A land free from destruction，plus wealth，natural resources，and labor supply--all these were important______in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution．______they were not enough．Something______was needed to start the industrial process．That“something special”was men--______individuals who could invent machines，find new______of power，and establish business organizations to reshape society．
The men who______the machines of the Industrial Revolution______from many backgrounds and many occupations．Many of them were______inventors than scientists．A man who is a______scientist is primarily interested in doing his research______．He is not necessarily working______that his findings can be used．
An inventor or one interested in applied science is______trying to make something that has a concrete use．He may try to solve a problem by______the theories ______science or by experimenting through trial and error．______of his method，he is working to obtain a______result：the construction of a harvesting machine，the burning of a light bulb，or one of many other objectives．
Most of the people who______the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors，not trained scientists．A few were both scientists and inventors．Even those who had_____or no training in science might not have made their inventions_____a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years_____．
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The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two ______ systems on the whole.
The ______ of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated by rivers. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River _____ the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own _____. Then in Dang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture _____ went overseas to Japan, _____ into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same ______.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was ______ on the Mesopotamian Plain ---- the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known ______ the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also ______ waters. When the colonists(殖民者) of England _____ in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't _______ from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the difference of the language systems _______ the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference counts as well. But what’s more, ______ the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no _____ with the other.
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完形填空,阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Do you know insurance? Buying insurance is a ________ by which people can protect themselves ________ large losses. Protection against fire is one kind of insurance. Large numbers of people pay ________ sums of money to an insurance company. Although thousands of people have paid for fire insurance, only ________ will lose their homes by fire. The insurance company will pay for these homes out or the sums of money it has ________.
The first modern fire insurance company was ________ in London, England in 1666. A great fire had just ________ most of the city, and people wanted protection against ________ losses. The first company________ rapidly. Soon other companies were founded in other areas.
Benjamin Franklin helped form the first fire insurance company in America in 1752. He also ________ a new kind of insurance for ________ . The new insurance would offer protection against the loss of crops ________ storms.
In 1795, Benjamin Franklin helped start ________ new insurance company in America. This company, ________ offered life insurance, collected some money ________ from many different men. ________ a man died, his family was given a large sum of money. Today, this company is ________ in business.
Over the years, people have ________ from many new kinds of insurance when they have suffered from ________ accidents as car and plane crashes.________, almost everyone has some kind of insurance.
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The eyes are one of the most expressive of body language．Keith，seventeen，from Montclair， New Jersey，learned the hard way about one the eyes can make．“I had a teacher who heavily on classroom discussion，”Keith says．“He seemed to have a strong to know just when I didn’t have the answer．I couldn’t how he could be so ．Then it dawned on(逐渐被人明白)me． I didn’t know the answer，I would looking at him．When I did know what to say，I always stared straight back him．From that moment on，I myself to look him in the eye， I knew the answer or not．That trick has me a lot of trouble．”
Many people， some policemen，believe eye contact is a good of testing honesty．If someone can’t look at you directly in the eye，then he or she is not playing ，they insist．After many experiments， ，a number of exports have found out that good liars can make false eye contact．
Eye contact，though not a sure of dishonesty, is a clear way to show interest in another person．When a person looks at you and continues to do so，you know his attention is on you．When he turns his head away， his mind is probably ．But there is ．A shy person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact，no matter how interested he is in the other person．And certain nationalities，such as the British and Germans，are much oriented(适应)to eyeball-to-eyeball contact than，say，the French and the Arabs．
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Early Native American groups lived in different cultural areas. Their environments had resources. Each group made particular products or developed certain skills, besed on their own As they perfected their skills, exciting began to happen. For the first time in their history, they had more things than they
They wouldn’t let their products go to , of course. When Native American groups began to communicate with each other, they began to things they wanted or needed. The they traded goods and services without using any form of money was called bartering. Thanks to bartering, people began to enjoy a better of life. To barter with others meant that work became much . No one group had to work as hard to make or find everything they needed for survival.
Native American groups would often travel long distances for the chance to with each other. In between trading times, they would or collect extra products. They kept them especially for the purpose of bartering with other native groups at their trade meetings.
