高中英语试题

PRACTITIONERS

ㅤJacqueline Felice de Almania （c.1322）highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced.Born to a Jewish family in Florence，she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully.In spite of the court hearing testimonials（证明） of her ability as a doctor，she was banned from medicine.

ㅤTan Yunxian （1461–1554）was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents.Chinese women at the time could not serve aprenticeships（学徒期） with doctors.However，Tan passed the official exam.Tan treated women from all walks of life.In 1511，Tan wrote a book，Sayings of a Female Doctor，describing her life as a physician.

ㅤJames Barry（c.1789–1865）was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but，dressed as a man，she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine.She qualified as a surgeon in 1813，then joined the British Army，serving overseas.Barry retired in 1859，having practiced her entire medial profession living and working as a man.

ㅤRebecca Lee Crumpler（1831–1895）worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860.Four years later，she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.She moved to Virginia in 1865，where she provided medical care to freed slaves.

（1）What did Jacqueline and James have in common？ ＿＿＿＿＿

A．	Doing teaching jobs.
B．	Being hired as physicians.
C．	Performing surgery.
D．	Being banned from medicine.

（2）How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners？ ＿＿＿＿＿

A．	She wrote a book.
B．	She went through trials.
C．	She worked as a dentist.
D．	She had formal education.

（3）Who was the first African American with a medical degree？ ＿＿＿＿＿

A．	Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B．	Tan Yunxian.
C．	James Barry.
D．	Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：

（1）人物简介及事迹；

（2）意义或启示。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）题目已为你写好。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（ \）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I used to afraid of insects ，but last Friday's biology class make a big change in me.In that class ，Miss Zhao，our biology teacher，showed we insects on stamps.The bees，butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.Miss Zhao told us the names of the insects or described their living habits.She even played some recordings of their singing，what was fun.Now，I've come to love those of small living things.In the evening，when I take the walk in the school garden，the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.

For thousands of years，people have told fables （寓言）（1）　 　（teach） a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well﹣known Aesop's fables date to the（2）　 　（six） century B.C.Yet，the form of the fable still has values today，（3）　 　 Rachel Carson says in " A Fable for Tomorrow. "

Carson uses a simple，direct style common to fable.In fact，her style and tone （口吻） are seemingly directed at children. "There was once a town in the heart of America，（4）　 　all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，" her fable begins，（5）　 　（borrow） some familiar words from many age ﹣ old fables.Behind the simple style，however，is a serious message （6）　 　（intend） for everyone.

（7）　 　（difference） from traditional fables，Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility（8）　 　saving their environment.

The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson's theme is a more weighty（9）　 　（warn） about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still （10）　 　（employ） today to draw attention to important truths.

Many years ago，I bought a house in the Garfagnana，where we still go every summer. The first time we（1）　 　 there，we heard the chug chug﹣chug of a motorbike（2）　 　 its way down the hill toward us. It was（3）　 　 called Mario，coming to（4）　 　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice（5）　 　 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes，we were（6）　 　 because they were so misshapen：not at all like the nice，round，（7）　 　things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy，in a funny old bottle with no label（标签） on it. These can't be any （8）　 　 we thought. But we were （9）　 　his kindness，so we （10）　 　 them.

What we discovered is that it's（11）　 　to judge what you eat only by its （12）　 　.Those tomatoes had （13）　 　 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays super﹣market tomatoes （14）　 　 perfect but taste of water. Nobody's going to have a （15）　 　 memory of those. It's a surprise they haven't managed to grow square ones so that they can （16）　 　 them easily. Mario's wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle，but it was （17）　 　.

ㅤIt's good to eat things at the correct time，when they're （18）　 　 and as close as possible to where they were （19）　 　.What Mario had （20）　 　 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.

