The Grand Canyon（科罗拉多大峡谷） is a large river canyon in Arizona． It is over220 miles long and over a mile deep in some places． Its widest point is 18 miles wide． The canyon is considered one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World．
Over millions of years， the Colorado River wore away rocks as it passed through the area．Slowly， the river made the path deeper and deeper． Now， the canyon is surrounded by steep walls on either side， while the river continues to flow at the bottom of the canyon．
Besides its large size，the Grand Canyon is also known for its magnificent colors．The canyon is made of layers of rock（岩层）， and each layer of rock has a different depth and color．Geologists have identified almost 40 different layers of rock exposed by the rivers erosion．
The climate in canyon area is primarily desert， with both high and low temperatures． The upper rims of the canyon often receive snowfall．The air quality is usually very high，although dust storms and smoke from fires can change the air．
The Grand Canyon is home to a variety of plants and animals． Plants range from various species of cactus pine forests． Many types of animals live in the area，including the bald eagle，bobcats，bats and gila monsters．Six different kinds of rattlesnakes have been found in the area．
Today， the canyon is part of the Grand Canyon National Park． About five million tourists visit the park each year．
（1） （2） （3） （4） （5）
The longest river in the world is the Nile． It is 4，160 miles long． But the Nile is not the mightiest （浩荡的） river． The Amazon is．The Amazon is also the second longest river in the world．It is 3，900 miles long． How long is that？ It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco．
The Amazon is the mightiest for this reason． It has the greatest amount of water． More water runs out to sea than from the Nile． Mississippi， and Yangtze rivers combined． That's a lot of fresh water! The force of its current （水流） is great too． The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea． There's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current． A ship sailed （航行） far away from Brazil． It ran out of drinking water． Another ship passed by． The first ship asked for water． Someone on the second ship said． "Just put your buckets （桶） into the sea．"
Here are a few more facts． At its mouth， the Amazon is 90 miles wide．Even up the river，you can't see the opposite bank． The river is also very deep（from 22 to 76 meters）．During rainy season，the river rises about 16 meters more． Big ocean ships can sail about 1，800 miles upstream （向上游）．Smaller ships can sail 1，000 miles farther．
What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world？ No． It's not the shark． It's the Amazon's piranha． It is only about 10 cm to 20 cm long． It has sharp teeth． Thousands travel in a group． No animal can swim across the river．A 1，000﹣pound horse would be just bones （骨头） in three minutes． Are you planning a trip to the Amazon？ Here's a piece of advice． Leave your swimsuit at home!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案．
（1）After reading this passage it seems clear that ．
A． people do not drink the Amazon's water
B． it would not be good to visit the Amazon during rainy season
C． sailing on the Amazon requires：knowledge of its current
（2）The writer helps you understand how long the Amazon is by ．
A．telling how long the Nile is
B． comparing it to a distance（距离）on land
C． comparing it with the Yangtze River
（3）In Paragraph Four， the word "sharp" means" "in Chinese．
A．锋利的
B．急剧的
C．强烈的
（4）The passage mainly tells us ．
A． piranha in the Amazon
B． traveling in the Amazon
C． interesting facts about the Amazon
The Dead Sea of China is in Daying，Sichuan Province．It was from the 150﹣million﹣year ancient underground lake，where useful minerals（矿物质）are very rich．It has 22% salt．It is similar to"the Dead Sea"in the Middle East．When the people are lying in the water they can floatand will not sink．So it is known as"the Dead Sea of China"．
The place of interest was built in 2003．It cost more than 10million yuan and it covers an area of 2000acres （英里）．In the park you can enjoy many kinds of interesting sports．When you feel tired，you can come here for surfing．When you feel too much pressure，swimming and floating are your good choices．All the activities are helpful to your health．Every year，a lot of tourists travel here from all over the country．
It is very convenient to come here．you can take a bus or a train．Of course，driving your car is also a good way．Here are different kinds of delicious food waiting for you．When you arrive，you will find the people here are so kind and friendly．
Come here，or you will miss a wonderful place to relax yourself．
56．Where is the Dead Sea of China？
| A． |
In Dalian，Liaoning． |
| B． |
In Daying，Sichuan． |
| C． |
In Datong，Shanxi． |
| D． |
In Jinan，Shandong． |
57．The underlined word"float"in Paragraph 1means ．
| A． |
潜水 |
| B． |
跳水 |
| C． |
漂浮 |
| D． |
滑翔 |
58．When was the Dead Sea of China built？
| A． |
In 2003． |
| B． |
In 2013． |
| C． |
In 2008． |
| D． |
In 2016． |
59．What can you do in the Dead Sea of China？
| A． |
Climbing． |
| B． |
Boating． |
| C． |
Riding． |
| D． |
Surfing． |
60．How can you get to the Dead Sea of China？
| A． |
By subway． |
| B． |
By train． |
| C． |
By air． |
| D． |
By ship． |
