We might like to think we're not influenced by other people, but a new study into the group-buying mechanisms（机制） - like those used on coupon（优惠券） sites such as Groupon and LivingSocial - reveals that telling buyers who come later to the offer how many have already signed up increases the number of purchasers.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management wanted to understand why group buying sites that have entered the market recently have enjoyed greater success than those operating a decade ago, such as Mercata and MobShop.
Earlier attempts typically left potential buyers waiting for days before confirming whether or not they had got the offer they had signed up for.
“We think one of the reasons group-buying has been successful recently is because of the short time horizon,” says Rotman Professor Ming Hu, who co-wrote the study with Professor Mengze Shi and PhD student Jiahua Wu. “It allows for a herding effect.”
Another reason is the use of an information structure that discloses to later arrivals how many have already signed onto the deal.
Researchers looked at two ways of designing the purchasing mechanism for a group buy:a simultaneous mechanism, where no one knows how many buyers have come before them, and asequential（连续的） mechanism, where a second group of buyers has the advantage of knowing the size of the first group.
The researchers' analytical（分析的） model shows the most successful mechanism is the sequential one because it eliminates uncertainty for those coming later to the deal, and improves the confidence of those who sign on early, as they're able to track the numbers of those who come after them.
“That boosts confidence,” says Professor Hu, who teaches operations management. Deals for "luxury" services, versus everyday items, work better in a group buy scenario（方案） because they offer consumers a greater benefit.It can be learned from the text that ______.
| A．the short time horizon is the reason why group-buying has been successful. |
| B．a simultaneous mechanism is where a group of buyers has the advantage of knowing how many people have signed up. |
| C．a sequential mechanism allows a herding effect which boosts the confidence of the buyers. |
| D．researchers at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management carried out an experiment about why group buying sites entered the market successfully, such as Mercata and MobShop. |
The underlined word “eliminates” in paragraph 7 probably means“______”.
| A．to become or to make something greater in amount, number, value |
| B．to remove or get rid of something |
| C．to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering |
| D．to make something known to somebody |
What can be the best title for the passage?
| A．Secret for marketing success – boosting confidence. |
| B．Secret for group-buying mechanism—herding effect. |
| C．Comparison between a simultaneous mechanism and a sequential mechanism. |
| D．What others do influences our decisions. |
完形填空
My name is Wang Gang. Last summer, I went to a coastal city called Brisbane in Australia on an exchange(交换) program. I stayed with Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their daughter Joan. They lived in a big house close to the . I like that area very much, because there is a cinema, a swimming pool and a .
I got along very well with Joan. We shared many interests. Almost every day, we went swimming in the swimming pool. Sometimes we swam in the sea if the was nice. We went to the zoo and I really seeing those wild animals and the ones. I saw those cute koalas and kangaroos, but I didn't get close to them people said actually koalas were not as gentle as they . They might bite people. We also went to the cinema a couple of times and I really liked the films there.
We visited Sydney on a sunny day. Brisbane is about 1 000 kilometres from Sydney, so it's not a short distance. , we went there by plane. The journey by plane was quite fast and________ and it took us only two hours to get there. When I got the plane, I was so excited to see this modern city. The next day, we visited the famous Sydney Opera House. It was amazing!
The in Sydney was absolutely beautiful and the food there was well-cooked. My favourite was sea fish. The Smiths were very nice to me. They even ________ me to some very expensive lobster(龙虾). That was the first time I ________lobster, and I ________ say it was really delicious.
The whole trip was very enjoyable ________ the last day. We planned to go boating on the sea. However, it rained the whole day. We ________ in the hotel that day and chatted. In the end, we decided to go back to Brisbane by ________ , because the ticket was cheaper and also we could enjoy the scenery outside the train windows.
On the whole, I really had a great time in Australia. It was a ________ trip. I'd like to go back there again!
