初中英语教育文化类阅读填空题

Though times have changed， falling asleep in class is still a common occurrence（常事）among teenagers．

    Why do students sometimes fall asleep in class？ An obvious reason is lack of sleep． However， there are also causes for getting too little sleep．

Homework is a daily occurrence for most students， one that can take three

to four hours per night． A teenager who wants to be able to take part in

any activity besides homework must stay up late to fit everything in． Club

activities， sports， computer﹣game playing， and TV viewing，for example，all contribute to （促成） teens having less time for both homework and sleep．Sometimes teens lack sleep because of after﹣school jobs that are taken on to earn extra money for college， family expenses， or simply for clothes．

    Physical problems are another factor that can cause students to fall alseep in class． For example，

insomnia， which may keep a student up at night， causing exhaustion（疲惫不堪）during class hours，

is a serious problem that may require medical attention． Medical evidence also supports the idea that each person has a body clock that helps to decide his or her sleep pattern． Unluckily， these body clocks do not always work according to school timetables．

    The effects of falling asleep in class can be quite serious． First of all， sleeping in class is not a good way to endear（使受喜爱） yourself to teachers． In addition， it is highly possible that other students may make jokes about those who sleep in class． However， the most harmful effect of sleeping in class is missing out on important points． In the long run， sleepers may end up failing classes．

    Since teens are probably not going to deal with the problem， falling asleep in class will probably remain an all﹣too﹣common occurrence． It will continue until more teens find a way to balance their personal and social lives with school and work， while still finding enough time to sleep．

Introduction	Times have changed，（1）　　falling asleep in class is still quite common．
Causes	Lack of sleep ◆To （2）　　doing their homework， students may have to work three to four hours every night． ◆To （3）　　homework with activities， students may stay up late． ◆To spare time for after﹣school jobs， students may not have （4）　　time to sleep． Physical problems ◆Insomnia may （5）　　students falling asleep at night． ◆Students' body clocks do not always （6）　　their school timetables．
Effects	◆Students sleeping in class may not be （7）　　by their teachers． ◆Students who sleep in class run the （8）　　of being laughed at． ◆Students who sleep too much in class may miss out on important knowledge and （9）　　in their study．
Conclusion	The problem will not be （10）　　until teenagers can manage their lives， deal with their school and work， and then still have time to sleep．

Complain（抱怨） Politely

    Not everything goes the way you want it to． You may go to a restaurant and order a nice meal． But your order is wrong or not cooked properly． You may buy a product that breaks the next day． （1）　　However， if you speak angrily to people， they will become defensive（自卫的）． Then they are less likely to help you． A more effective （有效的） way to get what you want is to stay calm．

    Use polite language and a friendly tone of voice． Start with phrases such as， "I'm sorry to bother you， but…"or "Excuse me， but could you…？" For example， "I'm sorry to bother you， but I ordered potato soup， not vegetable．" Phrasing your complaint as a question also helps． （2）　　"Could you help me？ I just bought this phone case yesterday， but it's cracked．"

    （3）　　There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them． Use the phrase， "I know this isn't your fault， but…" or "There has been a misunderstanding．" （4）_____　Blaming people isn't as important as getting a problem fixed!

    There are honest mistakes， but at times someone may try to take advantage of you． In that case， don't say "Hey! You're trying to cheat me!" Instead， use the phrase， "I understood that…" For example， "I understood that the service charge was included in the price．" Then give the person a chance to answer．

    If you don't get what you want with polite conversation， ask to speak to a manager or supervisor． （5）　　

A． When trying to correct a problem， don't blame（责备） the person you're talking to．

B． People like to be asked rather than told!

C． But usually， you'll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation．

D． These kinds of experiences make you want to complain．

E． These phrases let people know you are only angry at the situation．

You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many， many centuries． The spelling of English has always been a problem， but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary． In those days people spelt words in different ways which you might find interesting． But it made reading English much more difficult． So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same． In fact， an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the time of the Qing Dynasty．

    The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary， or OED for short． The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857． Twenty﹣two years later， Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary．

    Murray had not been to college． At the age of fourteen， he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank． Later he became a great teacher． After Oxford gave him the job， Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work． Part of it was one metre underground． In winter he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm． Every morning， Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast． Often he would work by candle light into the evening．

    Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years． But after five years， he was still adding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray， and his two daughters were among them． He worked on the dictionary until he was very old． Forty﹣four years later， in 1928， other editors finished it． It had more than 15，000words in twelve books． And you thought your English dictionary was big!

