初中英语政治经济类阅读阅读理解

In recent years． China has been making great progress in technology． A number of inventions have made our daily lives more convenient． Among them， four stand out． They are known as "four new great inventions'' of modern China．

High﹣speed trains China created its first high﹣speed railway line in 2008． Since then，the number of passenger trips has grown by over 30 percent every year． It is reported that high﹣speed train network （网） will connect 80 percent of major cities in China by 2020．China's high﹣speed railway technology is also being used abroad． More and more high﹣speed railways are being set up in foreign countries like Turkey and Russia．

Mobile payment Mobile payment is turning China into a "cashless（无现金） society"．Customers now only need to pay for goods by typing a short password（密码）into certain app like Alipay（支付宝）on their mobile devices（设备）． Users can also pay their bills through Alipay． such as their water and electricity bills． Alipay also allows users to buy things on international websites and apps．

Shared bikes China has surprised the world with how quickly it has spread the shared bikes． Users simply pick up or park a bike on the street through GPS and smartphone apps．China's two leading bike﹣sharing companies， Mobike and Ofo． have been spreading their business to markets abroad． People are riding their bikes in Singapore， the UK and the United States．

Online shopping China has been the world's largest and fastest﹣growing online shopping market． Online shopping now takes15.5 percent of total retail（零售） sales in China． It also helped to create jobs of countryside areas．In 2016， online shopping created than 20 million jobs in countryside areas．

China's（1）
High﹣speed trains	It is reported that 80 percent of major cities in China will（2） 　　by high﹣speed train network by 2020．China's high﹣speed railway technology is also being used abroad．
Mobile payment	China is being turned into a "cashless society"．Customers only need to use mobile apps like Alipay（3） 　　goods or pay water and electrcity bills
（4）	More and more people are enjoying them．Not only people in China but also people in Singapore and the US are using them now．
Online shopping	Chinese online shopping market is growing very fast．And it helped people from countryside to find（5）

Earlier this year， China achieved a new milestone（里程碑） in space exploration（探索）． On Jan 3， Chang'e 4 became the first space probe（探测器） in history to land on the far side of the moon， People's Daily reported．

From Earth， we can only see one side of the moon． The other side has been a mystery． Scientists have long wondered what lies on this side of the moon．

Chang'e 4 has sent back photos of the far side of the moon． It is also used to carry out experiments， such as growing seeds in a low﹣gravity（低重力） environment． The data（数据） collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a base on the moon in the future．

The success of the Chang'e 4 mission（任务） is a main achievement for China's space program． Itmarks a new stage in China's deep space exploration， said Wu Yanhua， head of China National Space Administration．

China launched（启动） its lunar（月球的） exploration program in 2004， naming it Chang'e． Chinese scientists set three goals ﹣"orbiting（环绕运行）， landing and sample（样本） returning"﹣ referring to launching probes that could circle around the moon， touch down on its surface and bring lunar materials back to Earth．

Chang'e 4 has realized the goal of landing． The third will be achieved during the Chang'e 5 mission， which is set to take place before the end of this year， China Daily reported．

Following the success of the Chang'e missions， Chinese scientists are looking even farther into our solar system（太阳系）． China's first Mars（火星） mission is expected to be carried out by 2020， Wu said．

（1）What is the data collected from these experiments used to do？ 　　

A．	Help us build a base on the earth．
B．	Help us build a base on the moon．
C．	Help us build a base on Mars．
D．	Help us build a base on Venus（金星）．

（2）What has Chang'e 4 done so far？ 　　

a．It has landed on the far side of the moon．

b．It has taken photos of the far side of the moon．

c．It has carried out experiments on the moon．

d．It has built a base on the moon．

A．	abc
B．	bcd
C．	acd
D．	abd

（3）What does the underlined word " It" refer to in Paragraph 4？ 　　

A．	A base on the moon in the future．
B．	The Chang'e 4 probe．
C．	The success of the Chang'e 4 mission．
D．	China's space program．

（4）What is Chang'e 5 expected to do？ 　　

A．	Circle around the moon．
B．	Land on the surface of the moon．
C．	Bring lunar materials back to Earth．
D．	Send people to the moon．

（5）What can we infer（推断） from the passage？ 　　

A．	Chang'e 4 has discovered the secrets of the far side of the moon．
B．	China's space exploration program started 15 years ago．
C．	Chang'e 5 will be China's last lunar exploration program．
D．	China has not launched any space probes to Mars so far．