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附加题
When I was a law professor, a student reported that I made an error in grading his exam by giving him too many points. He was _____ and after thanking him for his honesty, I changed the ______ in my records. His beaming (欢笑的) face turned to _____. “You’re lowering my grade?” he said angrily. “I would never have come in ______ ……”. He didn’t finish the _____, but it was obvious that his display of honesty was false. He thought he’d have it all— praise and the ______ grade. Several colleagues thought I should have let the higher grade _____ because all I’d accomplished was to discourage him from being ______ in the future. And every time I tell this _____, some people agree with this remark. But I can’t see how I could give good ______ for worsening my mistake in grading by undermining (损害) the honesty of all my grades by failing to ______ an error. The grade itself would be a dishonest ______ of his knowledge and it would have been _____to other students. How could I possibly give a student a gift of an_____ grade? I know _____ reporting an error in one’s favor is unusual, but, like ______ extra change, it’s clearly the right thing to do. People of character, those with real honesty, hate to give up benefits as ______ as anyone else. The difference is that for them a good conscience and reputation is _____enough to give reason for the cost of doing the right thing. Perhaps lowering the student’s grade did ______ him from being honest in the future, but bribing (贿赂) him to be honest so that he does the right thing when it’s cost-free would have _____him even more. The duty to be honest is about right and wrong, not risks and rewards.
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The journey of water on the earth can be a mirror of our own paths through life. Like a river that flows within the boundaries of its banks, we are born with certain characteristics that _ __ our identity. We move through life, _ __ many twists, turns, and barriers along the way just as a river does.
Water shows us how to move through the world with grace, bravery, determination, and __ __. Water is brave and does not waste time sticking to its past, but flows onward without looking back. When there is a hole to be filled, water does not run away from it in fear of the dark; _ _, water modestly and bravely fills the empty space. Similarly, we can face the dark moments of our life rather than run away from them.
_ _, a river will empty into the sea. Water does not hold back from joining up with a larger body, nor does it fear a loss of _ __ or control. It gracefully and modestly falls into the vastness by contributing its energy without hesitation. Each time we move __ _ our personal characters to become part of something bigger, we can try our best to _ _ the lead of the river.
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As we all know “ The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.” and “ 26 every successful man there is a woman.” Both these 27 mean the same things. Men rule the 28__ , but their wives rule them.
Chinese people and other foreigners often say, 29_ of the American women like making their husbands and sons successful, but some of them want 30__ for themselves. They want good 31 . When they work they want to 32__ better paid. They want to be as 33__ as men.
In the 1960s, the American women’s liberation 34 was started by women who don’t want to 35 behind successful men. They want to stand beside them, with the same 36__ for success. They don’t want to be told that certain jobs or 37__ are closed to them. They refused to work side by side with men who do the 38 work for higher pay.
In America, a liberation woman must be 39 of being a woman and have confidence in herself. If somebody says to her, “ You have come a long 40 , baby”, she will 41 and answer, “Not nearly as 42 as I am going to go, baby.”
On the other hand , this movement is quite 43 and many American women do not agree. 44__ it has already made some important 45__ in women’s lives.
A．Before B．Beside C．Behind D．Near
A．writings B．words C．letters D．sayings
A．family B．world C．earth D．society
A．most B．few C．all D．none
A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything
A．jobs B．clothes C．food D．houses
A．have B．make C．receive D．be
A．good B．successful C．wonderful D．much
A．activity B．affairs C．movement D．incident
A．cooperate B．work C．help D．stand
A．work B．job C．position D．chance
A．offices B．schools C．shops D．places
A．better B．same C．less D．important
A．tired B．afraid C．proud D．fond
A．place B．walk C．way D．journey
A．smile B．cry C．sob D．laugh
A．long B．far C．soon D．much
A．new B．good C．important D．pleasing
A．So B．And C．But D．Or
A．progress B．improvement C．decisions D．changes
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The first couple of weeks in my writing classes are always a bit unsettling.I’m unfamiliar________ the students, most of them trying to________ themselves to their new environment. When Jennifer ________ me with a question on the second day, I was________ for the chance toconnect at least one name with a face.
Her writing wasn’t perfect, ________ her effort was. She worked hard and pushed herself to achieve. She was excited to ________, which made me enjoy teaching her. I didn’t ________ then how much she would also teach me.
