Next time you hold a book in your hands， stop and think． Like most other things in the modern world， it is the result of thousands of years of human invention．
First， came the invention of writing，（1） （probable） about 5500year ago． With writing， people did not have to remember everything in their heads． They could communicate with people that they never（2） （see） and share their knowledge with future generations．
Later， the Greeks were well﹣done for their literature（文学） and science， but their "books" looked very different（3） the books of today． They were called scrolls（卷轴）．
They were different to use and took a lot of space in a library．About 2，000years ago， books with lots of pages （4） （invent）．
For more than a thousand years， the pages of books were made from animal skin． That changed in （5） thirteenth century， when Europeans learned about a very（6） （use） Chinese invention ： paper．
But the biggest change for books in Europe came in 1439， when Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press． Before that， books in Europe were copied by hand， so they were very expensive． Many more people could afford the books（7） were produced on a printing press．
These days it is difficult（8） （imagine） a world without books． But human invention does not stop． Every year， more（9） （story） are bought as e﹣books and read on a screen．
Will anyone turn the pages of a traditional book in the future，（10） will books， like scrolls soon disappear？
so and for picture famous |
Dear David，
How's it going？ I'd like to tell you about my travel experiences．
Last month， I went to Chengdu （1） my vacation with my parents． Chengdu is in Sichuan， in the southwest of China． It's （2） for its beautiful mountains， forests and lakes． Many people go there to enjoy their vacation every year． We had a five﹣day trip and took many （3） ． We saw pandas and monkeys． They were （4） cute that we couldn't help watching them．
We had an exciting trip! I felt tired but happy． Please e﹣mail me soon （5） about your vacation．
Lily was a single mother who lived with her little son． She lost her job two years ago and hey lived （1） very hard life． Her heart was （2） （break） every time her son asked， "Can I have some more bread， Mommy？"
One day， （3） her son asked the same question again， she bought some food with her only 5dollars and cooked a big meal for him at home． Lily was a shy mother， but she was strong﹣minded． She used to love writing， so she decided （4） （write） some articles for magazines to make money．
Things went （5） （well） than before． Thanks to some free （6） （vegetable） provided by the local food bank， her son had more to eat． Once he told Lily that the dishes she made （7） （be）very delicious． Suddenly， an idea came to Lily's mind，" （8） not share my recipes（食谱） on the Internet？" She did so． Many people liked her recipes and she became popular．
Soon after that， Lily wrote a book on （9） （cook） and got much money from it． Finally， she had a good sleep for the （10） （one）night during the two years． Now Lily lives happily， but she'll never forget the days when she worked hard for a good life．
David Smith is a student， and one of his（1） （hobby） is writing．During the summer of 2010，he （2） （spend） four weeks at a summer camp． As well as the usual activities，there was a writing（3） （class）．"The teacher was a writer，and she asked us to（4） （talk） about our lives and tell interesting stories． Then she encouraged（5） （we） to write about our experiences at the camp．"
Back at school， David wrote a story about（6） （冠词） life of a sixteen﹣year﹣old boy，and（7） （successful） it came out as a book in 2012． Many young people love his book，and（8） （介词） a result． David has become a popular young writer．
Writing has brought David pleasure and success．（9） （连词） it is not his only hobby．He is also interested in many other things．"I like（10） （play） volleyball too，"says David．
A few years ago， I was eating dinner with my children before we went to a museum． We were
talking（1） （愉快地） when a man walked up to me and asked if I had a（2） dollars to give him． I replied that I didn't even have one coin on me． Of course， my kids stood up and said： "Yes， you do， mommy．" I was a little embarrassed because I felt as if they （3） _ （抓住）me not telling the truth． Normally， I don' t carry lots of money in my（4） ． Instead， I pay with my bank card every where I go．
So I told the man I could （5）u my bank card to buy him something to eat． His disappointing（6） （表情） quickly changed into a smile． Then I went to get him some kinds of food． He thanked me when I （7）h him a bag of food． After he left． I had a talk（8） my children： "Usually， I don't always like giving money to everyone who asks for it． （9）H ，I am not against meeting the needs of others as （10）l as I have it． "I felt good knowing that the man had a nice meal that evening．
If you've ever stayed up late and then gotten up early the next day， you know what it's like not to get enough sleep． It's very uncomfortable feeling． In fact， for many years scientists （1） （believe） that sleep is like food ﹣ if we don't get enough of it， we might get sick or even die． But now they （2） （start）to wonder just how much sleep we need．
