初中英语说明文试题

Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the Earth's surface．（49） 　　，they are most probably to happen near mountains．

During an earthquake，the Earth's surface shakes．Houses fall，people are killed or injured，and （50） 　　whole cities are destroyed．

But we can do something to protect （51） 　　against earthquakes．Scientists have made maps （52） 　　the"earthquake belt"．In the belts，earthquakes are likely to happen．In these areas we can build （53） 　　houses to resist（抵抗）earthquake shocks．

In the future，scientists will be able to predict exactly （54） 　　earthquakes will take place．Then they can tell people to take measures．Thus lives can be saved and damage（损失）can be（55） 　　

49．A．But	B．However	C．So	D．And
50．A．sometime	B．sometimes	C．some time	D．some times
51．A．ourselves	B．themselves	C．itself	D．myself
52．A．shown	B．shows	C．showed	D．showing
53．A．large	B．small	C．special	D．empty
54．A．When and where	B．when and what	C．where and what	D．how and why
55．A．doubled	B．lessened	C．increased	D．added．

It's reported that China will allow all couples （71） 　　two children from January 1st，2016．It will end the onechild （72） 　　that has been carried out since the late 1970s．One child policy（73） 　　some problems to onechild families and the country．The government has realized the problems，so the government will change the situation．

The longawaited （期待已久的）policy immediately excited the public．Many（74） 　　couples will prepare for a second child，because they think only （75） 　　one child will make the only child feel （76） 　　．So they want to have （77） 　　child．But some young couples are still considering whether to have a second child．They think having another child will need much money．（78） 　　life will be hard．

But many businessmen have begun seeking opportunities to earn money from the policy．Almost all companies are （79） 　　childraising，including baby clothes，toys and cartoons．Some foreign milk powder companies do business in China．

James Liang，a professor in Peking University，predicts that the annual （每年的） number of births will increase by 2.4million．"（80） 　　30，000yuan （about ＄4，724）is spent on a baby every year，about 75billion yuan will be created，"said Liang．

71．A．to have	B．has	C．having	D．had
72．A．fact	B．result	C．reason	D．policy
73．A．teach	B．brought	C．gave	D．take
74．A．young	B．old	C．bad	D．foreign
75．A．has	B．had	C．having	D．have
76．A．happily	B．happy	C．lonely	D．alone
77．A．other	B．another	C．others	D．another one
78．A．Theirs	B．His	C．Her	D．Their
79．A．with	B．about	C．at	D．in
80．A．When	B．Although	C．If	D．Unless

DNA is the whole "map" of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In I860, Mr Mendel discovered why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things called "genes"(基因) in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are really messages. They’re written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first "word" that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞)to build its parts, the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one "word" means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more "words" and find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs.
The two scientists found ______in 1961.

A．all the words in the DNA map

B．small things called "genes" in our body

C．the first "word" they could understand in that language

D．those small parts arc written in the DNA with a special language

How can we help sick people if we understand more "words" in the DNA map?

A．Make better medicine.

B．Make them get jobs.

C．Make maps for them.

D．Make them attractive.

Which one is NOT TRUE according to the article?

A．We look like our parents because of "genes" in our body.

B．We have understood what all the words in the DNA map do.

C．DNA is the whole "map" of the human body.

D．DNA tells the cell to build its parts.

What do people think about this research about DNA?

A．It can be only bad.

B．It can be only good.

C．It can be good but won't work.

D．It can be good and bad

Jilin is a good place. It is in the north-east of China. On the north of it is Heilongjiang, the south is Liaoning, the west is Inner Mongolia and the east is North Korea(朝鲜).
It has a long and snowy winter. Usually the winter here starts from October and lasts(持续) for six months. Every year people come here for the Ice Lantern Festival and the winter sports.
Changbai Shan is the first mountain in the north-east of China. There is a lot of snow on the main mountain-"Baitou Shan" all the year, so it is named "Changbai Shan". It has great forests on it. There are tigers, deer, black bears and many other animals in the forests and there are a lot of hot springs (泉) and more than l,500 kinds of plants. On the very top of the mountain is Tianchi. If you come to the lake, you might see the monster(水怪) in it.There is also a great waterfall(瀑布) where the Songhua River comes from.
Another place in Jilin is Xianghai in Tongyu County(县). There are more than 100 pieces of wetlands here. And they are of different sizes. There are 170 kinds of birds, some fish that we can't often see and over 250 different herbal(草药) plants and trees here.
Which is the right map?