China's national anthem， March of the Volunteers， is a song that we learn at the beginning of primary school and sing at every flag﹣raising ceremony． And now， there's even a law to protect it．Last September， the government passed the National Anthem Law， which became effective（生效）from Oct．1， 2017． It states how we should sing or play the song， requiring all of us to behave towards it politely．

Primary and middle schools must teach the anthem to their students and make them understand the song's spirit and history． Moreover， the law requires us to be serious when we are singing the song． We can't joke about it or change the song's words or music． If someone breaks the law， he or she can be detainedfor up to 15 days， or face further punishment in more serious situations． The national anthem is different from other songs ﹣ it is the symbol of our country．

Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems． For example， American school children should put their right hand over their heart while singing their country's anthem at school． In Russia， the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and end of broadcasting． And in the Philippines， people are required to sing the national anthem with feelings when it's played in public．

（1）How long has the National Anthem Law become effective till now？ 　　

A．	For more than one year．
B．	For just half a year．
C．	For less than 9 months．
D．	For about 10 months．

（2）Why must we be serious when singing the song？ 　　

A．	Because the school asks us to．
B．	Because it has a long history．
C．	Because we are good students．
D．	Because it's our country's symbol．

（3）What does the underlined word " detained" mean？ 　　

A．	Kept in a police station．
B．	Forced to work．
C．	Prevented from eating．
D．	Kept singing the song．

（4）Students are required to put their right hand over their heart in 　　．

A．	China
B．	America
C．	Philippine
D．	Russia

Although people drive in all countries， the rules can be quite different between nations and areas． For this reason， you should always learn the laws before you decide to drive in a foreign country．

In the U．S．， people in Alaska may have a learner's permit at the age of fourteen． This is quite different from the driving laws of Niger， where a person must be at least twenty﹣three years old to drive． If you want to know the minimum（最小的） driving age in most countries， the answer is eighteen． It may also surprise you to learn that not every country allows people to drive， although most of them do． For example， women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia no matter how old they are．

Driving on the right or left side of the road is also different． In Great Britain， Cyprus， Australia， India， and Malaysia， people drive on the left． However， in the U．S．， Mexico， France， and Canada， people are required to drive on the right． In fact， one country can have different driving rules for different areas． People in Hong Kong drive on the left， while drivers in other parts of China use the right side of the road．

Other different driving laws between countries include thoseabout using mobile phones． In Japan， using any kind of mobile phones is illegal（违法的）， even if you do not need to hold the phone with your hands． However， in Argentina and Australia， drivers are allowed to talk on their mobile phones if they do not use their hands．

You might also find it interesting to learn that some countries have very unusual laws． For example， in Cyprus， it is against the law to eat or drink anything while driving．

（1）Which of the following is not discussed in the passage？ 　　

A．	The driving age．
B．	The driving speed．
C．	Right or left side traffic．
D．	Safety calls while driving．

（2）What can we know about driving from the passage？ 　　

A．	It is fun to drive in Britain in the afternoon．
B．	Women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia．
C．	In Cyprus， you may make a phone call while driving．
D．	It's against laws for an Australian driver to use a mobile．

（3）What does the underlined word "those" in Paragraph 4 refer to？ 　　

A．	Drivers．
B．	Mobile phones．
C．	Driving laws．
D．	Countries．

（4）What is the main idea of the passage？ 　　

A．	Driving in all countries shares a common purpose．
B．	Countries have different ways to make laws on driving．
C．	There are differences in laws about driving among countries．
D．	People in different countries drive on different sides of the road．

The roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation（合作） was held on May 14，2017 in Beijing．President Xi Jinping made a theme speech at the Opening Ceremony．

Distinguished guests from over 100 countries attended this important forum on the Belt and Road Initiative．

Over 2，000 years ago，our ancestors opened the transcontinental（横贯大陆的） passage connecting Asia，Europe and Africa，known today as the Silk Road．They also created sea routes connecting the East with the West，namely，the maritime（海洋） Silk Road．These ancient silk routes opened windows of friendly engagement among nations．

In China's Han Dynasty around 140 B．C．，Zhang Qian left Chang'an．He made a journey to the Western regions and opened an overland route connecting the East and the West．Centuries later，in the years of Tang，Song and Yuan Dynasties，such silk routes，both over land and at sea，great adventurers，including Du Huan of China，Marco Polo of Italy，left their footprints along these ancient routes．In the early 15th century，Zheng He，the famous Chinese navigator（航海家） in the Ming Dynasty，made seven voyages to the Western Seas，a great achievement which still is remembered today．Generation after generation，the silk routes travelers have built a bridge for peace and East﹣West cooperation．

The Belt and Road Initiative is rooted（檀根） in the ancient Silk Road．It focuses on the