（1）

A．

waited

B．

met

C．

camped

D．

stayed

（2）

A．

making

B．

searching

C．

squeezing

D．

feeling

（3）

A．

customer

B．

neighbor

C．

relative

D．

passenger

（4）

A．

lend

B．

send

C．

bring

D．

show

（5）

A．

choice

B．

comment

C．

promise

D．

gesture

（6）

A．

worried

B．

moved

C．

thrilled

D．

bored

（7）

A．

simple

B．

real

C．

shiny

D．

fun

（8）

A．

more

B．

good

C．

new

D．

easy

（9）

A．

sympathetic to

B．

thankful for

C．

cautious about

D．

interested in

（10）

A．

tried

B．

sold

C．

returned

D．

mixed

（11）

A．

unnecessary

B．

uncertain

C．

unwise

D．

unusual

（12）

A．

appearance

B．

quality

C．

origin

D．

price

（13）

A．

size

B．

shape

C．

color

D．

taste

（14）

A．

smell

B．

look

C．

become

D．

work

（15）

A．

happy

B．

vivid

C．

short

D．

vague

（16）

A．

clean

B．

check

C．

count

D．

pack

（17）

A．

perfect

B．

useful

C．

convenient

D．

familiar

（18）

A．

on view

B．

on sale

C．

in season

D．

in need

（19）

A．

finished

B．

stored

C．

found

D．

grown

（20）

A．

cooked

B．

given

C．

bought

D．

told

Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person

ㅤHere's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer（1）　 　.

ㅤIn the Digital Age，we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However，research suggests that if we practiced patience，we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks.

ㅤ●Practice gratitude（感激）

ㅤThankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic.（2）　 　. " Showing thankfulness can foster self control，" said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California.

ㅤ●Make yourself wait

ㅤInstant gratification（ 满足） may seem like the most " feel good" option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. （3）　 　 .Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.

ㅤ●（4）　 　

ㅤSo many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself， "（5）　 　. " You'll then gradually become more patient.

A．	Find your causes
B．	Start with small tasks
C．	Accept the uncomfortable
D．	All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．	It can also help us practice more patience
F．	This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable
G．	They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience

ㅤGrizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche﹣we revere（敬畏） them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same：a grizzly bear.

ㅤ"Grizzly bears are re﹣occupying large areas of their former range，" says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more，they're interestingly being sighted by humans.

ㅤThe western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came，with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s，after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers，600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975，grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.

ㅤToday，there are about 2 ，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies，which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now，grizzlies remain listed.

ㅤObviously，if precautions（ 预防） aren't taken，grizzlies can become troublesome ，sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites，grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away."Our hope is to have a clean，attractant﹣free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，" says James Jonkel，longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.

（1）How do Americans look at grizzlies？ 　 　

A．	They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．	They should be kept in national parks.
C．	They are of high scientific value.
D．	They are a symbol of American culture.

（2）What has helped the increase of the grizzly population？ 　 　

A．	The European settlers' behavior.
B．	The expansion of bears' range.
C．	The protection by law since 1975.
D．	The support of Native Americans.

（3）What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de﹣listing grizzlies？ 　 　

A．	The opposition of conservation groups.
B．	The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．	The voice of the biologists.
D．	The local farmers' advocates.

（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ 　 　

A．	Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．	People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．	A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．	Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.

ㅤI was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World.It was full of ideas that were new to me，so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy（哲学）.

ㅤThat love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault，Baudrillard，or Confucius better than you ﹣ and then try to explain them.

ㅤEric Weiner's The Socrates Express：In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation，but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.

ㅤWeiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context（ 背景） of one thing they can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates，see like Thoreau，listen like Schopenhauer，and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This，more than a book about understanding philosophy ，is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.

ㅤHe makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history，and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding（ 解读） their messages and adding his own interpretation.

ㅤThe Socrates Express is a fun，sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire，loneliness，and aging.The invitation is clear：Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It's worth your time，even if time is something we don't have a lot of.

（1）Who opened the door to philosophy for the author？ 　 　

A．	Foucault.
B．	Erie Weiner.
C．	Jostein Gaarder
D．	A college teacher.

（2）Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4？ 　 　

A．	To compare Weiner with them.
B．	To give examples of great works.
C．	To praise their writing skills.
D．	To help readers understand Weiners book.