Another of trading between cultural areas was that people could enjoy products that were to make with the resources in their own . For example, people from the Desert Southwest area tools made from whalebone(鲸须). There was no whalebone available in the . However they could get it from the natives living in the Pacific Northwest area.
Some people use bartering today to get things the need. You might to do the dishes for your brother if he will take you to the movies. Especially in hard economic people return to this way of getting things they need.
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Personally I think trains are exciting and romantic. I must that trains are not important means of transportation in the US, but I do have some with them.
When I was a child, growing up in a small town with very little , we used to go to the station to watch the passenger trains coming in. There was something about the steaming, roaring string of cars coming into view around the mountains, slowly growing larger and and finally crowds of strangers onto the platform.
I took my train trip when I was ten years old. I went with my elder sister to visit our cousins six hundred miles away. The train—so loud and violent on the outside—was and rocking inside. We were very excited, and as that was also our first time away from our parents, we felt somewhat frightened too. However, because I had so much, I was a little disappointed when I was finally one of the passengers I had for so long.
As a college student, I ride overnight train to my roommate’s hometown. We could never afford a , so we played cards, sang, ate, read and talked we finally fell uncomfortably asleep in the straight-backed seats.
My idea that trains are may come from the fact that my husband and I took the train on our honeymoon, spending extra money to eat in the dining car, and the window as the desert scenery slid past.
Now, when I make a trip, I always fly or drive, and are not a very important part of my life. , every time I hear the train whistle faraway on a quiet night, I can always feel the in my heart to pack my bags and jump on board, entering a world of motions, sounds, sights, and experience which just aren’t in the dull environment of an airplane.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Joy to the World
Lights, decorations and Christmas trees filled the stores. Many people were there because Christmas was only two days away.
Thirteen-year-old Joy had just her Christmas shopping. She knew her parents, grandparents so well that finding them was a piece of cake.
Joy went out of the store and came across her classmate, Nick, the least student in school because he wore strange clothing and he had a face only a mother could love.
“What are you doing for Christmas?” said Nick with a smile that showed all his yellow teeth.
“I’m opening presents and having dinner with my ,” said Joy, trying to be polite. “What about you?”
“My parents are away,” he said. “I live with my uncle, who doesn’t like me very much.”
Joy wasn’t sure how to , so she said goodbye with an awkward smile. She felt sorry for Nick since he must feel . But that wasn’t really her problem.
On Christmas Eve, Joy’s family were busy around for the holiday. Joy’s parents were cooking in the kitchen. Joy was a child for holiday cheer, dancing the house.
After dinner, the family into their car and headed to church for the Christmas Eve service. When they walked into the old building, they were by the flow of beautiful songs. A man stood up with Bible and the story Joy had learned on her mother’s knee. It was about a baby named Jesus who came to live on Earth to help people who him.
Joy’s thoughts kept turning back to Nick. It must be to be lonely on Christmas, a day that celebrated God’s Son coming to Earth. Tears started to run down her , but she brushed them away.
Joy lay awake that night everyone else was sleeping like a baby. She was thinking ways to help Nick. As soon as she heard parents get up, she out of bed. She found them in the kitchen and told them about Nick. Then she asked, “Can we him over today?” “Sure,” said her mother, who was always happy when came. Her father smiled.
When Joy called Nick later that day, he was excited. After getting his uncle’s , he joined them for dinner. To her surprise, Joy enjoyed spending time with him.
Joy came to understand Christmas cheer is a joy to Nick, even to the whole world.