Asian，European and African continents，but is also open to all other countries．All countries，from

either Asia，Europe，Africa or the Americas，can be international cooperation partners of the Belt

and Road Initiative．

Today，China is trying to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road．The Belt and Road can create chances in challenges and changes．" Peaches and plums do not speak ， but they are so attractive that a path is formed below the trees．"Four years on，over 100 countries and international organizations have supported and got involved in this initiative．We are sure the dream of the Belt and Road is coming true．

（1）According to this passage，can we infer which of the following is TRUE？ 　　

A．	The Belt and Road Initiative focuses on the Asian，European and American continents．
B．	Zhang Qian left Chang'an and created sea routes connecting the East with the West．
C．	The roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum was held successfully in Beijing．
D．	Marco Polo of Italy left his footprints along these ancient routes in the Song Dynasty．

（2）Put the sentences in the right order according to the passage．

①These ancient silk routes opened windows of friendly engagement among nations．

②The silk routes travelers have built a bridge for peace and East﹣West cooperation．

③President Xi Jinping made a theme speech at the Opening Ceremony．

④The Belt and Road can create chances in challenges and changes．

⑤The Belt and Road Initiative is rooted in the ancient Silk Road．

A．	③②④①⑤
B．	②①④⑤③
C．	②③①④⑤
D．	③①②⑤④

（3）What's the meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？ 　　

A．	使者相望于道，商旅不绝于途．
B．	桃李不言，下自成蹊．
C．	不积跬步，无以至千里．
D．	伟业非一日之功．

Riding a Mobike on the street， you might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud． Turning

to the right， you see a Sichuan﹣style restaurant． After walking into a store， you see that Huawei

smartphones are on sale．

But you are not in China ﹣you're in Manchester in Britain． You might see similar things in many other cities， Chinese products have been going global（世界性的）．

Chinese food has been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time． To meet local people's tastes， Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes． For example， Chinese people like to eat meat with the bone in， but Western people don't． So Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones， even for fish．

Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular． In many cities in Europe， stores sell TCL televisions， Haier fridges and Lenovo computers．

More than half of the US﹣owned drones （无人机） are Chinese models． They're not only made in China， but also designed and developed in the country．

In the past， most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable（不可靠的）． But now， things have changed greatly． "Made in China" becomes cool．

（1）We can see more people use Chinese products in Western countries now． 　　

（2）Chinese restaurants provide meat with bones to meet local people's tastes． 　　

（3）More than 50% of the US﹣owned drones are designed， developed and made in China． 　　

（4）In the past， most Western people thought Chinese products were unable to be trusted． 　　

（5）This article is about the disadvantages of Chinese products． 　　

China has been famous around the world since ancient times．In the past，we had the Four Great Inventions．Nowadays，more inventions and creations have made China stronger and greater in the world．

On May 5 ^th，2017，at Shanghai Pudong International Airport，China's first large homemade jet airliner（喷气式客机），the C919，took off successfully for the first time．It has taken about ten years for the scientists and researchers to make this Chinese dream come true，It's a pride of the whole nation．So far，more than 23 companies have already ordered 570 C919 planes from China．But we still have a long way to go before the C919 carries passengers by 2020．It also faces the challenge of

competing with the Airbus A320 and the new Boeing B737．

What's more，China is working on the new high-speed trains with the highest speed of 400km/h．It will be ready by 2020．The new trains are expected to push area cooperation（合作） and create new business for China and foreign countries．Many countries，especially the ones in Central Asia，Southeast Asia，the Middle East and Eastern Europe，are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways with the help of China．They'd like to get support in technology from China．

China has made great progress in both science and technology．And it makes a great contribution（贡献） to human，too．All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people，even of the people around the world．

（1）The C919 will have a competition with 　　and the new Boeing B737．

A．	the Airbus A320
B．	the Boeing B777
C．	the Airbus A380
D．	the Boeing B787

（2）From the passage，we know that many countries in 　　are planning to build high-speed rail lines or to improve their railways．

①Southeast Asia     ②North America     ④Eastern Europe

④Central Asia       ⑤South America     ⑥the Middle East

A．①③④⑤

A．	①③④⑥
B．	②③④⑤
C．	②④⑤⑥

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ 　　

A．	Over 32 companies ordered 570 C919 planes from China．
B．	Successfully，the C919 took off for the first time on May 5 ^th，2017．
C．	Many countries in Central Asia help China build high-speed rail lines．
D．	The high-speed trains with the speed of 400km/h can carry more passengers．