Notes on James Murray's life
Murray's early life	Born in Scotland． He left school at 14and became a（1）　　 worker， later a great teacher．
Murray's work on OED	He became the editor of OED in the year（2）　　． His working（3）　　were bad： ﹣he worked in a part﹣underground place in the garden（4）　　 his house ﹣in winter it was terribly cold there ﹣he often worked by candle light into the evening The time he spent on OED was much（5）　　than expected． Later others and his two daughters（6）　　him．
Other information．	OED was finished in the year 1928． It had over 15，000（7）　　in twelve books． It is the（8）　　dictionary in the world． Thanks to it， people can （9）　　 in the same way． For Murray， working on a dictionary wasn't only a （10）　　； it was a wonderful journey．

A good book can be satisfying， can improve your knowledge and can teach you a lot． There are several ways to develop a lifetime reading habit．

    Set times． You should have a few set times every day when you'll read for at least 5﹣10 minutes， no matter what happens． For example， make it a habit to read during breakfast and lunch（and even dinner if you eat alone）．

    Always carry a book． No matter where you go， take a book with you． When you leave the house， make sure to have at least one book． You may keep the book in the car， or into the office or to anywhere you go， unless you' re sure you won't have time to read．

    Make a list． Keep a list of all the great books you want to read． You can keep this in a pocket notebook． Be sure to add to it whenever you hear about a good book． Keep a running list， and cross out the ones you have read．

    Find a quiet place． Find a place in your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair without television or computer near the chair． There should be no music or noisy family members．

    Set a high aim． For example． Tell yourself that you want to read 50 books this year．Try your best to finish reading them． Just be sure you' re still enjoying the reading．

Title： Ways to （1）　　 a lifetime reading habit
Set times	●Read for at least 5﹣10 minutes， no matter what（2）　　． ●Make it a （3）　　to read during breakfast and lunch．
Always carry a book	●Carry at least one book when（4）　　the house． ●Keep the book no matter（5）　　 you go．
Make a（6）	●（7）　　to it when you hear about a good book． ●Cross out the ones you have read．
Find a quiet place	●Sit in a （8）　　 chair． ●Make sure no music or noisy family members trouble you．
（9）　　a high aim	●Do your （10）　　 to finish reading them． ●Be sure to enjoy the reading．

Giving up studying in China's top universities is truly surprising． It's reported that two young people dropped out of Tsinghua University after they found they had no interest in their majors（专业）． They took the CEE（college entrance examinations） again． Luckily， they passed the exams and studied new majors in Peking University． Their actions have come under hot discussion among the public．

Supporters praise the two students for being brave enough to chase（追逐） their goals．

1． We shouldn't blame（责怪） those who are willing to take a risk and take the CEE again． It's OK for everyone to choose their favourite major for a better career in the future．

2． The two students prove that life is full of changes and possibilities． They set up an example of the power of courage in changing lives．

However those who are against their actions criticize them for being capricious（任性的）．

1． By dropping out after studying for a period of time， the two students have wasted educational resources， which could have been provided for others．

2． The two students were not wise enough to choose their majors when they first applied to go to college． Their actions should be a warning to other young people instead of being followed．

阅读以上信息，用恰当的单词完成下面的表格，每空一词．

A case leading people to discussion	Dropping out of China's top universities is really uncommon．Two young （1）　　to give up studying at Tsinghua University simply because their majors weren't their favourite． They retook the CEE and luckily they got the（2）　　to enter Peking University to study new majors．
Different ideas	We shouldn't blame those who are willing to take a risk and retake the exams．Everyone has the（3）　　to choose their favourite major． The two students prove that there are many changes and possibilities in our life．Their actions can（4）　　young people to change their lives．
	If the two students haven't dropped out after studying for a period of time，others could have got the educational resources． The two students didn't choose their majors（5）　　enough for the first application．Their actions shouldn't be followed．

Starting a book club is easy﹣all you need is to love reading．Here's how to get yours off to a flying start．

When you set up your book club，the first thing is to get members for your club．They could be friends，family，or those you know through various activities，but they should all love to read．A small group of seven to ten people is usually an ideal size for a book club．Too many make

discussions difficult．

Once you have a group，agree on how often you want to meet﹣usually clubs meet monthly．