"Where is the university？"This is a question that many visitors to Cambridge ask．But no one can give them an exact answer，for there is no wall to be found around the university．The university is the city．You can find classroom buildings，libraries，museums and offices of the university all over the city．And most of its members are the students and teachers of the thirty﹣one colleges．
Cambridge was already a town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 years ago．It grew up by the river Cranta，and the river was once called the Cam．A bridge was built over the river as early as 875．So the town got its name"Cambridge"．
In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more and more land was for college buildings．The town grew much faster in the nineteenth century after the opening of the railway in 1845Cambridge became a city in 1951 and now it has a population of over 100，000．
Many young students in other countries expect to study at Cambridge．A large number of people
from all over the world come to visit the university．It has become a famous place all around
the world．
请根据短文内容，选择最佳选项．
（1）Visitors to Cambridge can find the following in the university except ．
A．libraries
B．walls
C．offices
D．museums
（2）According to the passage，Cambridge University is made up of colleges．
A.31
B.15
C.875
D.800
（3）The town got its name from ．
A．the first students and teachers
B．the bridge built over the river Cam
C．the members of the university
D．the person who designed the bridge
（4）Which is the correct order of the events about Cambridge？
a．The railway was opened．
b．Cambridge became a city．
c．More and more land was for college buildings．
d．The first students and teachers arrived at the town．
A．a→c→b→d
B．d→a→c→b
C．b→c→a→d
D．d→c→v→a→b
（5）From the passage，we know that ．
A．the town grew much faster before 1845
B．the city had a population of 100，000 in 1951
C．many young students dream of studying at Cambridge University
D．the Cambridge University has a history of more than 1，000 years．
There are long rivers， and there are famous rivers．The Nile is the world's longest and most famous river． It runs 6， 650 kilometers． Crocodiles and hippos live in its waters． Pyramids built by ancient Egyptians rise along its banks．
The main branch of the Nile， the White Nile， starts just above Lake Victoria， the world's second largest fresh ﹣ water lake， in east central Africa． Then it flows to the north． At Sudan's capital， another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile． Together， they form one very powerful river． Then it goes through Egypt's famous Nile Valley before reaching the Mediterranean Sea．
Ancient Egypt， the first great African civilization（文明）， started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years． Great pyramids and temples were built on the banks and we can still visit them today．
Without the rich farmland along the banks of Nile， there might be no ancient Egypt civilization．Every year， the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． The Nile's banks were easy to farm and produce crops．
The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats． The river runs north， but the wind on the river blows south． To go south， boaters put up sail to catch the wind． TO go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people traded along the river for hundreds of miles．
阅读短文，填表格，每空一词．
| The Nile ﹣ the longest and most famous river in the world |
|
| Where does the Nile flow？ |
The White Nile is the main branch of the Nile． It starts above Lake Victoria and then （1） _____ to the north． The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at the （2） ______ of Sudan． They form a powerful river． Then the Nile goes through the Nile Valley． Finally it（3） the Mediterranean Sea． |
| The Nile's long and rich banks． |
Ancient Egypt started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Its people built pyramids and temples we can still visit today． Every year the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． Rich farmland（4） this ancient civilization great． The Nile made a perfect highway for boats． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people （5） and sold goods along the river for hundreds of miles． |
It's 2050.The Earth is dying，and moving to Mars seems to be the only way out for humans.A team of American astronauts （宇航员） begin to search on Mars.This is what the movie Red Planet begins with.Known as the Red Planet，Mars is the favourite of writers and filmmakers.
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the next planet beyond the Earth.Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen from the Earth.It is about half size of our planet.
The surface of Mars is more like the Earth than any other planet.But it is further from the Sun than the Earth，so temperatures on Mars are much lower.Plants and animals can not live now on Mars.But many scientists still believe that such life may have been on Mars long ago.
On 6th August，1996，scientists discovered a piece of rock from Mars，which fell to the Earth 13，000 years ago.10 years later，some scientists still didn't accept that there was life on Mars.People may not be sure about life on Mars until a sample （样本） of life is brought back.Some further researches are being done in many countries.If you want to know more，please click www.spaceexploration.com.
Choose the right answer according to the passage.