（4）The passage mainly wants to tell us 　　．

A．	the Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than before
B．	the four Great Inventions makes China strong and great in the world
C．	China has increased the international influence with its development
D．	China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400km/h．

China is a great country with the largest population in the world．In order to solve the population problem，our government carried outone-child policy （政策） before．When it is carried out for some time，many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages．

From 2016，two-child policy is put into effect．In my opinion，two-child policy is good．First of all，two-child policy is the gift for some only child （独生子）．For some families，maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child．Besides the loneliness of their child，when their child grows up and they grow older，their child marry an only child girl，the burden （负担） on their child and his wife is too heavy．Their child and his wife have to take care of two couples．Usually，it is a little difficult for a young couple to look after an old couple．But if their parents have two children，they can share the burden of taking care of their parents．It would be much better．Secondly，two-child policy can guarantee （保证） the number of Chinese population．

All in all，one-child policy has been out of date．And tow-child policy is needed and necessary．It can solve the problem of nowadays and the future．

根据材料内容，选择一个最佳答案．

（1）Which country has the largest population in the world？ 　　

A．	Japan．
B．	America．
C．	Britain．
D．	China．

（2）The underlined phrase"carried out"in paragraph 1means" 　　"in Chinese．

A．	实行
B．	携带
C．	取消
D．	禁止

（3）Our government carried out one-child policy before in order to 　　．

A．	share the burden of taking care of their parents
B．	solve the population problem
C．	argue that two-policy should be put into effect
D．	take care of two old couples

（4）According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE？ 　　

A．	America is country with the largest population in the world．
B．	One-child policy has its advantages and disadvantages．
C．	One-child policy is carried out after 2016 in China．

（5）What is the main idea of this passage？ 　　

A．	Two-child policy is the gift for all families in Britain．
B．	Two-child policy is needed and necessary．
C．	Our government carried out three-child policy．
D．	Two-child policy is a new burden．

Humans' Greatest Achievements

The Earth is 4.5billion years old，but the human race has lived on it for just 200，000years．In that short time，we have achieved some amazing things．

（76） 　 　The list is almost endless．The invention of the airplane has changed our lives．The discovery of antibiotics （抗生素） has saved the lives of millions of people．Can you imagine living without electricity？What about the printing press （印刷术）？Without the printing press，you wouldn't be reading this．In the last 50years，there have been great achievements in communication，such as radio，TV，computers，the Internet，and smartphones （智能手机）．（77） 　 　

What about the arts？The arts have brought pleasure to many people，but are the Beatles and Bach more important than antibiotics？（78） 　 　

Finally，we must not forget humans' early achievements．（79） 　 　We can't imagine modern life without cooked food and cars．

What are humans' greatest achievements？To answer the question，we need to decide what we mean by "great"．（80） 　 　Or is it just something that makes us say "Wow，"like the Great Wall？What do you think？

A．Do you think it is difficult to have great achievements？

B．Is it something that makes us rich or happy or save lives？

C．We enjoy these things every day because they are free to use．

D．They used fire for cooking and heating and invented the wheel．

E．Many of humans' great achievements are in science and technology．

F．And is Mickey Mouse as important an achievement as going to space？

G．We could probably live without them，but life wouldn't be as interesting．

For many years， sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China． This year， however， California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products．

Christopher， a garlic grower in California， is manager of his company and he said， "In a perfect world， we would love to see the tariffs on China．"

Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9，2019，and the reason is that U．S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of ＄200 billion． Since then， Chinese buyers have almost stopped buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried．

Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U．S． Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump's policy（政策）． However， officials from McCormick and Company Inc． didn't agree with the policy． McCormick's CEO， Lawrence told Reuters（路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can't go． Actually ，the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权），and itwill destroy American economy and U．S government will lose its trust from other countries in the world．

（1）From the passage we infer（推理）that 　　．

A．	America is buying garlic from China as much as before
B．	American soybean farmers make money as much as before
C．	China is still buying crops from America as much as before
D．	Garlic growers in California are making more money than before

（2）Why is less Chinese garlic bought by America this year？ 　　

A．	Because enough garlic is grown in California．
B．	Because American government has increased tax（税收）on Chinese garlic．
C．	Because China is not buying soybeans from America．
D．	Because companies support American government．

（3）What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to？ 　　

A．	China
B．	the trade
C．	American hegemony
D．	a sign

（4）How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9，2019？_ 　

A．	15%
B．	25%
C．	10%
D．	35%

（5）According to the passage， who disagrees with the America policy of having tariffs on Chinese products？ 　　

A．	Christopher
B．	Donald Trump
C．	California garlic growers
D．	Lawrence