任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
注意：每个空格只填1个单词
The health dangers of smoking have been well reported. For years, doctors have warned that smoking can cause lung cancer. Studies also have linked smoking to several other kinds of cancer, heart attacks and other diseases, lung diseases, and a number of other medical problems. The repeated health warnings have had an effect. Thousands of people have stopped smoking. But as many people have learned, stopping smoking can be very difficult.
A major problem apparently is the nicotine, a poisonous substance found in tobacco. Small amounts of nicotine are released as tobacco is burned. And over many years of smoking, a person’s body becomes dependenton the substance. A try to stop smoking brings the problems of nicotine withdrawal（脱瘾过程）.
American medical researchers have found that nicotine withdrawal causes people to become angry very easily, aggressive, worried and unable to think sharply. Many people who have tried to stop smoking would confirm those findings.
To help people give up smoking, some tobacco companies have proposed chewing tobacco, or using snuff as safe substitutes（替代物）. Snuff is a tobacco powder that usually is breathed in. But many people put it between their gum and cheek.
A group of British scientists said recently that many lives could be saved by a major program to get cigarette smokers to change to snuff. An American scientist, Allan Blum, disagreed. Dr. Blum argued that snuff, put in the mouth, can cause gum disease, teeth problems and throat problems that lead to cancer. Dr. Blum also warned against chewing tobacco as a substitute for smoking. He said chewing tobacco can lead to cancer of the mouth, throat or digestive system.
Medical researchers say another possible substitute for smoking is a special nicotine chewing gum. The gum is already sold in Europe and Canada. A report says research shows that the chewing gum will increase the amount of nicotine in a person’s blood. This helps satisfy some people’s desire for a cigarette. However, the report says, the chewing gum also leads to some unpleasant side effects. And it may be dangerous for people with heart problems.
Two other American scientists say they have found that the most effective way to stop smoking is to do it completely, suddenly, all at once. The report by Saul Shirtman and Dr. Murray Jogbett says that by stopping all at once, the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal are over in just a few days. But, they say, by continuing to smoke, even a little less each day, the problems of withdrawal never end completely.
| Bad effects of smoking |
Many kinds of disease and a number of other medical (91) ▲ are connected with smoking. |
||
| Difficulty in stopping smoking |
The (92) ▲ for this is that smokers are (93) ▲ on nicotine, a poisonous substance in tobacco, and people (94) ▲ to stop smoking have emotional problems and are unable to think sharply. |
||
| (95) ▲ to stop smoking |
Looking for substitutes for smoking |
Snuff |
Causing gum disease, teeth problems and throat problemsthat (96) ▲cancer. |
| Chewing tobacco |
Causing cancer of the mouth, throat or digestive system |
||
| Nicotine chewing gum |
Helping satisfy some people’s desire for a cigarette by (97) ▲ the amount of nicotine in one’s blood. Having some side effects and being dangerous for people who (98) ▲ from heart problems. |
||
| Giving up smoking (99) ▲ , suddenly, all at once |
In a few days, the worst problems of nicotine withdrawal no longer (100) ▲ . |
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。
Are you tired of the same old schedule on Mother’s Day? Well, here are some new ideas to help you enjoy that special day with your mother.
While it seems almost a tradition to take your mother out for dinner on Mother’s Day, perhaps this year you could try something else. You could invite her to a restaurant before or after the actual day. This way you don’t have to fight the crowds, and the prices will be lower.
Take your mother out for a picnic lunch if the weather is nice. You and she can enjoy the cool breeze under the shade of a tree while having a nice meal that you have made for her. Be sure to pack some of her favorite foods.
Another idea would be to invite your mother to go bowling(打保龄球). Even if she has never bowled in her life, trying something new is always interesting.
You could treat her to a movie she is dying to see, and make sure you buy her all the popcorn and candies she can eat. If you are a male, the chances are you won’t like the movie she wants to see, so instead you could go to the mall and get your picture taken with your mother, which she can proudly display in her house.
Take her to a spa on Mother’s Day. She has been working so hard and needs a way to release her stress.
If she doesn’t want to go to a spa, buy her special soaps and oils so she can relax herself in her own tub. There are various types of soaps and oils with delicious flavors available. You could also buy her some scented (芬芳的) candles that she could light by her tub to make the atmosphere peaceful.