One Friday afternoon, Jennifer ________ after class. She wasn’t clarifying anassignment or asking a question about a paper I’d returned. ________, she said quietly:“I didn’t attend classes yesterday. I was at the health center the whole day.”I gave her a sideways look, ________.“It was just a virus.I’m fine now,” she ________ me. Then she was gone.
Two nights later, her father called to tell me that Jennifer would be ________ a few classes. She had been hospitalized with meningitis(脑膜炎). I________ him again a few days later, and again after that.Her condition grew worse. We made trips to the hospital room. I was ________ terrified when I saw the pale, thin and weak girl who,only ten days earlier, had displayed life and ________ in my classroom.
A week later, Jennifer herself called me to tell me she was on the road to ________ .“I’ll be back,” she insisted. “I have no ________ ,”I told her, fighting back tears. I remembered what her father had said in his first phone call: “School________ everything to Jenny.”
Then five weeks later, I walked into my classroom to find Jenny in her seat, smiling. I caught my breath as her rail-thin body approached my desk,and she ________ all of her missed assignments, completed with thought and excellence. The ________ of her will to overcome shone out of her pale, weak, eighteen-year-old face.
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Employers fear they will be unable to recruit (招募) students with the skills they need as the economic recovery kicks in, a new survey ___21___.
Nearly half of the organizations told researchers they were already struggling to find ___22___ with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), ___23___ even more companies expect to experience ___24___ of employees with STEM skills in the next three years.
The Confederation of British Industry___25___694 businesses and organizations across the public and ___26___sectors , which together employ 2.4 million people.
Half are ___27___ they will not be able to fill graduate posts in the coming years, while a third said they would not be able to ___28___ enough employees with the right A-level skills.
“___29___ we move further role recovery and businesses plan ___30___ growth, the demand for people with high-quality skills and qualifications will ___31___.” said Richard Lambert, Director General, CBI. “Firms say it is already hard to find people with the right ___32___ or engineering skills. The new government must make it a top ___33___ to encourage more young people to study science-related ___34___.”
The survey found that young people would improve their job prospects (预期) ___35___ they studied business, maths, English and physics or chemistry at A-level. The A-levels that employers ___36___least are psychology and sociology. And while many employers don’t insist on a ___37___ degree subject . A third prefer to hire those with a STEM-related subject.
The research ___38___ worries about the lack of progress in improving basic skills in the UK ___39___. Half of the employer expressed worries about employees’ basic literacy and numeracy（计算) skills, while the biggest problem is with IT skills, ___40___ two-thirds reported concerns.
A．submits B．reveals C．launches D．relieves
A．audience B．officials C．partners D．staff
A．while B．because C．for D．although
A．exits B．shortages C．absences D．sources
A．surveyed B．searched C．exposed D．expanded
A．collective B．private C．personal D．civil
A．conducted B．combined C．concerned D．confused
A．provide B．reach C．transfer D．hire
A．Lest B．Unless C．Before D．As
A．with B．for C．on D．by
A．control B．stretch C．ensure D．heighten
A．creative B．technical C．narrative D．physical
A．priority B．option C．challenge D．judgment
A．procedures B．academics C．thoughts D．subjects
A．until B．since C．whereas D．if
A．rate B．discuss C．order D．observe
A．typical B．particular C．positive D．general
A．highlighted B．described C．focused D．touched
A．masses B．workforce C．faculty D．communities
A．what B．whom C．where D．why
Dear Dad,
I was very upset when I received your letter. I knew you 46 not like my results, but I didn’t realize you and Mum were so 47 with me. This has made me 48 very carefully about myself, and now I 49 how silly I have been.
My poor 50 have come from my own 51 . Of course, I want to do my best. I want you and Mum to be proud 52 me, but somehow when I get to school I just can’t keep my 53 on the subject and I stop 54 the teacher. So many other things seem so much more 55 , but I know that I must not 56 the chance you and Mum have given me. If I don’t work very hard 57 the next few months, I am going to get 58 results. So I am going to study hard this summer. And I will show Mum anything 59 I can’t understand so that she can give me help.