Winter in Jilin is from _______ to _______.

A．January; April	B．September; December
C．October; April	D．November; May.

The writer doesn't tell us _______ in the passage.

A．the neighbors of Jilin

B．the temperature in winter in Jilin

C．the famous mountain in Jilin

D．where there are herbal plants in Jilin

What's the most important thing for you to have in your life? Somebody mentions (提到 ) hard-work,others suggest knowledge, love and luck.
If you arrange the 26 English letters alphabetically(按-r母表IYJ顺序)and use numbers to represent each of them, for example, I for a 2 for b, 3 for c..., you can change an English word into a number. So hard-work becomes 8+1+1 8+4+23+15+1 8+11="98," meaning 98 is its mark; knowledge:11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5="96.while" love:12+15+22+5="54," and luck:12+2l+3+11="47," a small mark．None of these words can give one a full mark．What about money or prayer(祈祷）?They can't, either.
Then what else? Don't be worried. You can always find an answer to a problem in your life, when you change your way of looking at things or doing things，or your attitude（态度）．Yes，attitude is the word. See for yourself: attitude:1+20+20+9+20+2l+4+5="100," a full mark.
Different attitudes lead to different courses of life. Most times people hope for a better life. It is possible that one will have a change for the better after one has changed one's attitude.
When you change your manner and became friendly towards others, you'll meet more smiling faces towards you．1n the same way. if you take a positive（积极地）attitude towards failure（失败）, you'll find it's also rewarding though it has caused you losses.
What is the mark of the word “money”？

A．54

B．72

C．96

D．100

In the writer's opinion, what is the most important thing in a person's life?

A．Hard work.

B．Knowledge.

C．Money.

D．Attitude.

According to the passage, if you meet with problems，the best way out is to_______．

A．ask for help from others

B．say your prayers to God

C．change your attitude

D．try maths—solving methods(方法)

From the passage we can learn that_______.

A．different attitudes come from different courses of life

B．mathematics can solve every problem easily in our daily life

C．failure sometimes can bring you good if you take a positive attitude

D．none of the English words except "attitude" equals to 100 or more

Would you like to adopt an animal? Although this sounds very unusual, some children have done just this. The Natural Zoo has given people the chance to adopt animals by paying for all of its food for one year. One of the animals that needed parents was a young tiger named Brocky. The people at the zoo said that it would cost about $900 a year for the food for Brocky.
Not many boys and girls have $900 to spend. That is why several hundred children and grown-ups each have sent a little money to the zoo to help pay for Brocky’s food. Some children sent in only a quarter because that was all the money they had. Other children sent in more money than that.
Since so many people sent money to the zoo to help pay for Brocky’s food, he now will be able to eat as much as he wants. Brocky surely must be a happy tiger to know that he has so many adopted parents. Many children must also be happy to know that they have helped to feed him. It really will be thrilling for those children to go to the Natural Zoo to visit their adopted tiger Brocky.
Brocky is________.

A．an animal zoo

B．an adopted child

C．a tiger without children’s love

D．a tiger in need of adoption

Several hundred people give money to the zoo to help Brocky because ________.

A．its food is too expensive for one person to afford

B．people don’t want to spend too much money on Brocky

C．people don’t love Brocky enough

D．the zoo forces them to do so

Children will be ________ if they go to the zoo to visit the tiger Brocky.

A．frightened	B．excited and happy
C．nervous	D．surprised

With so many people’s money, Brocky now can _________.

A．play with many toys

B．live without being hungry

C．eat meat every day

D．have an air-conditioned room to live in

We can infer(推断)from the passage that ________.