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完形填空
When most people travel， they pick up all sorts of things: souvenirs， T-shirts， postcards and so on． However， Harry Loomer is ．When he travels， he leaves something behind， something of lasting value — his ．
Harry began donating blood at a college blood drive four decades ago． Since then， he has donated his blood ．Not once or twice a year， but every 56 days — as often as the law ．Even though he is now retired and .extensively， it has not slowed him down at all．
For people who need blood，Harry is a/an ．Since up to four people can _ from a single pint of blood， Harry Loomer， with a donation of 480 pints of blood， has played a big role in helping save hundreds of lives．
Connie Smith also gives blood regularly． She knows that donating blood requires little work and almost no while helping to save a life．“People need to know how vital it is to have blood on hand，” she says．“There is absolutely no for it．”
Connie is participating in a Red Cross programme designed to pair closely _ donors with people who need blood regularly because of long-term ．She is paired with a child who needs a pint of blood every two weeks．To ensure an adequate _ for this young patient，Connie and another donor donate their blood every 56 days．
“It’s not always ，” Connie admits，“but it’s more than worth it to know that I’m helping that precious child． I’m sure if other people know how vital blood donations are，they would be to sacrifice too．”
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Americans prefer to try every way to have fun. For example, they drive their own cars, some even tow a small boat after vehicle. They start from Los Angeles, California under sun, ____ through four or five hundred miles to go to La Fulin, Colorado to spend weekends ____ Chinese people are still busy with work, and have dinner at home together with families on weekends or ____ time watching TV.
The difference is mainly due to cultural customs and traditions ____ the two countries. It is said that Chinese people are living for others, while Americans are for ____.When Chinese people come to the United States, they fight for ____ first, and then desperately make money after they are recognized by others. It seems that, the purpose to earn money is not to enjoy life, __47__ for their following generations: sons and daughters and even grandchildren. Chinese people prefer to save money ___ emergency' such as illness. Although Chinese people with ____ in the United States don't need to worry about their own social welfare and health insurance, they work still very hard, ____ they hope that they can save more money.
Chinese people's interest is in the amount on the passbook, so they spend ____ money usually. Most of Chinese are very thrifty, and they are ____ to spend money, but there are exceptions. They are willing to spend money on their ____. Many Chinese people think that, they endure many ____, so they wish that their children could live much better. Therefore, in the United States elementary schools, you can see that those who ____the best, with more pocket money are Chinese students. In contrast, American children dress very simply, with just a little pocket money.
____ Chinese, Americans believe in living for themselves. They do everything for their own. ____, they earn money to enjoy a ____ life, and pursue a higher quality of life. As for their own parents or children, they think that parents have their own pension and social welfare, and children should live a(n) ____ life when they are 18 years old. So they could boldly spend money on themselves. ___, Americans save little money. In the street, it is easy for Chinese to take out 300－400 dollars, but it is hard to say for Americans.
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完形填空
Do you know how many languages there are in the world? There are about 1500, but many of them are not considered very ________ . English is considered one of most important languages because many people ________ it, not only in England and America, ________ in other countries of the world. About 200,000,000 speak it ________ their own language, and another 230,000,000 use it as ________ language. It is ________ to say how many people are learning it. ________ Boys and girls in schools are trying to do so.
Many ________ children study French. French is also a very important language, ________children study German, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.
Which is the best ________ to learn a language? We know that we all learnt ________ language well when we were ________ . If we learn a second language in the ________ way, it may not seem so difficult. What does a small child do? It ________ what people say, and it tries to guess what it hears. When it wants something, it has to ________ it. It is using the language, ________ and talking in it all of the time. If people use a second language ________ they will learn it ________ .
In school, you learn to read, to write ,to hear and to ________ .It is best to learn all new words through the ________ . You can read them, spell them and speak them later.
