Japan’s All Nippon Airways, which has asked passengers to visit the toilet before boarding to help the environment, said Tuesday it will fit its jets with a women-only lavatory（厕所）.
ANA will introduce one female-only toilet per aircraft on international flights next month after a survey of women fliers identified(确认) it was the second most attractive service they wished for after being offered desserts. The rest of the toilets onboard will be for men and women as usual.
“We received many comments that having a women-only lavatory would be a factor in differentiating our airline from others,” said an NAN spokesman.
“Many women said that they feel uncomfortable taking their time in the lavatory knowing that a male is waiting just behind them in line,” he said. The spokesman denied that the new service was introduced following complaints about men soiling(弄脏) the bathrooms, telling reporters: “Those opinions may exist, but we do not have that data on hand”.
Since 2006 ANA has pursued (开展) a one – month awareness campaign each year in which it asks fliers on 38 domestic flights and four international flights to visit the bathroom before boarding to reduce their body weight and therefore cut he plane’s carbon-dioxide emissions.
The airline is also planning to install “washlets” in it’s aircraft-electric toilet seats with water sprays for washing-a common sight in Japan and generally a source of amusement for first-time visitors and users.
The “washlets” will be installed in the Boeing777-300ER,due to begin operating in April, and the Boeing 787 fleet set to start flying this year. What is the most attractive service to women passengers according to a survey?
| A．women passengers can visit the toilet before boarding. |
| B．women passengers can get some desserts onboard. |
| C．women passengers can visit the toilet on boards free of charge. |
| D．women passengers can use women- only lavatory onboard. |
ANA will fit its jets with a women-only bathroom in order to .
| A．cut the plan’s carbon-dioxide emissions and protect our environment |
| B．show equality between men and women |
| C．save much time for women passengers |
| D．make their airline better than other airlines |
We can infer the underlined word “domestic” in the fifth paragraph means .
| A．commercial | B．military | C．internal | D．economical |
According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true?
| A．Female- only toilet can only be found on international flights. |
| B．Women will feel uncomfortable when they know a male is waiting at the toilet door. |
| C．The rest of the toilets on international flights will be for men only. |
| D．You will be curious about “washlets” when you first see it. |
What would be the best title of the passage?
| A．Women and men are equal on ANA’s flights. |
| B．Women- only lavatories will be installed on ANA’s flights. |
| C．Visiting the bathroom before boarding to protect environment. |
| D．ANA has pursued a one- month awareness campaign. |
An Italian couple are become the world’s oldest divorcees, after the 99—year—old husband found that his 96—year—old wife had an affair(婚外情) in the 1940s.
The Italian man, called by lawyers in the case as Antonio C, looking through an old drawer when he made the discovery a few days before Christmas.
In spite of the time that had passed since the affair, he was so upset that he immediately asked his wife of 77 years, named as Rosa C, whether it was true, and demanded a divorce.
Stricken by the guilt, she reportedly admitted everything but was unable to persuade her husband to reconsider his decision, though her children also did much more work.
She wrote letters to her lover during a secret affair in the 1940s, according to court papers released in Rome this week , which made people know the truth.
The couple are now preparing to split, though the marriage they built has lasted over nearly eight decades- they have five children, a dozen grandchildren and one great- grand child.
The discovery of the letters was the final problem for their marriage which had already run into difficulty- 10 years ago the husband briefly left their house in Rome and moved in with one of his sons, only to return a few weeks later.
The Italian thought the fierce split resulted from the couple’s southern blood- he is originally from Olbia in Sardinia, while his wife was born in Naples. The couple met during the 1930s when Antonio served as a young officer.
The case appears to set a new record, at least for the age of the oldest figures- the previous oldest couple to divorce were Bertie and Jessie Wood, both aged 98, from the UK.