A．zoos are too poor to feed the animals

B．there are too many animals in the zoo

C．many people are kind to animals

D．children love animals better than adults do

A habit is any action that we have performed so often that it becomes something that we do almost without thinking. Some of them are thought to be bad habits. People spend countless hours and dollars each year trying to get rid of these bad habits but often fail. Why? Change is hard work and there is no shortcut to achieve it. However, there is still some advice for you to follow.
First, look at why you do it. In other words, what’s the result of doing this thing? If your bad habit is shouting at people when you are unhappy or under pressure, what do you get from it? It may make you feel a little better for the moment. Or maybe you have a bad habit of leaving your homework undone. The result could be that you get more time to spend on the Internet!
Next, take a look on the other hand. What are you losing because of your habit? Shouting at other people is a bad habit because it makes people around you feel bad and unhappy. Leaving your homework undone is a bad habit because you may be punished by your teacher. Having more Internet time means that you are losing the chance to learn the things that you need to learn. When you think that way, you’ll find that it’s not wise to keep your bad habit! Now it is time to make a decision. What will you choose? I’m sure you will choose to do what you think is more important.
From the first paragraph we know that __________.

A．a habit is a terrible thing that we can never change

B．people take countless hours and dollars to get rid of habits

C．none of the people who try to break bad habits are successful

D．though it is difficult, we can still do something about our bad habits

The underlined sentence “there is no shortcut to achieve it” means that ________.

A．it is not easy to get rid of bad habits

B．there is a long way and a short way

C．something dangerous may happen

D．we must cut it in a short time.

The main purpose of this passage is to __________.

A．introduce and describe	B．complain（埋怨）and disagree
C．explain(解释) and advise	D．discuss and argue（争论）

Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题)
Malls are popular places for Americans to go. Some people spend so much time at malls that they are called mall rats.
People like malls for many reasons. They don’t feel any danger around them because malls have police stations or private security guards. Parking is usually free, and the weather inside is always fine. The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green trees.
The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota. It covers 4.2 million square feet. It has 350 stores, eight night clubs, and a seven-acre park! There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars. About 750,000 people shop every week.
The first indoor mall in the United States was built in 1965 in Edina, Minnesota. People loved doing all their shopping in one place. More malls were built all over the country. Now, malls are like town centers where people come to do many things. They shop, of course. They also eat in food houses that have food from all over the world. They see movies at theatres. Some people even get their daily exercise by doing the new sport mall walking. Others go to malls to meet friends. In some malls, people can see a doctor or a dentist and even attend church. In other words, people can do just everything in malls. Now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping centre.
Why are some people in America called mall rats?
_________________________________________________________.
What is the purpose of having police stations inside the malls?
_________________________________________________________.
Do people need to pay for parking in malls?
_________________________________________________________.
When and where was the first indoor mall set up in the United States?
_________________________________________________________.
Why were more malls built all over the country?
_________________________________________________________.
Do you prefer to have a one-day trip to such malls? Please give your reason.
_________________________________________________________.

Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading books is fun. You can always keep yourself happy if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hobby, too. You can really become lost in a book.
Next, you can read a book anywhere: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane or in bed. All you need is a book! Reading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again.
Another good reason for reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby you will get better and better at it. This makes you read faster and become easier at understanding what you read. If you read enough, you will probably find that your schoolwork becomes much better.
Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You can read on computers and, the more you read, the better your computer skills will be.
Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby. Why not start reading right now?
The passage mainly tells us______.
A. the best place to read books
B. how to read books
C. why reading is a good hobby
What does the underlined word“convenient”mean in Chinese?
A. 复杂的     B. 方便的     C. 流行的
Which of the following is true?
A. Reading books is bad for school work.
B. Reading books helps you study better.
What will you be if you are a good reader according to the last paragraph?
A. A writer.     B. A worker.     C. A doctor.
The passage suggests us______.
A. not reading too much
B. reading right now
C. becoming a writer

Reading is the key to school success and , like any skill, it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. An excellent sportsman practices until he can play quickly, correctly and without thinking. Educators call it “automaticity (自动性)”
A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and finding the meaning of the words. With practice, he stumbles less and less, reading by the phrases(短语). With automaticity, he doesn’t have to think about the meaning of words, so he can give all his attention to the meaning of the text.
It can begin as early as first grade. In a recent study of children in Illinois schools, Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found that automatic readers in the first grade not only read almost three times as fast as the others, but also got better results in exams.
According to Rossman, the key to automaticity is the amount(数量) of time that a child spends reading ,not his IQ. Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books, magazines or newspapers will probably reach automaticity . It can happen if a child turns off TV just one night for reading at home.
You can test yourself by reading something new which is suitable for your level. If you read aloud with expression, with a sense of the meaning of the sentence, you probably are an automatic reader. If you read brokenly, one word at a time, without expression or meaning, you need more practice.
The sentence “Reading is the key to school success” means that reading___________.