Pick a date and stick with it．That way，members can easily plan for it．Send out emails a week

before the meeting to give people a written reminder．Set meeting time length．An hour is a good

start．Two hours usually does the trick．

Then，you need a good place．Libraries，parks and restaurants﹣all make good meeting

places．For many clubs，homes are the best place as you don't have to get dressed up，and noisy

public places can make talking hard．If members bring a plate of food or a bottle，it can help start

conversation．

Please don't forget the most important thing﹣the book!Think about the books your club

will enjoy．Fiction？Non﹣fiction？Your club can choose books in different ways．You can take

turns to recommend books．Let everyone vote upon what book to read．Anyway，make sure to

keep it light and fun．

After all this has been decided，your book club is ready．Now，it's time to hold the first

meeting．Enjoy your reading．

How to （56）　　 a book club
（57）　　 members	●You can include those who share your （58）　　 for reading． ●l（59）　　 matters．Seven to ten people are enough for discussion．
Setting the time	●Set a （60）　　 time．Send everyone an email to   （61）　　 them of the monthlymeeting beforehand． ●lDecide on how long the meetings will be．
Deciding （62） 　　 to meet	●lYou can meet in （63）　　 places，like libraries，parks and restaurants． ●lFor many clubs，meeting at home works   （64）　　：relaxing and comfortable．
Choosing the books	●Think about the books your club will enjoy． ●l Decide on the （65）　　 of choosing books：allowing everyone to recommend or vote upon the books．

Summer schools

Summer vacation means long days，sleeping in or enjoying the summer sun．It is quite true for students to enjoy a rest after a long and difficult year．But more and more parents fear their kids forgetting a lot of knowledge，so they send their children to summer schools．Because summer schools can help children go over the knowledge that they have learnt during the school year．

In summer schools，students probably study in a more relaxing situation and can come up with interesting topics for discussion with their teachers．Usually，the number of students attending summer schools is smaller，so this gives them a good chance to connect with other students and teachers better．If a student has failed a course，summer schools may help him or her．Moreover，they are building their creativity （创造力）and imagination（想象力）as well as learning social skills．

On the other hand，summer schools bring children problems at the same time．It takes children the whole summer vacation to learn without playing．That is too long．As a result，it may make them less interested in school during the coming year．

For many students，taking summer classes can be a tiring experience．Teachers teach the subjects too quickly．which only harms the whole education of students．Summer schools are usually expensive．They usually offer only a few subject．So many students have to take classes that they don't like．

A summer school can be a good chance for students who need it，but it can be difficult for students who need a rest．SO you can decide whether a summer school is suitable for your children．

Title	Summer schools
（51）	Summer schools help kids go over a lot of （52）　　that they have learnt．
	Students in summer schools feel more relaxed in the situation． They can think of interesting topics to （53）　　with their teachers．
	With the small number of students，summer schools give students a good （54）　　to connect with other students and teachers．
	Summer schools may be helpful for the students who has （55）　　a course． Summer schools help students build their creativity and imagination and learn social skills．
Disadvantages	Children spend the whole summer vacation （56）　　without playing． Summer schools may make students less （57）　　in school during the coming year．
	Teaching too fast is harmful for the whole（58）　　of students
	Summer schools usually （59）　　too much money． Some students are made to take classes they dislike
Conclusion	You can decide（60）　　to send your children to summer schools or not．

The Internet nowadays opens a wide world to people，including teenagers，but many parents worry that their children may meet with something unhealthy when searching online．In order to solve this problem，a new search engine for children called Kiddle has appeared．

Search results are filtered（过滤），so only safe website are shown and descriptions are written in simple language．Searches with bad words are shut off，too．

Kiddles uses the same colors as Google in its logo and a similar design on its homepage，too﹣﹣with an extra robot picture．

The top three Kiddle search results show safe websites and pages written specially for kids，and those websites and pages are well chosen and checked by Kiddle developers．

The fourth to seventh results will be safe and trusted websites that are not written for adults．They provide expert content，but are harder for kids to understand．

Unlike on Google，most results appear along with large thumbnail pictures（缩略图）to make it easier for children to find what they are looking for．For example，when searching for"meow meow"．Google produces pages for information about a drug（毒品）that has"meow meow"as its nickname（绰号），but Kiddle lists information only about cats，even with some cartoon pictures．

The company explained，"Websites which appear in Kiddle search results satisfy family﹣friendly requirements，as we filter websites with unhealthy content．"