I 60 you will allow me to play some basketball. I think I need some exercise, 61 _ I will control the time I 62 on it properly.
If you want me to stop meeting Cindy, I will — but there is 63 serious. We are just good friends, and she often helps me 64 my schoolwork.
Dad, I am really sorry I have made you angry. I’m going to try my best to 65 my study. I promise that I will make you proud of me soon.
Yours,
Jimmy
A．will B．would C．need D．should
A．angry B．upset C．strict D．happy
A．talk B．speak C．think D．hear
A．receive B．believe C．insist D．realize
A．results B．memories C．parents D．friends
A．stubbornness B．carelessness C．laziness D．illness
A．of B．with C．in D．for
A．head B．mind C．eyes D．heart
A．listening to B．to listen to C．hearing D．to hear
A．boring B．dull C．beautiful D．interesting
A．find B．share C．waste D．afford
A．during B．at C．through D．until
A．better B．best C．poorer D．poorest
A．which B．that C．whom D．what
A．wish B．advise C．hope D．decide
A．and B．but C．so D．because
A．spend B．take C．cost D．pay
A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
A．in B．on C．with D．by
A．develop B．improve C．interest D．finish
完形填空(共20小題；每小題I. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空内处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Dunstan Cass left the cottage, Silas Marner was only a hundred meters away. He was walking home from the village, where he had 21 to buy what he needed 22 his next day’s work. His legs were tired, but he felt almost happy. He was looking forward to 23 ,when he would bring out his gold. Tonight he had an extra reason to hurry home. He was going to eat hot meat, which was 24 for him. And it would 25 him nothing, because someone had given him a piece of meat as a present. He left it 26 over the fire. The door key was needed to hold it safe in place, but Cass was not at all 27 about leaving his gold in the cottage with the door 28 . He could not imagine that a thief would 29 his way through the mist, rain and darkness to the little cottage by the quarry (釆石场).
When he reached his cottage and opened the door, he did not notice 30 anything was different. He 31 his wet coat, and pushed the meat 32 the fire. 33 he was warm again, he began to think about his gold. It seemed a long time to wait until after super, when he usually brought out coins to look at. 34 he decided to bring out his gold immediately, while the meat was still cooking.
But when he 35 the floorboards near the loom (织布机)，and saw the 36 hole ,he did not understand 37 . His heart beat violently as his trembling hands felt all round the hole. There was 38 ！ He put his hands to his head and tried to think. Had he put his gold in a different place, and forgotten about it? He 39 every corner of this small cottage, until he could not pretend to himself any more. He had to accept the truth 一 his gold had been 40 ！
A．arrived B．been C．left D．gone
A．to B．in C．for D．with
A．holiday B．home C．supper-time D．meat
A．ordinary B．unusuall C．normal D．common
A．boiling B．cooking C．smoking D．making
A．interesting B．worried C．interested D．worrying
A．unlocked B．uncovered C．discovered D．locked
A．go B．lead C．find D．lose
A．whether B．that C．because D．as
A．turned off B．threw into C．threw off D．got off
A．away from B．farther on C．on to D．closer to
A．As soon as B．As well as C．As far as D．As long as
A．But B．As C．So D．For
A．took down B．took off C．took over D．took up
A．dark B．empty C．small D．deep
A．at last B．at once C．at most D．at least
A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything
A．searched B．gathered C．researched D．found
A．Gone B．missing C．lost D．stolen
完形填空：（每个小题1分，共20分）
One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 21 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction, 22 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 23 in front of him, which he was 24 to read , but I could 25 that he was keeping an eye on me . when the waiter brought my 26 the man was clearly puzzled (困惑) by the 27 way in which the waiter and I 28 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 29 went on and it became 30 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 31 . When he came out , he paid his bill and 32 without another glance in my direction .
I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 33 . “Well,” he said , “that man was a detective (侦探) . He 34 you here because he though you were the man he 35 .” “What ?” I said , showing my 36 . The owner continued , “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 37 say he looked very much like you ! Of course , since we know you , we told him that he had made a 38 .” “Well , it’s really 39 I came to a restaurant where I’m known ,” I said . “ 40 , I might have been in trouble .”