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Eventually all suns will their fuel, explode and then become cold and dark．Matter itself will disappear and the universe will become for the rest of time．
This was the general drift of my thoughts as my wife and I my eldest son as a freshman at college．That moment at the dorm is at the kindergarten door, at the gates of summer camp, at every occasion of parting and ．But it comes surprising, taking what you most．
Our ancestors thought this parting should take place ．In many societies adolescents were sent away to live with friends or relatives right after adolescence．This was supposed to the conflicts that come from teenagers and their parents very near．
Eighteen years is not enough．The days pass uncounted, until they ．The adjustment is upsetting．My son is on the side --- observant, thoughtful, a practitioner of companionable silence．I know this is hard on him as well．He will be homesick．Among the greatest of college students is they won’t have a room at home to return to．
But with due respect to my son’s feelings, I have the of parting．I know something he doesn’t --- incomprehensible to the young．He is experiencing the that come with beginnings．His life is starting for real．I have begun the long letting go．Put another way: He has a wonderful future in which my part decreases．
I’m sure my father realized it at a(n) moment．And I certainly didn’t notice or understand．At first, he was a giant who held my hand and my sky．Then a middle-aged man who paid my bills．Now, decades after his passing, a much-loved ．But I can remember the last time I hugged him in his home, where I always had a room．I can only hope to leave my son the same．
My son, those days have been the greatest wonder and of my life．And there will always be a for you．
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B
The eyes are one of the most expressive of body language．Keith，seventeen，from Montclair， New Jersey，learned the hard way about one the eyes can make．“I had a teacher who heavily on classroom discussion，”Keith says．“He seemed to have a strong to know just when I didn’t have the answer．I couldn’t how he could be so .Then it dawned on(逐渐被人明白)me． I didn’t know the answer，I would looking at him．When I did know what to say，I always stared straight back him. From that moment on，I myself to look him in the eye， I knew the aniswe or not．That trick has me a lot of trouble．”
Many people， some policemen，believe eye contact is a good of testing honesty．If someone can’t look at you directly in the eye，then he or she is not playing ，they insist. After many experiments， ，a number of exports have found out that good liars can make false eye contact．
Eye contact，though not a sure of dishonesty, is a clear way to show interest in another person. When a person looks at you and continues to do so，you know his attention is on you．When he turns his head away， his mind is probably ．But there is ．A shy person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact， no matter how interested he is in the other person．And certain nationalities，such as the British and Germans，are much oriented(适应)to eyeball-to-eyeball contact than，say，the French and the Arabs．
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完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a ________reason, such as your job or your studies? ________ perhaps you’re interested in the ________, films or music of a different country and you know it will help a lot to have a ________ of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of ________, but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They ________ an environment where you can practice under the ________ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ________ lives and learning a language takes ________ . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________ . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but knowing about it takes ________ .
Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too ________, ” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more ________ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ________ . And learning is good for the health of your brain too. I’ve also heard people ________ about the mistakes they make when ________ . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes ________ you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never ________ . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be ________ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ________ own language. Good luck!
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There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness”. It combines and ____ the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life ____. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are ____.
The database(数据库) makes it ____ that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. It is a cliche(陈词滥调) to say that money ____ buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be ____ by research. Many people still stick to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably ____.
Studies have been ____ on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the initial joy had ____， people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they ____ to return to the way they felt before they became rich.____ contented people continue to be contented，____ those who were miserable in the past sink back into misery.
If material wealth does not bring happiness, then ____ does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with ____ you live. The authorities at the World Database of Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different ____. Apparently, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.
Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. Family relationships，____， seem to be the key to long－term contentment. The Web site suggests that ____ in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness.
Nowadays people look to ____ as an alternative source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet ____ spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site's research is ____， time spent with your family is a better investment than time spent making money.
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阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The eyes are one of the most expressive instruments of body language. Keith, seventeen, from Montclair New Jersey, learned the hard way about one____the eyes can make. “I had a____who graded（打分）heavily on classroom discussion，”Keith says. “He seemed to have a strong ability to know just when I didn't have the____. I couldn't figure out how he could be so____. Then it dawned on(明白过来)me. ____I didn't know the answer, I would avoid looking at him. When I__46__know what to say, I always____straight back at him. From that moment on, I____myself to look at him in the eye，____I knew the work or not. That trick has saved me a lot of trouble.”
Many people including some policemen, believe eye contact(接触)is a good____of honesty. If someone can't look at you directly in the eye, then he or she is not playing____， they insist. After many experiments，____， a number of experts have found out that good liars(骗子)can make false eye contact.
Eye contact, though not a____sign of honesty, is a clear way to show interest in another person. When a person looks at you and____to do so, you know his____is placed on you. When he turns his head away, his mind is probably____. ____there are exceptions. A____person may have trouble making and keeping eye contact, no matter how interested he is in the other person. And certain____, such as the British and Germans, are much____oriented(适应)to eyeballtoeyeball contact than the French and Arabs.
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