A．helps school develop faster

B．is the key to a successful school

C．helps students go to a key school

D．can improve students’ learning results

Rossman tells that any child who _____________ will probably be an automatic reader.

A．turns off TV one night 4 weeks

B．reads books by the word quickly

C．spends an hour reading every day

D．gets the same grades as others in exams

The underlined word “stumbles” in the passage means “_____________” in Chinese.

A．结结巴巴地读	B．全神贯注地读
C．心不在焉地读	D．声情并茂地读

The best title for the passage should be “ ______________________”.

A．IQ Is the Key to the Automaticity

B．TV Is Bad for Children’s Reading

C．Automaticity Depends on Practice

D．Automatic readers Will Be Successful

【湖南省娄底市2015年中考英语试题】任务型阅读 阅读下面短文内容，完成表格。（每空填1至3个单词）（共5小题，计10分）
Some Advice on Safety
Always play in a safe place. A park is a safe place because there is no cars or trucks. But do not talk to strangers. Never go with a stranger into a car.
Before crossing the road, stop and look both ways. Look left, look right and look left again.
Keep away from houses or buildings that are being built or knocked down. Something might fall on your head, or you might cut yourself on broken glass.
Medicines or pills can be dangerous. Never swallow(吞下) any pills or medicines you find in the cupboard.
Don’t swim in the pool or river without adults. Wear a life jacket whenever you go out in a boat. Even if you are not in the open sea and the water is not deep, you should have your life jacket on. It's easy to fall out of a boat.
Do not put your head out of a car, bus or train. Many children have been killed by doing this.

________________ Advice
When or where	How to do
Play in a safe place	Play in a park. Never talk to _________ or go with them.
When crossing a road	Stop and look _________________.
Houses or buildings being built or knocked down	Stay away.
Medicines or pills	Never swallow any medicines without a doctor's advice.
In a _____________	Wear a life jacket.
On a bus, car or train	Never put ___________ out of them.

 

Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish“a school(一群)。” They don’t study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals(哺乳动物)，not fish, but they swim together like fish in a school.
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say” welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium(水族馆). People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphins’ meat is good, but people don’t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
The word“school”means      .

A．a place for students to study

B．a special kind of animals

C．a group of fish traveling together

D．a place for training dolphins

A dolphin makes a sound to        .

A．show other dolphins they are happy

B．tell other dolphins they are sad

C．let people know they are afraid

D．give information to other dolphins

People can’t hear dolphins’ sounds under the water      .

A．because they are very, very low

B．because they are very, very high

C．because they only make a few sounds

D．because they want to keep it as a secret

Dolphins would like to       .

A．study at schools	B．be away from their schools
C．stay with other dolphins	D．be in shows

The best title for this passage is      .

A．The Dolphin	B．Schools of Dolphins
C．Dolphin’s Talk	D．Man’s Friend

The city of Yangzhou came into being at the Spring and Autumn Period ( about 500 AC ).As the key transportation link at joint (连接处) place of the Great Canal（运河）( Beijing-Hangzhou) and Changjiang (Yangtze River), Yangzhou has been from the Sui Dynasty (600 AD.) an economically rich city, and then reached its top in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Yangzhou was a famous port and one of few biggest cities in East Asia.
With the improvement of the local economy and easy transportation way, there happened in the history a special local culture, which has an important place in Chinese culture. Many famous men of letters, poets, artists, scholars (学者), statesmen, scientists and national heroes in the history were born in, lived in or had connection with Yangzhou. Li Bai, one of the greatest Chinese poets visited and stayed in Yangzhou several times in his life and one of his famous poems about Yangzhou has been so popular that Chinese of all ages can sing it and has become a symbol of Yangzhou . Zheng Banqiao, a famous Chinese painting painter in the Qing Dynasty heading a group called “Eight Eccentrics”, had strongly influenced Chinese paintings. Wang Zhong and Yuan Yuan and some other scholars formed school of Yangzhou Scholars and achieved great success in the study of classic Chinese and writing. Zhu Ziqing, one of most famous modern Chinese writers and scholars, had always been proud of himself as a native of Yangzhou and thanked the city for being nourished (养育) by its rich culture. Quite a few other names you may come across frequently (频繁地) in the study of Chinese culture and history have connection with Yangzhou. Yangzhou was so attractive and important that many Chinese emperors in history had come specially to visit or check the city. Emperor Suiyang, who ordered to cut the Great Canal so that he could come more easily and quickly, died on his last trip to the city and buried (埋葬) here. Emperor Qianlong had come all the way from the north and visited the city nine times.
Which of following sentences is NOT right according to this passage?