That pair ended their 36- year marriage in 2009 when they were both two years away from their 100th birthdays. They got married in Elstree, Hertfordshire, in 1972 having both ended previous marriages, before moving to Falmouth, Cornwall four years later. Which is true according to the text?
| A．To find his wife’ affair, Antonio C looked through an old drawer. |
| B．Rosa C’ lover may be Bertie. |
| C．Rosa C admitted what she did because she was sorry for her guilt. |
| D．The Italian thought the fierce split resulted from the discovery of the letters. |
Which word can replace the underlined one in passage5?
| A．advertised | B．announced | C．concluded | D．expressed |
Which of the following best describe Antonio C?
| A．a childish man | B．a rude man |
| C．a romantic man | D．a stubborn（固执）man |
The marriage of Antonio C and Rosa C .
| A．may come to an end because the husband sticks to his decision |
| B．appears to set a new record |
| C．may have lasted over 36 years |
| D．began in the 1930s before both ending previous marriages |
This passage may come from .
| A．a text book | B．a newspaper |
| C．a history book | D．an advertisement |
Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are the same. Sometimes friends don't get along well, which doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away, then we feel very sad. We miss them much, but we can call them and write to them. Maybe we would never see them again, and we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places.
There's more good news for people, if they have friends. These people live longer than those people if those don't have friends. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares, if someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself. The first paragraph tells us __________.
| A．none needs friends |
| B．we always need friends around us |
| C．making friends is the need in people's life |
| D．we need to be alone |
Which of the following is what the writer doesn't say in the passage?
| A．People are happy when their friends leave them. |
| B．People may never see their friends after their friends move away. |
| C．People can know their friends in different ways. |
| D．People like their friends very much if they get to know them. |
Which of the following is the most probable place people name after friendly people?
| A．A house. | B．A room. | C．A library. | D．A village. |
If people have friends, they would live longer, because __________.
| A．they feel happier and healthier |
| B．they get a lot of help from their friends |
| C．they take better care of themselves |
| D．both A and C |
This passage tells us __________.
| A．that people are all friends |
| B．that people need friends |
| C．how to get to know friends |
| D．how to name a place |
Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instruments. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph
. People called him a dreamer.
One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time! The text is mainly about ________.
| A．a strange man |
| B．an unusual party |
| C．how the roller skating began |
| D．how people enjoyed themselves in the 18th century |
People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he _________.
| A．often gave others surprises | B．was a gifted musician |
| C．invented the roller skates | D．was full of imagination |
Merlin put wheels under his shoes in order to ________ .
| A．impress the party guests | B．arrive at the party sooner |
| C．test his invention | D．show his skill in walking on wheels |
What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
| A．The roller skates needed further improvement. |
| B．The party guests took Merlin for a fool. |
| C．Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. |
| D．Merlin got himself into trouble. |
The idea of skating______
| A．existed in 1750 | B． existed after 1750 |
| C．existed before 1750 | D． didn’t exist before 1750 |
High school graduation is indeed important for the person concerned. It is usually marked by a party where friends and family present the person with gifts as a celebration. Below are some good choices for those who will go to college.
You can buy a folding bike. It is a good choice for a high school graduate going to college who may not have room to store a traditional bike. He or she will love moving around the school. It can be easily folded and carried, which would be great for those who often trip back home on weekends. You can also buy a Walkman. It is not expensive. The person can enjoy music while walking, exercising or studying. It can help improve one’s mood.
College is an important time for a person’s career. Many high school graduates know little about the fields they will enter. So why not buy the person a book on what to expect in college life? That way the person would be fully prepared for college. Also he or she can tell something about it to his or her classmates. It is a reality that knowledge is something that cannot be taken away. Healthy food is a major issue in college. Some students have to put up with the bad-taste food in the college dining hall. A refrigerator which can keep food fresh is an excellent choice.
In short, there are so many you can choose from as high school graduation gifts. So what gift are you planning to give to the bright young person?Why is a folding bike a good gift?_______
| A．Because it is convenient and takes up little space. |
| B．Because it can help students save more time. |
| C．Because it is environmentally friendly and cheap. |
| D．Because it is much lighter than traditional bikes. |
How many great choices are mentioned in the text?________
| A．3. | B．4. | C．5. | D．6. |
Gifts for people who will go to college should be .
| A．useful | B．cheap | C．lovely | D．fashionable |
What’s the text mainly about?_________
| A．How to celebrate high school graduation. |
| B．How to make college life easy. |
| C．What a good gift means to high school graduates. |
| D．What to buy for people who will go to college. |
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填放空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A great life doesn’t happen by accident. It is the result of allocating (分配) your time, energy ,thoughts ,and hard work towards what you want your life to be . Stop setting yourself up for stress and failure, and start setting up your life to support success and ease. It is the result of using what you get in a creative and thoughtful way, instead of just what comes next .___76___.