（3）What does the author like about The Socrates Express？ 　 　

A．	Its views on history are well﹣presented.
B．	Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．	It includes comments from readers.
D．	It leaves an open ending.

（4）What does the author think of Weiner's book？ 　 　

A．	Objective and plain.
B．	Daring and ambitious.
C．	Serious and hard to follow.
D．	Humorous and straightforward.

Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY（do﹣it﹣yourself）.Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture ，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.

She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six ，Terri，now 26 ，accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day's work was rewarded with£ 5 in pocket money.She says："I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with，painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work ，but I know he was proud of my skills. "

Terri，who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth，South West London，says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy（租期） comes to an end.She adds ：" I've moved house many times and I always like to personalize my room and put up pictures.So，it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out."

With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be around £823.Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge.

（1）Which is closest in meaning to" a dab hand" in paragraph 1？ 　 　

A．	An artist.
B．	A winner.
C．	A specialist.
D．	A pioneer.

（2）Why did Terri's grandfather give her£ 5 a day？ 　 　

A．	For a birthday gift.
B．	As a treat for her work.
C．	To support her DIY projects.
D．	To encourage her to take up a hobby.

（3）How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented？ 　 　

A．	By making it look like before.
B．	By furnishing it herself.
C．	By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D．	By canceling the rental agreement.

（4）What trend in DIY does the research show？ 　 　

A．	It is becoming more costly.
B．	It is getting more time﹣consuming.
C．	It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D．	It is gaining popularity among females.

Where to Eat in Bangkok

ㅤBangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers.It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.

Nahm

ㅤOffering Thai fine dining.Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary （烹饪的） experiences.It's the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word's 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London﹣based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.

Issaya Siamese Club

ㅤIssaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef lan Kittichai's first flagship Bangkok restaurant.The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.

Bo.Lan

ㅤBo.Lan has been making waves in Bangkok's culinary sence since it opened in 2009.Serving hard﹣to﹣find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere，the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine's roots，yet still manages to add a special twist.This place is good for a candle﹣lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food.For those extremely hungry，there's a large set menu.

Gaggan

ㅤEarning first place on the lates "Asia's 50 best restaurants" list，progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues（场所） to arrive in Bangkok in recent years.The best table in this two﹣story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen，where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action.Culinary theater at its best.

（1）What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common？ 　 　

A．	They adopt modern cooking methods.
B．	They have branches in London.
C．	They have top ﹣ class chefs.
D．	They are based in hotels.

（2）Which restaurant offers a large set menu？ 　 　

A．	Gaggan.
B．	Bo.Lan.
C．	Issaya Siamese Club.
D．	Nahm.

（3）What is special about Gaggan？ 　 　

A．	It hires staff from India.
B．	It puts on a play every day.
C．	It serves hard﹣to﹣find local dishes.
D．	It shows the cooking process to guests.

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以"绿色北京"为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：

（1）活动形式；

（2）活动内容。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

Yours，

Li Hua

Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world，whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.

Habits are built through learning and repetition.A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues（刺激）with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.Over time，thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered（触发）by these cues.

A "habit loop（环）" is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits.These elements are called the cue，the routine，and the reward.For example，stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating，which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress.While a routine involves repeated behaviour，it's not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge，as a habit is.

Old habits can be difficult to shake，and healthy habits are often harder to develop.But through repetition，it's possible to form new habits.The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors，including the individual and the intended behaviour.While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks.it takes many months to build a healthy habit.Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them（or don't）.Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change，including how the change reflects your values.

（1）How are habits built？ 　 　

（2）In what way is a routine different from a habit？ 　 　

（3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why. 　

　

Picking up a new habit takes a few weeks，while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.

（4）What benefit（s） have you got from one of your good habits？（In about 40 words） 　

　

It's a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.（1）　 　

When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education，they're often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.（2）　 　

Emerging research suggests that courses in lower﹣ranked universities，on average，scored higher on teaching than courses in higher﹣ranked universities.（3）　 　The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high﹣quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.