（1）Why is the movie Red Planet mentioned？
| A． |
To introduce the topic. |
| B． |
To advise readers to go to Mars. |
| C． |
To compare Mars with the Earth. |
| D． |
To tell stories about American astronauts. |
（2）What do we know about Mars？
| A． |
Mars is as big as the Earth in size. |
| B． |
Mars is the fourth planet from the Earth. |
| C． |
The surface of Mars is similar to that of the Earth. |
| D． |
Mars is one of the planets whose surfaces can be seen from the Earth. |
（3）No life exists on Mars because .
| A． |
it is too soft |
| B． |
it is too far |
| C． |
it is too small |
| D． |
it is too cold |
（4）What did scientists find from Mars in 1996？
| A． |
Some plants. |
| B． |
Some animals. |
| C． |
A piece of rock. |
| D． |
Some water. |
（5）The passage is most probably taken from .
| A． |
a notice |
| B． |
a website |
| C． |
a diary |
| D． |
a tour guide |
France is well known for its fine art， tasty food and romantic scenery． About 75 million visitors come here every year．
France is the largest country in Westem Europe． It has a population of over 66 million．The country is home to many famous places of interest， like the River Seine as well as the Eiffel Tower．
Many visitors also come for the country's art． Sculptor Auguste rodin and painter Claude Monet once created their great works here． If you visit France today， it is not a surprise to meet street artists in the city or come across a singer in the subway．
No visit to Paris is complete without a trip to Louvre， one of the largest and most famous museums in the world． Inside， there are 35， 000 works of art， such as the painting Mona Lisa by Da Vinci and the statue David by Michelangelo． It would take nine months to enjoy all the pieces．
Besides， French food is world﹣famous． Bread is very important in France． The best known French bread is called a baguette． They are long， delicious and taste salty． Snails are also a must ﹣﹣have here． French people eat 40， 000 tons of snails every year!
But France is not always good． Paris， the city of light， may also show its dark side to visitors．Chinese visitors feel sorry about the crowded subway in Paris．
据短文内容，请用完整句子回答下列问题
（1）Whar's France famous for？
（2）Whar's the population of France？
（3）How long does it take to engoy all the pieces in Loune？
（4）How many snails do French people eat every year？
（5）Why do Chinee visitors feel sorry about the subway in Paria？
In Australia there is a famous island called Fraser Island．A great many visitors come here for holidays every year．Why？The reason is that it is special．（56） ．In fact，it is the largest sand island in the world．It's about 200 kilometers long and 240 kilometers wide．
Though the island is a popular place of interest，there is no airport on the island．The long beach along the east coast works as the airport．（57） ．
On the island there are sand hills without any plants，but there are forests with old trees，beautiful flowers and over a hundred lakes，too．（58） ．
Every year，visitors come to enjoy the island's natural beauty．People like camping and hiking there．（59） ．Animals were killed for food and this made them in danger of extinction （灭绝）．They threw rubbish everywhere，and the lakes were seriously polluted．
（60） ．Rules have been set up．For example，visitors are not allowed to use motorboats （摩托艇） or go fishing in the lakes，and they mustn't leave any rubbish．
A．Planes arrive and leave from here
B．Anyone who breaks the rules w il be pun i shed
C．The island is completely made of sand
D．Unluckily，visitors have caused many problems
E．Many kinds of birds and animals live in the forest
F．So it is time to protect the environment of the island．
A tornado （龙卷风） is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly． They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage （损坏）． As they move across the land， they can easily pick up cars， trucks， and even houses， and then throw them very far． It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close．
A safe place could be a basement （地下室） or the lowest floor． If you are in a home without a basement， try to find a first﹣floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house． You should curl up （蜷缩） into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands．
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes． They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes． One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado． They use special tools to measure （测量） what is happening in and around a tornado．
One special tool is called a tornado probe （探测仪）． Inside the tornado probe， there are sensors （传感器） to measure wind speed， temperature，pressure，and direction．Some probes even have cameras， so the scientists can see and understand what it's like to be in a tornado．
To be able to get these measurements，the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado．Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next． Then they drive to that location and put down the probe． If they do not guess correctly， they pick up their probe and try another place．If they are right，the tornado will go near or even right over the probe． Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form （形成）and travel． And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado．
（1）If a tornado gets close， what should people do to keep safe？
A． Go to a basement．
B． Find a small room．
C． Stay in a bathroom．
D． Curl the legs up．
（2）What can the sensor in a probe NOT do？
A． Measure wind speed and temperature．
B． Take photos and videos．
C． Measure wind temperature and pressure．
D． Measure wind speed and direction．
（3）Which statement about the scientists is TRUE？
A． They risk their lives studying tornadoes．
B． They can easily put the probe in the right place．
C． They get close to a tormado to admire it．
D． With the help of the measurements， they can prevent the tornado forming．
（4）The passage mainly tells us ．
A． what a tornado is
B． how dangerous a tornado is
C． where a tornado may form and travel
D． how scientists do research work on tornadoes
（5）You may find this passage in ．
A． a novel
B． a storybook
C． a guidebook
D． a science magazine
Lima，the capital of Peru，is located in the central coastal part of the country，overlooking the Pacific Ocean.With a population of more than 9 million，Lima is one of the largest cities and the only capital in South America that faces the ocean.