S---Simplify. A great life is the result of simplifying your life. People often misinterpret what simplify means. It’s not a way to remove work from your life .__77__ . In order to create a great life , you will have to make room for it in yours first.
E---Effort. A great life is the result of your best effort. Creating it requires that you make some adjustments. It may mean re-evaluating how you spend your time ,or choosing to spend your money in a different way. Life will reward your best effort.
C---Create priorities.(首要事情).A great life is the result of creating priorities .It’s easy to spend your days just responding to the next thing that gets your attention, instead of intentionally using the time ,energy and money you have in a way that’s important to you .__78__.
R---Remove distractions. A great life is the result of removing distractions. __79__. Removing distractions can be a difficult concept to many people ,since they haven’t really considered that there is another way to live. Find ways to free up your mental energy for things that are more important to you.
T---Thoughts. __80___.Your belief in the outcome will directly determine how successful you are. Motivated people have specific goals and look for ways to achieve them. Believing there is a solution to the same old problems you encounter year after year is vitally important to creating a life that you love.
| A．When you focus on simplifying your life ,you free up energy and time for the work that you enjoy and the purpose for which you are here. |
| B．A great life is the result of having reserves ---reserves of things ,time, space ,energy and money. |
| C．Today ,right now , is the right day to start to take a step in the direction of your heart’s desires. |
| D．Up to 75% of your mental energy can be tied up in things that stop your concentrating. |
E. Now please use “secrets” to fit your own needs and style ,and start creating your own great life today.
F. A great life is the result of controlling your thoughts so that you accept and allow for the possibility that it actually can happen to you !
G. Focus on removing the obstacles that get in the way of you making sure you are honoring your priorities.
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on You.
Tickets Grown-ups：＄2.00
Children：Over 12 ＄1.00 Under 12 Free
Opening time:9:00 a.m.— 4:00 p.m. Except Friday 10:00 a.m. — 3 :00 p.m.
Keep the zoo clean！Do not touch，give food or go near the animals.How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage？
| A．Four | B．Five | C．Six | D．Seven |
Now Mr. Smith is in the zoo with his two sons, one aged 14 and the other 10, how much are the tickets together？
| A．$4.00 | B．$2.00 | C．$3.00 | D．$1.00 |
Which of the following is the visiting time？
| A．8:30 a.m. Monday | B．9:30 a.m. Friday | C．3:00 p.m. Sunday | D．5:00 p.m. Tuesday |
From the passage we can guess the animal “giraffe” must be very _______.
| A．fat | B．long | C．strong | D．tall |
Which of the following can we do in the zoo？
| A．To give some food to the dogs. | B．To touch the monkey on the head. |
| C．To throw things everywhere. | D．To take a few nice photos. |
Jerry was a manager in a restaurant.He was always in a good mood(脾气）and always had something positive to say.This really made me curious, so one day I asked him,"It's hard to be a positive person all of the time.How do you do it?'' Jerry replied ,"Each morning I wake up and sayto myself,"Jerry, you can choose to be in a good mood or a bad mood," and I choose to be in a good mood. Life is all about what you choose.And what you choose leads your life."Several years later,I heard that Jerry left the back door open one morning and was robbed(抢劫）.While trying to stop the thief ,he was shot. I went to see him in the hospital.When I asked him how he was,he replied,"If I were any better,I'd be twins." "Weren't you scared when you were in danger?"I asked."Yes. The doctors kept telling me that I was going to be fine, but in their eyes,I read."He's dead."I knew I needed to take action." "What did you do?" "Well.there was a big nurse asking me if I was allergic(过敏的）to anything."Yes,'I replied ."Bullets(子弹）!Everyone laughed and I told them: I am choosing to live. Operate on me as if I am alive." Jerry lived thanks to the great doctors ,and also because of his amazing attitude(态度）.Attitude ,after all ,is everything.What kind of person was Jerry?
