operations ________with different tools．Apart from a computer，the brain is ________ a data processing tool．Like a mini PC，the brain controls all bodily and mental________ ，as well as processes data．________apples and oranges differ in looks，feel，smell and taste，the brain can tell their differences．
There are three________ of processing data．In manual data processing，simple tools such as pencil are used．Electromechanical data one uses electrically operated machines．________ of the types of machines used are desk calculators and typewriters．Electronic data one uses computers processing data at a very high speed．
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Is the world really going mad? _____day I was sitting in a restaurant _____ a quick drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly_____ me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long _____ the whole room was _____ with smoke. I asked with an apology for_____ to open a window to stop myself _____!
Nowadays air pollution is something that hardly question any more. However, I still can’t walk down the street in any of the big cities without _____ that people are _____ the air pollution. It is time for the government departments of the world to introduce emission(废气排放) controls on all cars and _____ the public transport system(公共交通体系) to encourage people to _____ their cars at home. A friend of mine takes flying lesson each morning and it really makes him _____ when he climbs above the smog layer(烟雾) and looks down _____ it and thinks: “I’m breathing that!” This kind of _____ results from the bad management of resources. Waste things can _____ should, be treated properly. House building, road _____, and industrial development are all earthmoving(or earth-reducing) operations and can change the balances of _____ created over millions of years. I would like to _____serious studies done on all these main works before they are built. Also, there should be _____ national parks set up to keep the most beautiful parts of our countries in their natural _____.
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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。
A Japanese farmer bought a big foreign tractor to grow his corn and apples in northern Japan. The giant tractor __ _the waste land into fields at an amazing speed.___ __, he was troubled by the damage caused by raccoon dogs .Just when the sweet corn was ready to be____ __,it was ruined.
“I placed___ ___in several places around the fields,but ended up trapping a young raccoon dog. The mother stayed next to it,and didn’t_____ __when I approached. When I tried _____ ___ out to release the trap,the young raccoon dog bared its _____ ___and got really upset. It seems cruel,but I held its head down with my rubber boot _____ ____I released it from the trap. It didn’t run away,though. Right in front of ____ __, the mother started licking the young one’s ___ ____ leg. Seeing that, I felt committed an awful crime. “
“I_____ ____told them ‘Stop eating our corny But then I started leaving small piles of second rate corn around the ____ __of the fields. They’re not good enough to sell. The next morning when I went to the fields, they’d completely _____ __. But the raccoon dogs had caused ___ ___more damage at all. So at harvest time I decided to ____ ___using the traps and put out the corncobs without kernels .After that,__ ___ by the raccoon dogs stopped almost completely. So I figured that farmers suffer this sort of damage because they ___ _ _everything. After all,we,d turned what used to__ _ the raccoon dogs into fields. I worried that if I actually fed them,the raccoon dogs would even more __ _ ,but that didn’t happen.
I suppose you could say that my eyes were opened to the mysteries of nature. Anyway,I realized that nature didn’t work in the __ _ that most people thought.”
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In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.
The is that countries around the world have growing mountains of because
People are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we a throwaway society ? First of all, it is now easier to an object than to spend time and money to repair it. modern manufacturing and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and .
Another cause is our of disposable(一次性)products. As people we are always looking for to save time and make our lives easier. Companies thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also to the problem. We are buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To the amount of rubbish and to protect the , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. , this is not enough to solve(解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possession throwing them away.
We also need to rethink our attitudes about . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
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完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The is that countries around the world have growing mountains of because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to an object than to spend time and money to repair it. modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and .
Another cause is our of disposable (一次性的) products. As people, we are always looking for to save time and make our lives easier. Companies thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also to the problem. We are buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To the amount of rubbish and to protect the , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
A．face B．become C．observe D．change
A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．Advertising
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2000 a report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report was a result of a three-year .
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2020 is not a one. The world will be more _ _ because the population will continue to grow. The population could be_ 6 900 million, almost 2 450 million more than in 1995. More people would move into cities, especially cities in _ _ countries. Cities like Cairo and Jakarta probably would_ have 15 million by then.
Food production will _ , but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1995, _ most of the increase would be in countries that _ produce enough food for their people. Little increase is in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor farming ways are large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is as cities become larger and more houses are built. will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil. Many of the world’s _ _ could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. Energy will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2020 . But they only carried out the situation that_ today. By changing the situation, by_ the problems, the picture can be changed. There is _time for the nations of the world to work a plan of action. But they warned that_ too long making decisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.