Lima has a long history.The lost Inca civilization ，is thought to be a mystery.There are many museums，where you can learn：how the ancient American Indians founded the Inca Empire and built Machu Picchu，a famous ancient city in the Andes Mountains；what happened in 1532 and why over 90% of Peruvians speak Spanish.Visiting the historic center，a World Heritage Site you may find you are communicating with both the past and the present.
Lima is also a place where you can find the lifestyles and fashions，created by its people and culture.You will see Peruvian clothes，dances，and taste their delicious foods and drinks.You can see buildings in different styles，enjoy the fantastic sunset over the ancient ruins，climb the mountains，fly over the ocean，or sit in the restaurants and bars to experience Peruvians' relaxing life.
You may have heard "It never rains in Lima. " In fact，the special geographic feature makes it not as dry as it is said to be and it is warm all year round.Though it seldom rains in summer，it sometimes drizzles on early winter mornings.The drizzleand the wet air "water" the ground，which makes the crops and the plants grow.Moreover，modern technology helps to bring water from the snow and ice on the top of the Andes （over 6，000 m high）for the city to use.People there never waste water.
Lima is such an amazing city that it is worth a visit.
（1）According to the passage，where is Lima on the map？
| A． |
|
| B． |
|
| C． |
|
| D． |
|
（2）Most people in Lima speak .
| A． |
Indian |
| B． |
Spanish |
| C． |
English |
| D． |
Inca language |
（3）The underlined word "drizzle" probably means .
| A． |
warm air |
| B． |
sea water |
| C． |
snow and ice |
| D． |
very light rain |
（4）Lima is a city .
| A． |
which is rich in water resources |
| B． |
where people can learn Inca culture |
| C． |
which is the largest in South America |
| D． |
where the houses are in the same style |
There are many deserts（沙漠）on the earth.And the following are some facts you may find interesting.
What are deserts like？
Deserts can be hot and dry places.Rain may not fall there for months or years.Some deserts are sandy and stony（多石的）.Deserts can also be very windy places.The wind can change the shape of the deserts.It moves sand around from place to place.
Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously（非常）.During the daytime，the temperature may reach 40℃even in the shade（阴凉处）.At night deserts can become very cold.In winter there may even be a frost（霜冻）in the early morning.
Living in the desert
The camel is sometimes called "the ship of the desert".It stores food in its hump （驼峰）and can go for days without water.It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand.Its long eyelashes（睫毛）keep out the sand during sandstorms.
An oasis is an area of the desert where water may be found.The water may be in pools or under the ground.People and animals visit an oasis for water and food.Plants grow at an oasis.Some farmers are able to grow crops here.
The Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.In some parts of the desert，it is too hot for people to live.Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf.This oil has made some countries in the area very rich.Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes，and people live a comfortable life there.
（1）Which of the following can best describe deserts？
A.Hot and dry.
B.Sandy and rainy.
C.Wet and stony.
D.Windy and snowy.
（2）The word "vary" in the passage means " ".
A.be low
B.be high
C.be similar
D.be different
（3）The camel has long eyelashes to .
A.stay cool in deserts
B.go for days without water
C.help it not to fall into the soft sand
D.keep out the sand during sandstorms
（4）According to the passage，people and animals visit an oasis for .
A.frost and crops
B.sand and stones
C.water and food
D.money and oil
（5）What is the best title of the passage？
A.What is the weather like in deserts？
B.What do you know about deserts？
C.How do people live in deserts？
D.Where is the Arabian Desert？
Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254.When he was 17，he travelled along the Silk Road with his father，who wanted to do trade with the Chinese.Finally，they arrived in Beijing.They were guests at the Emperor's Palace.Although Marco was young，he was very clever and could speak four languages.The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends.The Emperor asked Marco to help him and sent him to do many important jobs all over the country.