| A．He was serious. | B．He was helpful. |
| C．He was allergic. | D．He was happy and smart. |
When Jerry met difficulties in life,how did he deal with them?
| A．He faced them positively. | B．He talked to the writer about them. |
| C．He asked others to help him. | D．He tried to stop thinking about them |
What does the underlined word "curious" mean in Chinese?
| A．敏感的 | B．好奇的 | C．开心的 | D．有趣的 |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Jerry was the writer's manager. | B．Jerry was not afraid of dead at all. |
| C．Jerry was nearly dead after he was shot. | D．Jerry didn't believe doctors. |
What is the best title(题目）for this passage?
| A．Action Matters | B．Brave Jerry Beat the Thief |
| C．Attitude Is Everything | D．Jerry ,a Great Man |
Recipients（接受者）of this year's Annenberg scholarships were announced on June 19. Brittany Blythe was one of them.
In seventh grade，Brittany Blythe dreamed of being a cheerleader（啦啦队队员）. Her school’s coaches were less than enthusiastic. “They said. ‘I don't know how you’ll be able to do it’. ”she recalls. “‘You won’t be able to do it’.”
But Brittany，now a junior at Strath Haven High School near Philadelphia，refused to give up. And when the junior school cheerleaders won a tournament last year, she was right there，dancing and cheering with the rest of the team.
Not bad for someone whose legs were cut off below the knee when she was two years old.
Brittany,18,was born without shinbones(胫骨）—“just blood and muscle tissue，”as she puts it. When she tried to walk, her legs twisted.
After the operation, she adapted quickly. “From day one，I basically jumped up and wanted to do everything,’’ she says. Prostheses(假肢)allowed her to move around upright. But too slowly to keep up with her friends. Brittany’s solution was to take the legs off and walk on her knees something she still does when safety and comfort permit.
She has been rarely discouraged. Other children laughed at her through the years，especially in junior high school，but she says the challenge only made her stronger. Now she’s trying to convince her coaches to let her remove the prostheses and be a flyer. The cheerleader who's thrown in the air and caught by her teammates.
Brittany doesn’t think her problems put her at a disadvantage. “My disability was the first thing I had to get through., and that’s going to prepare me for the future. ”she says. “It’s all just a test：If someone throws you a difficult problem，what are you going to do?” What was the coaches’ first attitude towards Brittany's dream?
| A．Supportive | B．Enthusiastic | C．Optimistic | D．Doubtful |
What was Brittany’s reaction after the operation?
| A．She abandoned herself to self-pity. |
| B．She refused to use the prostheses. |
| C．She accepted the result and tried to get used to it. |
| D．She challenged the children who laughed at her. |
What does Brittany want to achieve at the moment?
| A．To stop others’laughing at her. |
| B．To prove her coaches wrong. |
| C．To remove her prostheses. |
| D．To be a flyer. |
We can learn from the last paragraph that Brittany _________.
| A．doesn’t think she is better than others |
| B．is not well prepared for the future |
| C．takes a positive attitude towards life |
| D．likes the challenge of learning new things |
. What's the best title for the text?
| A．A new leg，a new life | B．A new cheerleader, a new record |
| C．Passing the test | D．Seeking advantages |
It is a matter of common observation that although money income keeps going up over the years, we never seem to become richer. Prices are rising continuously. This condition is what we call inflation: the money supply is becoming inflated so that each unit of it becomes less valuable. We have got used to higher and higher rates of inflation in recent years. What could be bought twenty years ago for one pound now costs well over 2 pounds. And at present this rate of inflation seems to be rising rather than falling. If in the real world our money incomes go up at the same rate as prices do. One might think that inflation doesn’t matter. But it does ------.When money is losing value it also loses one of the qualities of a good money—stability of value. It is no longer acceptable as a store of value; and it becomes an unsuitable means of delayed payment. Nobody wants to hold a wasting possession, so people try to get rid of money as quickly as possible. Inflation therefore simply stimulates（刺激）our spending and discourages saving.From the passage we can know that inflation is a situation in which________.
| A．everyone’s incomes rise |
| B．money will hold its value |
| C．we can watch our money grow |
| D．money constantly loses its value |
．In the writer’s view, if incomes and prices rise at the same rate, ________.