A．learning B．project C．notice D．study
A．pleased B．pleasant C．safe D．blue
A．dangerous B．beautiful C．crowded D．terrible
A．no more than B．as many as C．as much as D．as large as
A．developing B．developed C．big D．mountainous
A．none B．each C．all D．neither
A．insist B．reduce C．increase D．continue
A．so B．but C．or D．however
A．already B．hardly C．partly D．never
A．wanted B．lacked C．found D．known
A．destroying B．protecting C．disturbing D．interrupting
A．saved B．lost C．discovered D．found
A．Air pollution B．Water pollution C．Some diseases D．All farmland
A．animals B．plants C．forests D．people
A．must be true B．will come true C．can't be true D．may be wrong
A．happens B．develops C．exists D．makes
A．settling B．working C．answering D．dealing
A．no B．still C．less D．plenty of
A．about B．in C．out D．for
A．working B．suggesting C．spending D．waiting
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Is the world really going mad? _____day I was sitting in a restaurant _____ a quick drink and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly _____ me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long _____ the whole room was _____ with smoke. I asked with an apology for _____ to open a window to stop myself _____!
Nowadays air pollution is something that hardly question any more. However, I still can’t walk down the street in any of the big cities without _____ that people are _____ the air pollution. It is time for the government departments of the world to introduce emission(废气排放) controls on all cars and _____ the public transport system(公共交通体系) to encourage people to _____ their cars at home. A friend of mine takes flying lesson each morning and it really makes him _____ when he climbs above the smog layer(烟雾) and looks down _____ it and thinks: “I’m breathing that!” This kind of _____ results from the bad management of resources. Waste things can _____ should, be treated properly. House building, road _____, and industrial development are all earthmoving(or earth-reducing) operations and can change the balances of _____ created over millions of years. I would like to _____serious studies done on all these main works before they are built. Also, there should be _____ national parks set up to keep the most beautiful parts of our countries in their natural _____.
A．The other B．Another C．Every D．Each
A．asking for B．drinking C．having D．buying
A．seemed B．struck C．sank D．showed
A．ago B．after C．before D．now
A．full B．filled C．crowed D．parked
A．promise B．help C．suggestion D．permission
A．standing B．sitting C．talking D．dying
A．thinking B．persuading C．deciding D．learning
A．suffering B．dying C．walking D．standing
A．increase B．reduce C．improve D．raise
A．wash B．repair C．drive D．leave
A．sick B．tired C．foolish D．excited
A．on B．at C．from D．for
A．discussion B．question C．pollution D．operation
A．but B．yet C．still D．and
A．work B．construction C．building D．setting
A．life B．mind C．human being D．plants
A．see B．start C．enjoy D．pay
A．few B．any C．more D．no
A．situation B．states C．soils D．Places
Giant pandas（熊猫） are beautiful black and white ______. They look like ______. They live only in _____. They are very ______ and peaceful. They like eating _____. They never eat meat. Baby giant pandas ______a lot of time drinking their mum’s milk---more than fourteen ____ a day! Mother giant pandas have only one ______two babies______ a time. When the babies are born, they ___little white mice. There are only about_____ giant pandas in the world now. Sadly it’s very ____for giant pandas to stay alive in the world. Their number is getting ___because their living places are becoming farmlands. If ____keep taking the land, giant pandas will have ___to live. Also, people ____ them for their fur(毛皮). If this _____, then there will be no giant pandas in the world. So, what action can we take? We should _____newspapers and magazines about the giant pandas in China. We should tell them about the _____for giant pandas. If more people know about these problems, then maybe they will do _____to help.
A．plants B．animals C．flowers D．trees
A．lions B．dogs C．bears D．monkeys
A．Russia B．Australia C．China D．India
A．noisy B．terrible C．active D．quiet
A．bananas B．carrots C．bamboo D．cabbages
A．cost B．afford C．spend D．pay
A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．mornings
A．or B．and C．but D．then
A．on B．in C．with D．at
A．look as B．look at C．look like D．look up
A．one billion B．one thousand C．one million D．millions of
A．Difficult B．comfortable C．terrific D．enjoyable
A．bigger B．smaller C．more D．fewer
A．scientists B．workers C．Travelers D．farmers
A．anywhere B．somewhere C．nowhere D．everywhere
A．protect B．feed C．help D．kill
A．solves B．disappears C．continues D．changes
A．write to B．write about C．write with D．write on
A．food B．problems C．lives D．environment
A．something B．nothing C．everything D．anything
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