No matter what you choose, make sure you do something special for the woman who took care of you for so long.
Title: Special ideas for Mother’s Day
| Problem |
Be tired of the same old schedule on Mother’s Day. |
|
| (1) _______ |
Go out for dinner before or after Mother’s Day |
Avoid the (2) ______ Have lower prices |
| Go out for a (3) ______ lunch |
Enjoy the cool breeze under the shade of a tree Enjoy a nice meal that you have made for her |
|
| Invite her to go bowling |
Something new is always (4) ________ |
|
| See a (5) ______ or take a photo with her |
She can proudly display the (6) ______ in her house. |
|
| Take her to a (7) _____ |
She needs a way to release her stress. |
|
| Buy her special (8) _____ and oils and scented candles |
She can relax in her tub and enjoy the (9) ______ atmosphere. |
|
| Conclusion |
Make sure you do something (10) ____ for your mother. |
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
(注意：每空填1个单词。)
Growing up, one year on
It’s been a year since the Wenchuan earthquake, which left many dead and many more upset and scared. As the quake areas are now being rebuilt, do students feel better, and what are their lives like? Teens have talked to two students to find out.
Wu Xinnan, 16,
Dujiangyan Foreign Language Experimental School
Wu likes leaning through the window of her makeshift dorm (临时凑合的宿舍) and looking outside. There, some buildings are under construction – Her school’s new classrooms. Teachers say that they will move in next term and Wu can’t wait for that day to come. Three months after the earthquake, Wu entered her new school without a formal entrance exam (入学考试). She couldn’t concentrate in class at first. Some of her classmates, especially those who had lost family members, didn’t talk and always stayed alone. One year later, things are much better.
Everyone seems to work extremely hard, with busy classes between 6:30 am and 10:00 pm every day. Wu won’t allow herself to fall behind, either. She only goes back to stay with her parents on Saturdays. They are still staying in a temporary room after losing their house. She never asks for pocket money since her dad lost his job at a restaurant – another victim of the earthquake. "I rarely buy anything," she said.
Luo Qin, 16,
Mianyang Shuidian School
Luo has a motto: "Take time to enjoy life". That’s why she was seen everywhere during her school’s recent speech contest and sports meeting remembering the one-year anniversary (周年纪念) of the earthquake. During the May Day holiday, Luo and her friends volunteered to help pick tea for Beichuan farmers in mountainous areas. This year has seen a rise in the tea grown, but not enough people to work on the farms. Many families are busy building their new homes.
Luo said she used to be rebellious (叛逆的), but the earthquake matured (使成熟) her and taught her to care for others. Once a month she goes back home with a little gift for her grandma. "She was scared during the earthquake. I always tell her that she must enjoy a long life after the disaster."
Title： Growing up, one year on
| The ___(1)___of the Wenchuan earthquake |
● ___(2)___many to die; ● Upsetting and scaring many more people |
| Wu Xinnan’s life one year later |
● She likes to___(3)___through the window of her dorm and look out. ● She can’t wait to move in the new classroom which is under ___(4)___. ● Having entered a new school, she couldn’t ___(5)___on her lessons in class, ● She ___(6)___home to stay with her parents only on Saturdays. ● She hardly buys anything because the restaurant ___(7)___his father once worked was destroyed in the earthquake. |
| Luo Qin’s life one year later |
● She was seen in the activities remembering the one-year anniversary of the quake. That’s ___(8)___she has a motto “Take time to enjoy life”. ● She and her friends helped farmers to pick tea for ___(9)___. ● Luo said she used to be unwilling to obey rules and the earthquake made him mature and taught her to ___(10)___care of others, such as her grandma. |
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Energy drinks are now available (可购得的) in nearly every store and they promise to make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. these products have names like Red Bull , Monster, 5-Hour Energy and so on, which appeal mainly to young adults and teenagers.
Chad is a medical researcher who got interested in studying energy drinks because of the explosion (猛增) in their popularing in the last few years.He says he and his research team have found three major things about energy drinks. One: there are huandreds of brands of energy drinks in most major countries. Two: the drinks are not clearly labeled (用标签标明) with enough information such as what are contained in the drink, the date and even t names of their makers. And three: the amount of caffeine ( 加啡因) varies greatly. Some contain as little as fifty milligrams, others as much as five hundred.