Kiddle﹣a Child﹣Friendly Search Engine
Characteristics		•Only safe websites are shown． •Descriptions are written in simple language． •（36）　　 bad words appear．
Logo		It uses the same colors as Google with a robot picture．
Content	The top three search results	Websites and pages are written （37）　　 for kids，after being well chosen and checked．
	The fourth to seventh results	Websites are also worth （38）　___ and have content written in a simple way．
	The eighth and onwards results	Websites are safe and famous，written for adults，and they are not （39）　　 for kids to understand．
（40）　　 from Google		•Kiddle has many thumbnail pictures． •Kiddle only gives safe information．
Advantage		Kiddle satisfies family﹣friendly requirements．

Good readers often use a flowchart （流程图） or webs （网状图） to have a better picture of what they read （see the drawings on the right）．

    A flowchart is used to put events in a certain order． Webs show a main idea and supporting details （细节）．

    Now try to be a good reader and finish the following TWO tasks．

    Task 1： Read Passage 1 and complete the flowchart．

    Passage 1： I spent the whole day with Bob today． In the morning， we went shopping but we bought nothing． In the afternoon， we went to a pet shop． Then we played computer games at home． Bob stayed for dinner with our family． We had great fun．

（1）

went to a pet shop

（2）

had dinner

Task 2： Read Passage 2 and complete the webs．

    Passage 2： Students have different opinions about doing homework． Some students think it's good for them to learn to look after themselves． Besides． they can learn to do their part in the family． However others don't agree． They think they should save the time on housework for learning their lessons．

different opinions about doing housework
（3）	disagree
learn to（4）	learn to do their part	（5）____　　time for learning

Here are some tips that can help you have a few moments of quiet in your day．

    1． Make it a priority （优先的事物）．Like brushing your teeth or taking a shower， 10 minutes of quiet time a day is part of taking care of your body and cultivating （陶冶） your spirit．

    2． Teach the people you live with about quiet time． No television or computer or music．This is the time to read or play or create art一alone．Tell the people around you about the importance of quiet and lead by example． Then they'" begin to support you and enjoy it as well．

    3．Use the spaces in between．I seldom have the radio on in the car when I'm driving alone．When I'm waiting for an appointment （约会），I'm seldom texting or talking．I just enjoy the quiet before the appointment．

    4．Create at least our daily activity that needs quiet．Go for a run without carphones．Take a long bath，or a shower before bead My morning coffee is a time of enjoying quiet When I know I've got a very busy day ahead．I'll get up 15 minutes early just to drink coffee alone in the quiet．

    Creating pockets of quiet is a powerful way to make your life full of energy．You'll feel better to manage the challenges of your day．

（1）What is the passage about？

　　

（2）Why should you have 10 minutes of quiet tine every day？

　　

（3）How can you get support for quiet from the people around you？

　　

（4）According o the text， which daily activity do you like best to get quiet？

　____

______

____　

（5）Why is it a powerful way to create pockets of quiet？

　　___

Last month we asked our students about their free time activities．Our questions were about exercise，use of the Internet and watching TV．（1）　　

    We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day． Forty﹣five percent exercise four to six times a week． Twenty percent exercise only one to three times a week．（2）　　

    We all know that many students often go online， but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day． The other ten percent use it at least three or four times a week．Most students use it for fun and not for homework．

    （3）　　Only two percent of the students watch TV one to three times a week．Thirteen percent watch TV four to six times a week．And eighty﹣five percent watch TV every day!Although many students like to watch sports， game shows are the most popular．

    It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows， （4）　　It is healthy for the mind and the body． Exercise such as playing sports is fun， and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together． And remember， "Old habits die hard．"（5）　　

A． So start exercising before it's too late! B． Many students like playing online games． C． And twenty percent do not exercise at all． D． but we think the best way to relax is through exercise． E． Here are the results． F． The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting．

Here are some good suggestions for you to learn English well．

    （1）　　Even if there is no one around to speak to， talk to yourself． Name things as you pass them． This simple language learning skill will help you understand these everyday words．

    Talk to your friends you know in English． （2）　　They may understand you even if they don't speak it．Simple expressions like"Good morning!" in English will make those sentences more natural to you．Your friends may even start to learn a few sentences as well．

    （3）　　You'll hear the language used in a real situation and this will help you judge（判断）the pronunciation even better． You will also come to further understand and better enjoy the culture behind the language．