Researchers at Imperial College London did a study on fruit flies（果蝇）． They found that flies that slept for very short periods of time ﹣ about72 minutes a day ﹣still（3） （live） about as long as flies that slept for normal amounts of time． One of the female slept for just 4 minutes each day on average． This has led the researchers to wonder if sleep is less necessary than we previously thought．
Humans are very different from fruit flies． Sleep（4） （help） repair tissue （组织） when our bodies perform a lot of maintenance （维护）． Sleeping allows our bodies（5） （get） well again from the stress we experience each day．
But can we really die from not seeping？ No humans have died so far from （6） （stay） awake for too long． The current（现在的）world record for sleeplessness （7） （hold） by Randy Gardner from the US， who stayed awake for 11 days and 25 minutes in 1964．
Scientist have not yet found any animals that don't sleep at all． Even animals that only seep for short periods are not completely sleepless．
Two simple words "thank you" have made a big difference to thousands of fireman in New York City．
Savannah is girl form Texas．"I was trying to think I could help them out，"she says．After hearing about sacrifices（牺牲） made by fireman，she （move） by the risks they face， Savannah made 200 thank﹣you cards for them．"I want to show how much I care about them．"
"I told the fireman thank you，"Savannah recalls．"They're always there to help you．"
Savannah decided （keep） making cards．For the next seven months，she woke up early to paint and color and cut．In that time，she （send） 1,600cards with bite﹣sized candy while meeting her （hero）．Soon，fire station started thanking her．
Once too shy to give a speech at school， is now easy for Savannah to speak regularly to fireman and school students．She is quite different what she used to be．
"She's saying how （thank） she is for them!" Savannah's mom，Debbie，says，"Savannah sees that stepping put and doing something can really make a difference．"
On April 21，the Olympic flame（火焰）was lit at the Temple of Hera in southern Greece．This （95） （意味着）the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in August is coming close．
The flame was first lit at the 1928 games in Amsterdam．So far，about 90 years has passed and the flame has traveled around the world，reaching Mount Everest and even outer
（96） /speis/．
The Olympic flame stands （97） the positive ideas that man has always connected with fire．It is also a （98） /bridʒ/between the ancicnt and modem Olympic Cames．
It is a tradition to pass the flame around （99） the start of the Olympic Games．This is called the torch relay．For the Rio Olympics，there will be about 12，000 torchbearers （火炬手）during the relay．The special thing is，for the first time in （100） /'histri/，a Syrian refugee（叙利亚难民）was among the torchbearers who passed the torch in Greece．It wanted to show a message：sports can （101） the world better．There are also some Chinese faces that you may know，for example，Chinese （102） （男演员）Yang Yang who just finished passing the flame in Creece．
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，
必要时进行词形变化（可添加助动词或者情态动词），填入空白处．
attend， return， set， wake， know， educate， eat， sleep， not do， study， ask |
Parents are the first teachers of their children． Many people in Beijing return to school only because they have become parents．
Ding Rong， a teacher from the Fourth Middle School of Beijing， said．"Many parents either love their children too much or behave badly to them． They（1） litttle about home education and thus make mistakes， Because of this situation， parents' schools are badly needed．
"I （2） to school next month， and it will help me treat my children in a better way， "said Xiao Chengjun， a 40﹣year﹣old woman worker． "I decided to do it when I（3） the question．Do you really know your child？
One pupil complained in a composition that his father always left so much smoke in the living room that he（4） his homework there． Another wrote that his father often played mahjong（打麻将） at night while he（5） The noise always（6） him up．
"It's the father's fault not to educate his son himself， "is an old saying． "But it is also the father's fault if he （7） his son a bad example， " said Zhen Yan．
A parent said，I（8） in the parents' school for one year． After（9） the school， I know more about my child and she also understands me more．"
Do you think your parents know how（10） you properly？ Do you want them to enter parents schools？
Will Johnson has worked his way up the list of most popular stars in his country． In fact， it is not surprising that Will is so successful if we know about his early life． Some valuable lessons he learnt as a child have strongly influenced him（1） his later life． One of them was from his father（2） was strict with him and his brother．
Once， Will and his brother Harry （3） given a job to rebuild a broken brick（砖） wall in the yard． The wall was fifty feet（4） and around sixteen feet high． The boys had to mix concrete（水泥） and place only one brick at a time． They didn't know why their father gave them（5） a huge job． （6） ，with the attitude（态度） of "one brick more"， both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in（7） period of six months． Each time they were about to give up， their father （8） them up patiently． Both brothers were so sad about the job at（9） ， but after completing the task， they felt a sense of pride， and so did their father． Even today when Will thinks that he won't be able to do something， he will look back to this experience and keep telling（10） ，"one brick at a time"．