Some energy drinks contain a mixture of ingredients (配料) listed as an “energy blend”. But scientists do not know a lot about them and how they interact with each other. These ingredients may be dangerous for people who drink them. What is worse , he says, there is no listing of the amount of each ingredient. Some makers of energy drinks do provide warnings. For example, a popular energy drink warns against use by people who are nursing a baby or under the age of twelve.
Chad and his team suggest labeling energy drinks with the amount of caffeine and other ingredients clearly in order to protect the health of the public. And the government officials are considering their suggestions now.
1. What do the energy drinks promise to do? (no more than 10 words)
______________________________________________________________
2. Why did Chad get interested in studying energy drinks? (no more than12 words)
_______________________________________________________________
3. Who are the main users of energy drinks? (no more than5 words)
_______________________________________________________________
4. Please explain the underlined word “interact” in English. (no more than8 words)
[1]A long time ago, there was an Emperor who told his horseman that if he could ride on his horse and cover as much land area as he liked, then the Emperor would give him the area of land he covered. Sure enough, the horseman quickly jumped onto his horse and rode as fast as possible to cover 78 . He kept on riding and riding, whipping the horse to go as fast as possible. When he was hungry or tired, he did not stop because he wanted to cover as much area as possible. Finally he came to a point when he had covered a substantial area and he was exhausted and was dying. Then he asked himself, "Why did I push myself so hard to cover so much land area? Now I am dying and I only need a very small area to bury myself."
[2]The above story is similar with the journey of our Life. We push very hard everyday to make more money, to gain power and recognition. We neglect our health, time with our family and to appreciate the surrounding beauty and the hobbies we love.
[3]One day when we look back, we will realize that we don't really need that much, but then we cannot turn back time for what
we have missed.
[4]Life is not about making money, acquiring power or recognition. Life is definitely not about work! work is only necessary to keep us living so as to enjoy the beauty and pleasures of life. Life is a balance of work and play, family and personal time. You have to decide how you want to balance your Life. Define your priorities, realize what you are able to compromise but always let some of your decisions be based on your instincts. Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim of human existence.
[5]So, take it easy, do what you want to do and appreciate nature. Life is fragile, Life is short. Do not take life for granted. Live a balanced lifestyle , and enjoy life!
1.What is the passage mainly about? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
2.Complete the following statement with words from Paragraph3.(no more than 5 words)
It is too late to regret ______ when we realize we have wasted so much time on what we really don’t need.
3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 1 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________
4.List one of the suggestions that the author gives for our life. (no more than 12 words)
______________________________________________________________
5.What does the words “he”(Line 1, Paragraph 1) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的题目要求回答小题。
（1）While adults need to eat breakfast each day to perform their best, kids need it even more． Their growing bodies and developing brain rely heavily on the regular intake of food． When kids skip breakfast , they can end up going for as long as eighteen hours without food． This period of semi-starvation can create a lot of physical, intellectual, and behavioral problems for them．
（2）If you and your kids regularly skip breakfast to save time or to get a few more minutes of sleep, remember that eating a healthy morning meal will probably save your time in the long run． By recharging your brain and your body, you’ll be more efficient in just about everything you do．
（3）Interestingly, studies show that kids who skip breakfast are late for and absent from school more often than children who eat breakfast on a regular basis． Time invested in breakfast is much more valuable than the few extra minutes of sleep you might get by skipping the morning meal． If you and your kids seem unable to make time for breakfast, consider enrolling your children in a school breakfast program． If possible, pack a breakfast brown-bag the night before so that you and your kids can eat on the way to school and work．
（4）Some people skip breakfast in an effort to lose weight, but actually it is more likely to cause weight gain rather than weight loss． Skipping breakfast is strongly linked to the development of obesity． According to research, skipping meals, especially breakfast, can actually make weight control _______________． Breakfast skippers tend to eat more food than usual at the next meal or eat high-calorie snacks to get rid of hunger．
（5）To teens, especially teenage girls, skipping breakfast may seem like a perfect way to lose weight． It’s important for moms to educate their kids about the importance of the morning meal and role it plays in maintaining good health and preventing obesity．
1． What is mainly discussed in the passage? （no more than 6 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
2． Complete the following statement with proper words． （no more than 3 words）
Sparing some t
ime ______________ is more beneficial to you than skipping it for more sleep．
3． List three reasons why many kids and adults skip breakfast． （no more than 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
4．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words． （no more than 4 words）
____________________________________________________________________________
5． What does the underlined word “it” in
the last paragraph probably refer to? （no more than 3 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答
题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Most American teenagers use
d to spend their summer vacations holding multiple jobs. However, with the increase in gas prices, teenagers chose to stay at home instead of going out of the town. “I wish the prices would .The expense of driving to places is affecting our daily life.”said Alicia, still a senior at Enochs High School in Modesto, California.