    The easiest language learning skill is to try! Don't be afraid to make mistakes when you speak and write English， In fact， you will learn as much from your mistakes as you will learn from your success． （4）　　．

    It's a good way to find an English club． It's helpful to speak with other peuple who are still going through the course of lerning English． （5）　　．

A． Explain to them you are practicing it．

B． They will give you lots of learning skills．

C． You can speak Chinese with your friends．

D． Listen to English songs when you are free．

E． The best way to get better at English is to speak it．

F． Never let the fear of making any mistakes hold you back．

If you're having a hard time getting along with your new teacher， going to class can be a bad time． But you really want to get good grades， what should you do？ Here are some suggestions for you．

    Talk to your teacher． A short discussion can clear up the clouds between two persons． Always be polite and show admiration． Express yourself bravely and show the ideas from your heart．

    Ask your teacher how you can do well in class． Teachers have years of education and experience in the subjects they teach． Learning more about this fact helps make a good relationship between you and your teacher． Discussing the best ways to succeed in class shows your teacher you care about the class．

    Learn to understand his teaching method． Sometimes， the reason why you don't like your teacher is the way he runs the classroom． If you're used to a very relaxing class， learning to develop in a strict environment is difficult． In fact， giving yourself time to accept this new style of teaching is possible．

    Take part in activities with your teacher．Studies show that teachers would like to pay attention to you，if they feel you have something in common． Joining a club or taking part in other activities with your teacher creates common ground between you． And it makes you get on better with him in class more easily．

根据短文内容，完成下面表格（每小题不超过三个词）．

How to （1）　　your teacher
Suggestions	Talk to your teacher．	Always be polite and（2）_____　 　 your teacher． Express yourself bravely and show the ideas from your heart．
	Ask your teacher how（3）　　_____in class．	Learn more about the education and experience of the teacher． Show your teacher you care about the class．
	Learn to understand his teaching method．	Know different teachers have different styles． It's possible （4）　　_____ yourself time to accept this new style of teaching．
	Take part in activities with your teacher．	Make the teacher feel you have something（5）　　．Join a club or take part in other activities．

Soccer is much loved by people all over the world． Nowadays， our country is taking action to get soccer games to enter schools．

    For the activity "Soccer Enters School"， different people have different opinions． Some people think this activity is good for students． It helps them become belter and stronger． It not only can help students improve their psychological quality（心理素质）but also can develop the spirit of teamwork． Especially for some students． they may have a chance to become professional soccer players and play an important part in China's soccer field．

    Other people think this activity will take up plenty of time of students and get in the way of their study． Sometimes it's dangerous because they may get hurt while playing soccer． What's more， it's hard to become a professional soccer player．

    Each coin has two sides． What about your idea？

Soccer Enters School
Our country （1）　　 to get soccer games to enter schools．
Different opinions	Pros	◆Become better and stronger． ◆ （2）　　 psychological quality． ◆ Develop the （3）　　 of teamwork． ◆ Help to become professional soccer players．
	Cons	◆Take up （4）　　 time of students． ◆ Be （5）　　 because they may get hurt．． ◆ Be hard to become professional soccer players．

A．they've learned at school

B．they should get some free time to have fun

C．they often come up with their own games and projects

D．take advantage of the time to add some fun learning activities

E．it's up to parents to encourage continued learning during the summer

    It's June，and summer vacation will begin soon，That's a good thing．Most kids love summer vacation﹣they've worked hard during the school year and （1）　　．Also，the freedom of summer gives them self﹣esteem（自尊心），happiness，and creativity．When kids have free time，（2）　　，causing them to feel good about themselves and believe in themselves．

    But there's another side： the freedom of summer can cause the "summer drop，"where kids forget some of the reading， writing and math skills （3）　　． Many students go down in reading levels during the summer． Math skills are also easily forgettable for kids during the two months of school break． A lot of teachers spend weeks playing catch﹣up in the fall to make up for the summer drop． To avoid this drop in learning，（4）　　．

    Traveling can be a fantastic way for parents to encourage continued learning during the summertime． Whether taking the kids on a road trip to visit family， or getting on a flight to travel in a different province or country， the learning possibilities are endless． If you and your family have a road trip or vacation planned this summer，（5）　　．With a little planning， parents can create learning opportunities that are so fun． The kids won't even realize you are putting education into their free time quietly and secretly．