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空．（共1小题，每小题0分）
22．In a small house outside London lives an old man． People often see him look （1） his flowers in his garden all the time．
One day， a young painter （2） （go） by the old man's house． He looked at the nice garden and the special room， picturing how happy he would be if he lived in such a（2） （beauty） place． Suddenly he found the old gardener（4） （terrible） blind． Shocked， he walked to the old man and asked， "Why are you taking care of the flowers every day which you can't see in fact？" The old man smiled， "I can tell you four reasons． First， I was （5） gardener when I was young and I really love this job． Second， although I can't see these flowers， I can touch them． Third， I can smell the sweetness of them． As to the last， it's you．"
"Me？ But you don't know me．" answered the painter， still puzzled．
"Yeah， it's true that I don't know you．（6） I know flowers are gifts which everyone loves． And the beauty of my garden will get many people into a good mood．" answered the old man．
The words of the gardener warm me with （7） （please）． He looked after the flowers （8） （make） others enjoy the warm sunshine in spring． He can't see the beautiful flowers he planted， just like Beethoven， who can't hear his wonderful music （9） ．
The old man is alone but not lonely． All of his flowers are his friends and neighbors． They （10） （grow） in his heart． I believe that he can hear the voice of them．
come， fun， visit， hardly， yourself， not， fall off， advice， from， important
Dear Molly
I Just got your letter with the picture of you riding your bike．
From the smile on your face． I can tell how much （1） you are having． I still remember when you could（2） ride a tricycle（儿童三轮自行车）．You've（3） a long way!
Now here's some （4） ． I' m sure you're a good rider． But you will （5） that bike now and then． So please get （6） a helmet（头盔）． Wear it every time you ride．A helmet will help protect you （7） a head injury． Wearing a helmet when you ride a bike is as （8） as wearing your seat bell when you ride in a car!
No，I'm（9） trying to be a bossy know﹣it﹣all． I just don't want a bad fall to wipe that smile off your face． When you come（10） this summer， bring your bike and your helmet．
We'll take some great rides together!
Your cousin，
Vera
Cell phones are very useful and they are great fun．But cell phones do have risks．If you have one，it's
（66） （必须的） to understand these risks，and learn how to enjoy your phone safely．Sending messages can be one of the most wonderful（67）w to keep in touch with your friends．But some people can also send rude messages．Do not（68） if you receive them．I （69） ，save the messages and show them to your teachers or parents．If you receive a message saying that you （70）w in a big prize，don't believe it．
Sending pictures from a cell phone is（71） （免费的），fast and fun．But make sure you send only pictures that you wouldn't mind other people（72） （看见）．And you may have an accident if you try to use your cell phone while crossing the（73） ．It's dangerous because there are many cars and buses．
With your parents'help，you can keep your cell phone's（74） ．You won't have to worry about receiving rubbish calls or messages!Remember not to talk on the cell phone too often or too long．Turn （75） your cell phone when you sleep．The sounds of rubbish messages may wake you up．
Da Mao and Er Shun are two pandas that have lived in Canada since 2014． They were going to stay there until 2023． However， they will be taken to China（1） （early） than planned．
They are now living in the Calgary Zoo in Canada． （2） May 12， the zoo said that it was going to send the two pandas back to China． This is because the zoo can't get enough bamboo for （3） （they）， Global News reported．
Because of COVID﹣19 travel restrictions （限制）， it has become more challenging for the zoo to get bamboo． According to the zoo， （4） adult panda eats around 40kg of bamboo a day．
As I entered an international high school all my friends felt surprised at my short hair．This is because， my old school thinks teenage y（1） aren't the time for looking pretty． Then I coloured my hair blue． For the first time， I felt free and beautiful． This international school s（2） to meet my needs．
I had a t（3） education background． I went to public schools， received normal （常规的）education and was required to follow r（4） like every other student． Later， I began to wonder
w（5） this education was truly suitable for me．
However， in the new school my high hopes were not met． For a while， I found myself in a surprising
situation as I faced before．It was s（6） the biggest challenge I faced in my education﹣the freedom to try new things．In the old system，I was strongly advised a（7） trying new things． But in my new school，it worked the opposite way﹣we had many chances to try new things．But if I f（8） ， I must be responsible （负责任的） because I put myself in such risk． Finally， it led me to get into trouble again．
As time went by， I started to find my o（9） balance．In fact，none of the education systems in the world are perfect． I am l （10） enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together． As a result， I've built a system for myself．
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