Alicia, who spent her summer at her dad’s house, said that there would be no point in getting a job. “The drive to my workplace is so long that I would hardly be making any profit because all my money would be going toward gas,”she said.
Teenagers are now forced to give up the pleasure of driving around the town without purpose.“In
stead of driving around looking for something to do, I now find myself planning the way in advance so I don’t waste necessary gas,” said Stephen Macko, a student at Davis High School in Modesto.
What kinds of things are teenagers doing in order to conserve gas? Alicia saves gas by doing all of her things at one time so she doesn’t have to go home and leave again.
“I try to do it all in one trip so I don’t have to always be running around and wasting gas,”she said.“I know that when I go to lunch with my friends, we make sure to go somewhere near all of our houses so we save gas.”“But it’s hard, considering I drive a big truck. I also try to get a lift from my friends when they are going to places that I am going to.”said Stephen. Some try not to accelerate too much. Teenagers will have to continue changing their 
lifestyles unless the price of 
gas decreases. However, that might not be a bad thing.What is the best title of this passage? ( Please answer within 10 words.)
Fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. ( Please answer within 7 words.)
Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
Find a sentence in the passage to replace the following one.
There is such a long distance between my home and the workplace that I would make little money if I drive to work since the gas will cost all the money I earn.
List one example of what some teenagers do to save gas.
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster, families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families)，child less families, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II(1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing tip. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.
The Changes of the American Family
任务型读写(共10小题；每空1分, 满分10分)
阅读下列短文, 根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词。注意：表格中的每个空格只填1个单词。
Being on bad terms with your neighbors can make your life frustrating day after day. But taking the time to establish a good relationship with your neighbors has a good many benefits. The community will be friendlier, the neighborhood safer, and the area a nicer place to live in. ’There are some suggestions t0 develop a good relationship with your neighbors.
Whether you're new in the neighborhood or new residents who have just moved into your block, introduce yourself. Say hello, offer a welcoming gift and share or ask about the local area.
Sometimes, you can remedy (补救) problems before they even start; for example, if you do a lot of yard work, let them know in advance and mention that if it's getting too loud, they shouldn't hesitate to let you know.
Be aware of the shared walls, if you and your neighbors share adjacent (相邻的) living spaces. and try to put noisy household appliances such as washing machines and tumble dryers away from the shared walls.
Keep your pet dog on a leash (皮带) if it has a habit of running rampant on your neighbors’ lawns, especially if they have a pet cat or a pet dog of their own, and ensure to clean up after it.
When you park your vehicle, be sure not to block anyone's access, or make them have to pull out of a very tight spot. Don't slam (砰地关上) your car doors late at night.
Weed your garden in a regular way, because the presence of weeds in your yard is not only unsightly but can also spread to your neighbor's yard.
Really good neighbors watch out for each other. They offer to help, especially on matters that impact the larger neighborhood and look for opportunities to communicate. Great neighbors make for great neighborhoods.
| Topic：To be a good neighbor |
|
| Importance of |
★ Being on ★ A good relationship with neighbors has numerous benefits, |
| Steps to develop a good relationship with your neighbors |
★ Introduce yourself when you are in a new place. ★ Care about others and 1et them know they can point out your problems without any ★ Be ★ Make ★ When you park your car late at night, ★ Weed your garden |
| Conclusions |
★ Good neighbors have a(n) ★ Great neighbors |
阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求将答案答题（请注意问题后的要求）
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before. But just as in face–to-face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when online.
The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes. For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” If the answer is “no”, rewrite and reread. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct（本能反应）is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. If it was caused by disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
If you do decide to tell someone in the chat room about a mistake, point it out politely. At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended.
It is not polite such as their age, sex, and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.What’s the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)
Why should we ask ourselves “Would I say this to the person’s face?” when we are to send a message online? (Please answer within 20 words.)
Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
Which rule do you think is the best? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)
___________________________________________________________________Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
Marley is a businessman. His business is freezing people. He works for a company in California called Trans Time. Trans Time freezes people after they die. Why does Trans Time freeze people? Doctors today can cure many diseases, but they cannot cure all diseases. People still get sick and die. Maybe in the future doctors will have medicine for all diseases. Some people think so. They want Trans Time to freeze their bodies after they die. Maybe 100 or 200, or 300 years later, Trans Time doctors will bring the people back to life. The doctors will cure their diseases, and the people will be alive and healthy again.
People often ask the scientists at the Trans Time, “How will Trans Time bring dead people back to life?” They say, “We can freeze a healthy animal and bring it back to life. We think that someday it will be possible with human.” When they say “someday”, they mean years from now — maybe 100 or 200 years. How can Trans Time keep people frozen for 200 years?
After a person dies, workers at Trans Time cool the body with ice and chemicals. When the body is very cold, workers put the body into a capsule (密封舱). They fill the capsule with liquid nitrogen (液氮). The temperature in it is 196 degrees centigrade below zero. Every two weeks workers add more liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen keeps the bodies frozen.
Trans Time charges $21,000 to freeze a body and $59,000 to keep a body frozen. That’s $80,000 all together. It is a lot of money. But some people think that $80,000 is a fair price. It’s a fair price for a chance to live again, isn’t it?What kind of people does Trans Time serve? (No more than 2 words)
How much should one pay together, if he wants his body to be cooled and kept by Trans Time?
(No more than 2 words)
Why do people want to be frozen? (No more than 9 words)
What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (No more than 6 words)
It’s easy to see how the sawfish got its name. These frightful creatures can grow to be more than 6 meters long. Their bodies are flat and winged, like underwater airplanes. And their noses are shaped like chainsaws.
Sawfish are food hunters of the sea. When a sawfish is hungry, it waves its sharp-toothed snout（口鼻部）through a group of fish. Then, it lifts its nose and uses its mouth to draw the injured victims.
Hardy（适应力强的）population of sawfish thrived in warm waters along coastlines around the world for thousands of years. Over the past 200 years, however, human actions have severely endangered sawfish. Threats include fishing nets that trap the huge animals, often by mistake.
Some people collect sawfish’s snouts as prizes: One snout recently sold for nearly $ 1,600 online. In some Asian cultures, the toothy snouts are used in ceremonies to drive evil and disease away. And sawfish are also delicious. A growing demand in Asia for the fish’s fins for a pricey soup has contributed to the fish’s loves. Compared with other fish, sawfish give birth late in life and at slow rates, which makes it hard for them to recover from overfishing.
New efforts now aim to restore sawfish population. Beginning next month, an international agreement will provide protection for all seven of the world’s sawfish species. Scientists are hoping that it’s not too late to save the sawfish.
Until 1998, “this fish had never been formally studied in the United States,” says Tonya Wiley of the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Fla. “We didn’t know such basic things as where they live, what habitat they use, how often they breed, how many young they have — even what age sawfish are when they begin breeding.”
Through historical studies and field research, scientists have become aware of how much the fish’s numbers have decreased. Today, there may be 90 percent fewer sawfish than there used to be. Wiley estimates that only 3,000 to 6,000 sawfish remain in US waters.
Sawfish
| Descriptions |
Size |
|||
| Body: Flat and winged |
Nose: Like a chainsaw |
|||
| Attacking fish with |
||||
| Drawing the injured victims with its mouth |
||||
| Sawfish’s snout relates business |
||||
| Its |
||||
| Only 10 % sawfish left |
||||
| 3,000 to 6,000 remain in US waters |
||||
| Efforts |
Measure |
|||
| Restoring sawfish population |
||||
任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。(每空格不得超过1个单词)
Manners in every country are different. What is polite in China may not be polite in the United States. These basic rules will help you enjoy Western food with your American friends.
Always put the napkin (餐巾 ) on your lap first. Before you leave the table, fold your napkin and put it beside your plate.
Wait until everyone has been served to begin eating. Everyone begins to eat at the same time. The host or hostess may invite you to start eating before everyone is served. Some foods may be cold if you wait until everyone is served. If invited to begin before others are served, wait until three or four people have been served before starting to eat,
When eating something in a bowl, do not leave the spoon in the bowl. Put it on the plate under the bowl. Do not slurp (出声地喝) the soup. Do not overfill the spoon. Do not pick the bowl up to hold it closer to your mouth. When you have finished your meal, place your knife and fork side by side on the plate. This signals that you have finished eating.