| A．inflation maybe still be a problem |
| B．we have nothing to worry about |
| C．inflation is no longer a problem |
| D．we will become richer and richer |
．Under inflation people are likely to ________.
| A．go to the bank more often than usual |
| B．save more money since their incomes rise |
| C．spend money quickly rather than to save it |
| D．keep money at home instead of going to banks |
．We can conclude according to the passage that ________.
| A．the writer is a government official |
| B．the writer is worried about inflation |
| C．the writer encourages people to spend money |
| D．the writer has become richer because of inflation |
. Which of the following words is omitted at the end of the underlined sentence “But it does”?
| A．matter, | B．goes. | C．rises | D．fall |
My newly-rented small apartment was far away from the centre of London and it was becoming essential for me to find a job, so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the underground. They were looking for guards, not drivers. This suited me. I couldn’t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T.S. Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company. I’d be a subway guard. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis（危机）. Obviously I’d be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges — those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.
The next day I sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after about half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about fifty candidates. The interviewer sat at a desk. Candidates were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.
I can remember the questions now: “Why did you leave your last job?” “Why did you leave your job before that?” “And the one before that?” I can’t recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. His closing statement, I thought, revealed（显示） a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. “You’ve failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”
Failing to get that job was my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such jobs — being a postman is another one I still desire — demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. But I was still far short of full self-understanding. I was also short of cash.．The writer applied for the job chiefly because _________.
| A．he wanted to work in the centre of London |
| B．he could no longer afford to live without one |
| C．he was not interested in any other available job |
| D．he had received some suitable training |
．The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because _________.
| A．he often traveled underground | B．he had written many poems |
| C．he could deal with difficult situations | D．he had worked in a company |
．The length of his interview meant that _________.
| A．he was not going to be offered the job |
| B．he had not done well in the intelligence test |
| C．he did not like the interviewer at all |
| D．he had little work experience to talk about |
．What does the writer realize now that he did not realize then?
| A．How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be. |
| B．How difficult it is to be a poet. |
| C．How unsuitable he was for the job. |
| D．How badly he did in the interview. |
．What’s the writer’s opinion of the psychologist?
| A．He was very aggressive（有进取心的）. | B．He was unhappy with his job. |
| C．He was quite inefficient. | D．He was rather unsympathetic. |
I paid a visit to Cambridge last January. Though the trip took me 5 hours and it rained the whole day with strong winds there, the town deserved a visit.
The bus started at 6:10 a. m. It stopped at 4 airports before we finally arrived，which wasted more time than we expected. Tired with long sitting，one passenger stood up to relax his numbed legs. The driver asked him to sit down but in vain. So he pulled up and said seriously, “Either you get off or sit down.” To him, safety is the first policy.
Cambridge consists of over thirty colleges. The oldest part of the university was built in the 13th century while the newest was founded in the mid 1960s.The number of the students is so great that many students live in lodgings（出租房）and move into college for their final year.
Cambridge is called a university town because there is no clear separation between the university buildings and the rest of the city. The university is not just one part of the town；it is all over the town. The heart of Cambridge has shops，pubs，and supermarkets，but most of it is university-colleges，departments，libraries，clubs and other places for university staff and students. Students fill the shops，cafes，banks and churches，making these as well part of the university.
With over 10,000 undergraduates and postgraduates, the town is a busy place indeed. Students here are not allowed to keep cars. If you happen to be walking in the street during a break，better stop a moment to avoid the boiling sea of bicycles hurrying in all directions，carrying students from one college or lecture room to another.The writer believed that the trip took more time because of________
| A．bad weather | B．unexpected stops of the bus |
| C．one passenger | D．an accident on the way |
Why is Cambridge called a university town？
| A．It has 10，000 undergraduates and postgraduates. |
| B．There are over thirty colleges in the town. |
| C．All the students and staff live in the town. |
| D．The university and town are fully combined. |
It can be inferred that most Cambridge students take _______as their first means of transport.