Marco was amazed by how great China was.He was impressed by the Emperor's Palace which he described as "The greatest palace that I've ever seen".The walls were covered with gold and silver and the hall was so large.
Marco was also attracted by lots of strange things in China.Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets.In Europe，people paid for goods with gold and silver.He could not understand how people paid for food and valuable things with paper!He was also puzzled by the black stones people used to burn to produce heat.The black stones were coal，but Marco had never seen coal before!
After he served the Emperor for 17 years，in 1291，Marco returned to Italy.He had a lot of money then.A writer wrote down all the stories that Marco told him in a book called The Description of the World，which became one of the best﹣selling books in Europe.
阅读短文，填表格，每空一词。
| Marco Polo and China |
|
| Before（1） in China |
He was born in Italy in 1254. At the age of 17，he travelled to China along the Silk Road with his father. |
| During his living in China |
He made friends with the Chinese Emperor. He helped the Emperor do the（2） of many jobs around China. The beauty of China（3） him.He described the Summer Palace as the greatest palace that he had ever seen. Some things which he never saw before attracted him. •Paper money was used in the markets. •The Chinese used coal to produce heat. |
| After returning to Italy |
He became very（4） . A book was（5） about his travelling experiences. |
Siena is an old city in the north of Italy．It began with a group of people living on its hills over 2，900 years ago．Around the year 1100，Siena became an important business center in Italy．In 1472，the first bank of the world was built in this city and has been doing business ever since．
Today Siena is famous for keeping its"old face"．For example，its city walls，which helped keep the city safe in the past，are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before．Also，many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo，the most important meeting place of the city．Few things have really changed in this center of public life for hundreds of years．Now people still go to the open space for sharing news，shopping，or playing sports．There is one more thing that helps keep Siena's old face：cars cannot enter the city most of the time．
True，Siena is old，but it's beautifully old．People are welcome to visit this beautiful city and walk into the past．
根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂（A），错的涂（B）．
51．The old city，Siena，began more than 2，900 years ago．
52．Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today．
53．People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well．
54．Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo．
55．Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena． ．
There are long rivers， and there are famous rivers． The Nile（尼罗河）is the world's longest and most famous river． It runs 6，650 kilometers． Crocodiles and hippos（河马）live in its waters． Pyramids built by ancient Egyptians rise along its banks．
The main branch of the Nile， the White Nile， starts just above Lake Victoria， the world's second largest fresh﹣water lake， in east central Africa． Then it flows to the north． At Sudan's capital， another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile． Together， they form one very powerful river． Then it goes through Egypt's famous Nile Valley before reaching the Mediterranean Sea．
Ancient Egypt， the first great African civilization（文明）， started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years． Great pyramids and temples were built on the banks and we can still visit them today．
Without the rich farmland along the banks of the Nile， there might be no ancient Egypt civilization． Every year， the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． The Nile's banks were easy to farm and produce crops．
The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats． The river runs north， but the wind on the river blows south． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people traded along the river for hundreds of miles．
The Nile ﹣ the （1） and most famous river in the world |
|
Where does the Nile flow？ |
• The White Nile is the （2） ___ branch of the Nile． It starts （3） ____ Lake Victoria and then runs to the north． • The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at the （4） __ of Sudan． They form a powerful river． • Then the Nile goes through the Nile Valley． Finally it （5） ___ the Mediterranean Sea． |
The Nile's long and rich （6） . |
• Ancient Egypt started along the banks of the Nile over 5.000 years ago． Its people （7） ___ pyramids and temples we can still visit today． • Every year the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． Rich farmland made this ancient civilization（8） ． • The Nile made a perfect highway for boats． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go （9） ， they took the sails down． Ancient people bought and （10） ___ goods along the river for hundreds of miles． |
在英语拓展课上,你需要介绍一个非洲国家．请你根据搜索到的有关肯尼亚的部分资料,完成PPT演示文稿．
Republic of Kenya is a country in Africa, with a population of about 48,000,000．Nairobi is the capital of Kenya． Kiswahili and English are its official languages, and it also has many local languages． Kenya covers 582,646 square kilometers． It has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline． On Kenya's land, fruit, vegetables, coffee, tea, corns and wheat are the main agricultural produce． The people in Kenya like cross country running, road running, soccer, boxing and so on． Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics．
Republic of Kenya Capital： （1） Size： （2） km2 Official languages：Kiswahili． （3） |
Population： （4） million Sports： cross country running, （5） , soccer, boxing |
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