A．Yangzhou joined the Great Canal (Beijing-Hangzhou) and Changjiang (Yangtze River).

B．In the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou was a famous port and one of few biggest cities in Asia.

C．Emperor Suiyang was buried in Yangzhou.

D．Emperor Qianlong visited Yangzhou nine times.

We can infer（推断）the poem mentioned in this passage by Li Bai is _______.

A．《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》	B．《望庐山瀑布》
C．《静夜思》	D．《赠汪伦》

Who influenced Chinese paintings a lot according to this passage?

A．Zheng Banqiao	B．Zhu Ziqing
C．Wang Zhong	D．Li Bai

What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Yangzhou：An Economically Rich City

B．Yangzhou：An Easy Transportation City

C．Yangzhou：A Historical Culture City

D．Yangzhou：A Famous Tour City

We have always been interested in the moon.2000 years ago people already knew it moved around the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year.At that time, everything about the moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky.
When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change.They could see the moon was made of rocks.Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on Earth.This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had been caught in the earth's gravity (引力) millions of years earlier.
In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied.Much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the moon and the earth were made of the same things.Once again new ideas were needed for this new information.
After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of Earth.They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, something about the size of Mars hit Earth.This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet.These rocks slowly joined together and after many years became the moon.
In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interested in it.
Now, we’re sure ________________

A．Moon rocks are quite different from those on Earth.

B．Moon was once a part of Earth.

C．Moon moves around Earth and it’s the only satellite of Earth.

D．Moon was once a planet caught in Earth’s gravity.

In 1969 there is a big event, that is __________.

A．humans Found no water in Moon rocks

B．scientists made out a modern spaceship

C．scientists invented an advanced telescope

D．humans left their footprints on Moon

What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?

A．Why people are interested in the moon.

B．How ideas about the moon have changed over time.

C．Where the moon came from in the past.

D．That people have finally learned the truth about the moon.

Before 1969 most scientists thought the moon was ________.

A．part of the earth billions of years earlier

B．older than the earth

C．a planet caught by the earth's gravity

D．made of the same things as the earth

From this passage we can learn that ________.

A．scientists in the past were not clever

B．the earth was once part of the moon

C．new information brings new ideas

D．we now know everything about the moon

There are four seasons in China.March, April and May make the spring.June, July and August make the summer season.September, October and November make the autumn season.The rest（剩下）of months make the winter season.
The Australia seasons are the opposite（相反的）of ours.When it’s spring in China, it is autumn in Australia.
Australia is in the south（南方）of the earth.June, July and August are the winter months.The summer is in December, January and February.It’s very hot there, too.
Near the North Pole（北极）there are two seasons.The winter nights are long.For more than two months you can’t see the sun, even at noon.The summer days are long.For more that two months, the sun never sets（落下）, and there’s no night.
＿＿＿make the winter season in China.

A．October, November and December

B．November, December and January

C．December, January and February

D．January, February and March

When it’s summer in China, it is＿＿＿in Australia.

A．winter

B．autumn

C．spring

D．summer

Near the North Pole there are two seasons: ＿＿＿.

A．spring and summer	B．summer and winter
C．summer and autumn	D．spring and winter

Near the North Pole, there’s no night in summer for more than＿＿＿months.

A．one

B．two

C．three

D．four

＿＿＿in winter near the North Pole.

A．The days are longer than the nights

B．The days are as long as the nights

C．The days are shorter than the nights

D．The nights are shorter than the days