Rankings，however，are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don't view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrollment（注册）or funding.（4） Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching，the lower their salary. What is the result？Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures，which lead to lower success rates.

（5）　 　Nevertheless，not much will change until schools with high﹣quality teaching are rewarded with more resources，higher rankings and increased enrollments. In the long term，universities，organisations that rank schools，and others should work to make teaching a valued，core part of the mission.

What should students and their families do？They should give strong consideration to universities where high﹣quality teaching is valued，even though the schools may be ranked lower.

A．	Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B．	Therefore，it's not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C．	Quality teaching has been an important reputation﹣building factor.
D．	However，the rankings ignore a critical factor：the quality of teaching.
E．	Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．	They're even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．	In fact，universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.

What is life？Like most great questions，this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple：we know of just one type of life and it's challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life﹣called ALife for short﹣is the systematic attempt to spell out life's fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners，so﹣called ALifers，think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.

So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism，such as declarations of the field's doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith，a complexity scientist，is tired of such complaints. Asking about "the point" of ALife might be，well，missing the point entirely，he says. "The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything." Alan says. "Some people ask me，'So what's the worth of artificial life？'Do you ever think，'What is the worth of your grandmother？'"

As much as many ALifers hate emphasising their research's applications，the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamoured by a concept called open﹣ended evolution（演化）.This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity，to be a sort of "novelty generator". The only system known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life's endless "creativity" in some virtunl model，those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.

Compared with the developments of Al，advances in ALife are harder to recognise. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept﹣﹣life itself﹣is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn't help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse，ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled（混乱的）progression is a striking parallel（平行线） to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.

Undefined and uncontrolled，ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be，of course，that these characteristics aren't in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps，just like life itself throughout the universe，the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.

（1）Regarding Alan Smith's defence of ALife，the author is 　 　

A．	supportive
B．	puzzled
C．	unconcerned
D．	doubtful

（2）What does the word "enamoured" underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean？ 　 　

A．	Shocked.
B．	Protected.
C．	Attracted.
D．	Challenged.

（3）What can we learn from this passage？ 　 　

A．	ALife holds the key to human future.
B．	ALife and AI share a common feature.
C．	AI mirrors the developments of ALife.
D．	AI speeds up the process of human evolution.

（4）Which would be the best title for the passage？ 　 　

A．	Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out？
B．	Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve，Too？
C．	Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day？
D．	Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve，Too？

In recent years，researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short﹣termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer﹣term causes and consequences leads to some of the world's most serious problems：climate change，biodiversity collapse，and more.The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where "only the present exists，a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now".

It has been proved that people have a bias（偏向） towards the present，focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health，well﹣being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business，this bias surfaces as short﹣sighted decisions. And on slow﹣burning problems like climate change，it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices（牺牲） today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead，all that matters is next quarter's profit，or satisfying some other near﹣term desires.

These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say，though，that our psychological biases play a major role. People's hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example，but there are others. One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance，you might hear someone say："It's cold this winter，so I needn't worry about global warming." Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance，making people ignore longer﹣term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than，say，gradual biodiversity decline.

As a psychologist once joked，if aliens（外星人）wanted to weaken humanity，they wouldn't send ships；they would invent climate change. Indeed，when it comes to environmental transformations，we can develop a form of collective "poor memory"，and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today，for example，can remember a time with insect﹣covered car windscreens after long drives. Children，on the other hand，have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.

（1）The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to 　 　.

A．	draw a comparison
B．	introduce a topic
C．	evaluate a statement
D．	highlight a problem

（2）What can be inferred from the last paragraph？ 　 　

A．	Climate change has been forgotten.
B．	Lessons of history are highly valued.
C．	The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D．	Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.

（3）What does the author intend to tell us？ 　 　

A．	Far﹣sighted thinking matters to humans.
B．	Humans tend to make long﹣term sacrifices.
C．	Current policies facilitate future decision﹣making.
D．	Bias towards the present helps reduce near﹣term desires.