| A．boats | B．cars | C．bicycles | D．buses |
A
The nervous-looking young man had waited for a few moments outside the jeweler's shop before he got enough courage to enter．He was warmly greeted by a young assistant. James felt a rush blood to his face as he explained he would bring in his future wife to choose a birthday present．The assistant listened carefully and told him he'd better buy a necklace. He wasn't used to buying jewelry and was a little worried about overspending. After some discussion as to reasonable price and type（类型）, the assistant showed him dozens of necklaces and helped him to choose. At last James chose one and left the shop promising to return at five o'clock. When, half an hour later, James did return to the shop with his future wife, Laura, the assistant acted as if she had never seen him before. When she was asked to show them some necklaces, she first brought out some inexpensive ones for them to choose and then gave them the one she had prepared. A choice was soon made and they went away, satisfied. James would certainly come back to buy what he wanted when he got married.A good title（题目）for this passage is ________.
| A．A Clever Assistant | B．Buying a Birthday Present |
| C．How to Choose a Necklace | D．A Brave Young Man |
Why did the young man look nervous?
| A．Because he had never bought jewelry before. |
| B．Because he would get married. |
| C．Because he didn’t have enough money to buy a satisfying present. |
| D．Because he feared he would be laughed at by shop assistants. |
The word "overspending" in this passage means ________.
| A．spending too much money |
| B．spending too much time |
| C．spending more time than be planned |
| D．spending too much time and too much money |
When James told the assistant why he wanted to buy a present, his
face________.
| A．turned pale | B．turned black | C．turned yellow | D．turned red |
James would come back to buy what he wanted because ________.
| A．the necklace was good |
| B．Laura liked the necklace |
| C．the assistant knew how to satisfy the people who came to buy things |
| D．the assistant who served James was very beautiful |
How is it that siblings （兄弟姐妹） can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family． The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later． The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival． The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too． One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father．
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918． But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives． Dr． Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings． The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents． But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development． Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”．
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially． Love-hate relationships were common among the children． Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs．
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age． Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third． Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters． A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents． In terms of language development, later-borns ________．
| A．get their parents’ individual guidance |
| B．learn a lot from their elder siblings |
| C．experience a lot of difficulties |
| D．pick up words more quickly |
What was found about fights among siblings?
| A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing． |
| B．Siblings in some families fought frequently． |
| C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships． |
| D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights． |
The word “feminine” （in Para． 4） means “_______”．
| A．having qualities of parents |
| B．having qualities of women |
| C．having defensive qualities |
| D．having extraordinary qualities |
Finally, a cell phone
That’s… a phone
With rates as low as $3．75 per week ！
“Well, I finally did it． I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone． My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help． But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind． The phones all have cameras, computers and a “global-positioning” something or other that’s supposed to spot me from space． Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store weren’t much help． They couldn’t understand why someone wouldn’t want a phone the size of a postage stamp． And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive… and the contract （合同）lasted for two years! I’d almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone． Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch with a phone I can actually use． ”
Affordable plans that I can understand---and no contract to sign （签订）！ Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense． Why should I pay for minutes I’m never going to use? And if I do talk more than I plan，I won’t find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone． Best of all, there is no contract to sign, so I’m not locked in for years at a time． The US-based customer service is second to none． And the phone gets service anywhere in the country．
| Monthly Minutes |
50 |
100 |
| Monthly Rate |
$14．99 |
$19．99 |
| 911 Access |
FREE |
FREE |
| Long Distance Calls |
No additional charge |
No additional charge |
| Friendly Return Policy |
30 days |
30 days |
Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order． Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don’t love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box． If you aren’t as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back． Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions．
Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www.jitlerbugdirect． com．What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?
| A．Being stuck by the highway． |
| B．Being urged by his grandkids． |
| C．Being persuaded by cell phone salespersons． |
| D．Being attracted by the friendly return policy． |
On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about_______．
| A．$3．75 | B．$4．99 | C．$14．99 | D．$19．99 |
An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _______．
| A．its discount price with a free gift |
| B．its reasonable rate plans without a contract |
| C．its "global-positioning" system with 911 access |
| D．its good customer service all over the world |
The main purpose of the passage is to _______．
| A．tell a customer’s story of Jitterbug |
| B．provide two ways to order Jitterbug |
| C．give a brief introduction of Jitterbug |
| D．attract potential customers to Jitterbug． |
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