A．knew B．understood C．noticed D．recognized
A．since B．even if C．though D．as if
A．flat B．open C．cut D．fixed
A．hoping B．thinking C．pretending D．continuing
A．see B．find C．guess D．learn
A．menu B．bill C．paper D．food
A．direct B．familiar C．strange D．funny
A．chatted with B．looked at C．laughed at D．talked about
A．the waiter B．time C．I D．the dinner
A．true B．hopeful C．clear D．possible
A．restaurant B．washroom C．office D．kitchen
A．left B．acted C．sat down D．calmed down
A．wanted B．tried C．ordered D．wished
A．met B．caught C．followed D．discovered
A．was to beat B．was dealing with C．was to meet D．was looking for
A．care B．surprise C．worry D．regret
A．must B．can C．need D．may
A．discovery B．mistake C．decision D．fortune
A．a pity B．natural C．a chance D．lucky
A．Thus B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore
There was a woman named Japan Atsuko Saeki living in the city of Fujisawa．When she was a teenager, she of going to the United States．Most of what she knew about American was from the textbooks she had read．“I had a in mind: Daddy watching TV in the living-room, Mummy cakes and their teenage daughter off to the cinema with her boyfriend．”
Atsuko __to attend college in California．When she arrived, however, she found it was not her world．“People were struggling with problems and often seemed ,” she said．“I felt very alone．”
One of her hardest was physical education．“We played volleyball,” she said．“The other students were it, but I wasn’t．”
One afternoon, the instructor asked Atsuko to the ball to her teammates so they could knock it the net．No problem for most people, but it terrified Atsuko．She was afraid of losing face __she failed．
A young man on her team what she was going through．“He walked up to me and , ‘Come on．You can do that．’”
“You will never understand how those words of made me feel…Four words: You can do that．I felt like crying with happiness．”
She made it through the class．Perhaps she thanked the young man; she is not ．
Six years have passed．Atsuko is back in Japan, working as a salesclerk．“I have forgotten the words,” she said．“When things are not going so well, I think of them．”
She is sure the young man had no idea how much his kindness to her． “He probably doesn’t even remember it,” she said．That may be the lesson．Whenever you say something to a person cruel or kind—you have no idea how long the words will ．She’s all the way over in Japan, but still she hears those four words: You can do that．
A．learned B．dreamed C．spoken D．heard
A．picture B．education C．life D．spirit
A．photo B．painting C．way D．drawing
A．frying B．baking C．steaming D．boiling
A．hoped B．attempted C．liked D．arranged
A．described B．created C．imagined D．discovered
A．tense B．cheerful C．relaxed D．deserted
A．classes B．questions C．times D．projects
A．curious about B．nervous about C．slow at D．good at
A．kick B．hit C．carry D．pass
A．over B．into C．through D．past
A．if B．after C．because D．until
A．believed B．considered C．sensed D．wondered
A．warned B．whispered C．ordered D．sighed
A．excitement B．suggestion C．persuasion D．encouragement
A．interested B．sure C．puzzled D．doubtful
A．seldom B．already C．never D．almost
A．happened B．applied C．meant D．seemed
A．stay B．continue C．exist D．live
A．merciful B．bitter C．easy D．simple
At the edge of a forest, stood a big tree. Its branches spread out majestically (庄严地) and so did its roots. It people from the sun under its shady leaves, and provided to countless birds and other small creatures in its branches. It was very excited with activity all the time.
At the foot of the tree grew a little plant. The plant was tall, thin, graceful and easily , and tended to fall over at the of the slightest wind.
One day, the two neighbours were having a little chat.
“ Well, little one, ” said the tree to the plant, “ Why do you not plant your feet deeply in the ground, and raise your head in the air as I do?”
“ I see no need to do so,” the plant with a smile. “ , I think I may be safer this way.”
“ Safer!” sneered (讥讽) the tree. “ Are you that you’re safer than I am? Do you know how deep my roots are , how thick and strong my trunk is? two men hold hands they would not be able to surround my trunk. Who could possibly pull me out by the roots or my head to the ground?”