Sit up straight at the table. Bring the food up to your mouth. Do not bend down to your plate.
Cut large pieces of meat, potatoes and vegetables into bite-sized pieces. Eat the pieces one at a time.
When eating noodles, wind (缠) the noodles up on your fork. You may use your spoon to help wind the noodles around your fork. The noodles on your fork should be eaten in one bite（一口）. It is very impolite to eat half your noodles and allow the other half to fall back on your plate.
Do not lean on your arm while eating. You may rest your hand on the edge of the table.
Some of the rules mentioned here may be somewhat relaxed in informal settings.
The best way to learn good manners is to watch others. Observe the way your American friends eat. In this way, you won’t make mistakes when you are unsure of what to do.
| Title |
American table |
| Introduction |
There are many |
| |
● Always put the napkin on your lap, and put the folded napkin beside the plate before ● Eat together. If someone invites you to begin before others are served, you should still ● Put the spoon on the plate under the bowl ● When you have finished your meal, place your knife and fork side by side on the plate, which ● Sit up straight at the table. Never ● It is ● Do not lean on your arm while eating. |
| The best way to learn table manners |
Observe how your American friends behave when they eat. In this way, you won’t make mistakes when you are not |
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers(剑). Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位) when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family. “Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behaviour,” says family psychologist John Taylor. “Children,” he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness and a desire to feel safe. It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.”
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
So for the sake of the children, parents should be strict with them in a suitable way and get more knowledge to be good parents.
Title: 1
| Kinds |
◊ 2.______ bossy children with an inheritable trait; ◊ developed bossy children. |
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| Behaviors |
◊ having a strong need to make decisions; ◊ 3.______; ◊ leading rather than following; ◊ not 4.______ at home. |
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| 5.______ |
Children |
Parents |
| ◊ fear(the basic cause) ◊ 6.______ ◊ a desire to feel safe |
◊ weakness, hesitation and disagreement with each other; ◊ less power over the children; ◊ 7.______ about parenting skills. |
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| Influences |
◊ having trouble dealing with others or keeping friends; ◊ feeling 8.______. |
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| 9. ______ for parents |
◊ being strict with children in a suitable way; ◊ providing protection; ◊ learning to be 10.______. |
任务型阅读。（此题为附加题，考生必做，并计入总分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
Want your kids to sleep better at night? Turn off the TV. That's the conclusion of a new study from Finland showing that merely having a television on in the house，even if the kids aren't actively watching it，can be enough to disturb their sleep patterns significantly.
Childcare specialists are very specific about the amount of hours children of a given age should spend in front of the television and the kinds of shows they should be watching. But few people have looked closely at what happens when a TV is simply on in the background - either being watched by an adult or， just as commonly， by no one at all.
In a study published in the Journal of Sleep Research， Finnish investigators tried to get at that question， surveying 321 parents of 5-and 6-year-old children to determine the families' viewing patterns and the effect this had on the kids' sleep habits.
All of the families in the study watched a pretty fair amount of TV，with at least one television in the house switched on for an average of 4.2 hrs. per day. On average a child actively watched TV for 1. 4 of those houre and was passively exposed to TV for at least another 1. 4 hrs. In 21 % of the homes，the kids had a TV of their own in the bedroom.
All that exposure，it turns out. was doing the kids' sleep patterns no favors. In general,
hours of passive or active viewing was. the more problems young children had falling asleep. staying asleep，waking up in the morning and avoiding fatigue during the day.
But not all TV viewing was equal. Watching TV alone or at bedtime had greater negative impact on sleep. Unusually high passive exposure - 2. 1 hrs. per day or more - was particularly associated with sleep disturbances. especially when they were adult shows to which the kids 
were exposed. What's the main purpose of the author to w
rite this passage? (No more than 15 words)
Complete the following statement with proper words. (No more than 4 words)
The experts care more about and the kinds of shows when talking about children's watching TV. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (No more than 6 words)
.What does the underlined words "that question" refer to? (No more than 15 words)
.What had greater bad effect on sleep? (No more than 7 words)
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