And the tree turned away from the plant in .
But the tree was to its words very soon. One evening a great hurricane in the region. It threw the trees off their roots and almost completely destroyed the forest. It uprooted the tree and it away with great force.
When the storm had passed, the villagers living nearby the damage. Strong trees that had once almost touched the sky, were now reduced to stumps (残根）or . The dead animals were found everywhere in the .
But there was one . The little plant. The plant had been moved from side to side under the hurricane, and bent completely. But when the hurricane ended, it sighed and stood upright again.
No trace remained of its powerful neighbour .
A．hide B．protect C．prevent D．defend
A．shade B．food C．shelter D．space
A．broken B．destroyed C．grown D．planted
A．reach B．blow C．touch D．knock
A．bravely B．straightly C．gratefully D．delightedly
A．explained B．shouted C．said D．whispered
A．Gradually B．Actually C．Generally D．Finally
A．concluding B．finding C．guessing D．suggesting
A．placed B．hidden C．buried D．planted
A．Even if B．Although C．Because D．When
A．put B．bow C．lead D．get
A．anger B．surprise C．belief D．relief
A．keep B．regret C．break D．follow
A．blew B．arrived C．arose D．appeared
A．turned B．pushed C．threw D．blew
A．counted B．saw C．observed D．surveyed
A．worse B．more C．less D．better
A．tree B．forest C．plant D．plain
A．plant B．example C．exception D．tree
A．then B．finally C．gradually D．Though
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For a few years，I have been wearing a ring on my right hand．It’s not always the same ring，but it's always a ring that has on it so that when I look at it，I'm or reminded of something important．I have made a of buying rings like this whenever I one in a store．Sometimes I give them away as to someone like Jennie .
I first met Jennie in the waiting room and we had talked several times．One night I sat down beside her and ______how her son was doing because I knew that he was in very condition．She told me that she didn’t know what to do any more because it seemed none of the from the doctors was good．They weren’t at all sure her son was going to the accident that had hurt him so badly．With _______ in her eyes，she said，“They’re ____my hope.” I knew then that it was just a coincidence that 1 was wearing the ring that I had on that day．As she to talk ,I quietly slipped the ring off my finger and it in Jennie’s hand. I told her to wear it to that God loved her and he would be with her through all of this ._____Jennie looked down at the ring，she got excited and then held it tightly,__ the word written on the ring was “HOPE”．
The last day 1 was at the hospital，I saw Jennie in the distance as I got on the lift．She and held up the hand with the ring on it as she called out to me saying，“Look，I have Hope!”
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B
People always talk about what they look for in close friendships，what they from friends，what they are willing to giveas the of what they have taken and how satisfied they are with the quality of their friendships．
Friendship is a(n) form of human relation．Unlike marriage or the ties between parents and children，it is not defined or by law．Unlike other roles that we are expected to play in society as citizens，employees and members of organizations，it has its own principle，which is to feelings of warmth，trust，love and affection between two people．
Findings in a recent survey that topics of trust and betrayal are central to friendship．It is also suggested that human do not look for friends only among those who are most like them；
，we find many who in race，religion，and ethnic background．
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完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题所给的四个选项(A、 B、C 和 D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Being a physician who flies much often, a lot of my time is spent on planes listening for that fearful “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been ________only once --- for a woman who had merely fainted(昏厥). But the ________ made me quite curious about how________this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if ________ with a real mid-air medical emergency --- without access ________ a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So ________ the New England Journal of Medicine last week________a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with ________.
The study estimated that there are a(n) ________of thirty in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not ________; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints. ________13% of them --- roughly four a day --- are serious enough to ________ a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies ________ heart trouble, strokes, and difficult breathing.
Let’s face it: plane rides are ________. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly ________they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty ________, but passengers with heart disease ________experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. ________ common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis(静脉血栓) --- the so-called economy class syndrome. ________ happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent laws, flights with at ________one attendant are starting to install(安装) emergency medical equipment to treat heart attacks.
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