In a surprising discovery about where higher life can survive, scientists have found a shrimp -like creature and a jellyfish swimming beneath an Antarctic ice sheet.
About 180 meters below the ice where no light can get through, scientists had figured nothing much more than a few microbes (微生物) could exist.
That’s why a NASA team was surprised when they lowered a video camera to get the first long look at the underbelly of an ice sheet in Antarctica. A curious shrimp – like creature came swimming by and then parked itself on the camera’s cable. Scientists also pulled up a tentacle (触须) they believe came from a jellyfish.
“We were operating on the presumption that nothing’s there.” Said NASA ice scientist Robert Bindschadler. “It was a shrimp you’d enjoy having on your plate.”
“We were just gaga (狂热的) over it,” he said of the 7.5cm long, orange creature starring in their two – minute video. Technically, it’s not a shrimp. It’s a Lyssianasid amphipod, which is distantly related to the shrimp.
The video is likely to inspire experts to rethink what they know about life in harsh environments. And it has scientists thinking that if shrimp – like creatures can live below 180 meters of Antarctic ice in freezing dark water, what about other cold places? What about Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter?
Cynan Ellis – Evans, a scientist of the British Antarctic Survey called the finding fascinating. He said it was possible the creatures swam in from far away and don’t live there permanently.
But Kim, who is a co-author of the study, doubts it. “The site in West Antarctica is at least 19 km from open seas. Bindschadler drilled a 20 cm – wide hole and was looking at a tiny amount of water. That means it’s unlikely that two creatures swam from great distances and were captured randomly in that small of an area,” she said.
Yet scientist were puzzled at what the food source would be for these creatures. While some microbes can make their own food out of chemicals in the ocean, complex life like the shrimp can’t, Kim said.
“So how do they survive? That’s the key question.” Kim Sai.
“It’s pretty amazing when you find a huge puzzle like that on a planet where we thought we know everything.” Kim said.
61．Scientists had believed that harsh environments could only have been populated by .
A．jellyfish B．mammals C．microbes D．shrimp – like creatures
62．According to Kim, the shrimp – like creature .
A．swam great distances to Antarctic B．has always lived in the region
C．gradually evolved from shrimps D．has nothing in common with shrimps
63．The finding is significant in that .
A．it marks NASA’S first Antarctic biological study
B．it proves there is marine life in the Antarctic
C．it could inspire further study of life in harsh environments
D．it shows that Lyssianasid amphipod is closely related to shrimps
64．The last three paragraphs suggest that .
A．researchers will look at the places the creatures came from
B．ice scientists will drill deeper to find more creatures
C．scientists know very little about the planet they live on
D． further research will be done about what the creatures live on
65．Which of the following statements about the discovery is FALSE?
A．Complex life usually lives on other forms of life.
B．Scientists saw two creatures in the two – minute video.
C．It is possible for creatures to live 180 meters below the ice though there is no light.
D．Scientists captured the shrimp – like creature in a camera by drilling a hole through the ice.
第二节简答题（共4小题; 10分）
阅读短文，根据所要求的字数回答问题。
TV viewers may no longer be able to hear English abbreviations (缩写), like "NBA" (National Basketball Association), from mainland broadcasters.
China Central Television (CCTV) and Beijing Television (BTV) confirmed to China Daily on Tuesday that they had received a notice from a related government department, asking them to avoid using certain English abbreviations in Chinese programs.
The channels, however, did not reveal exactly how many English abbreviations are listed in the notice.
The notice not only limits the use of English abbreviations in sports news, but also in economic and political news. Abbreviations such as "GDP" (gross domestic product), "WTO" (World Trade Organization) and "CPI" (consumer price index) will also be substituted（代替）with their Chinese pronunciations, it said.
The move comes after a growing number of national legislators（立法委员）and political advisors called for preventive measures to preserve（保存）the purity of the Chinese language.
"If we don't pay attention and don't take measures to stop mixing Chinese with English, the Chinese language won't remain pure in a couple of years," said Huang Youyi, editor-in-chief of the China International Publishing Group and secretary-general of the Translators' Association of China.
The restricted use of English abbreviations on Chinese television programs has provoked a debate among scholars.
"It makes no sense to introduce a regulation to prevent the use of English in the Chinese language in the face of globalization（全球化）," Liu Yaoying, a professor at the Communication University of China, said on Tuesday. "It is cultural conservatism（保守主义）。"
"If Western countries can accept some Chinglish words, why can't the Chinese language be mixed with English?"
86. What does the government tell TV stations to do in the notice? (no more than 12 words)
_________________________________________________.
87. In what TV programs English abbreviations are limited? (List three of them)
_________________________________________________.
88. According to Huang Youyi’s opinion, why should we stop using English abbreviations?
(no more than 10 words)
_________________________________________________.
89. “Chinglish” in the last sentence means __________________. (no more than 10 words)
What will man be like in the future-in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is relatively short period of time, so we may suppose that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with use. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.
71. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. man's life will be different in the future
B. future man will look quite different from us
C. man is growing taller as time passes
D. man will disappear
72. What serves as the evidence（证据）that man is changing?
A. Man has got stronger eyes now than he ever had.
B. Man's hair is getting thinner and thinner.
C. Man's arms and legs have become lighter and weaker.
D. Man has been growing taller over the past 500 years.
73. The change in man's size of forehead is probably because ________.
A. he makes use only 20 % of the brain's capacity
B. his brain has grown larger over the past centuries
C. the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time
D. he will use his brain more and more as time goes on
74. What is true about a human being in the future?
A. He is hairless because hair is no longer useful.
B. He has smaller eyes and wears better glasses.
C. His fingers grow weaker because he doesn't have to make use of them.
D. He thinks and feels in different way.
75. We can infer that _______.
A. human beings will become less attractive in the future.
B. less use of a bodily organ may lead to its becoming worse
C. human beings hope for a change in the future life
D. future life is always predictable
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共50分）
第一节任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相应题号的横线上
When Carla Fisher and her husband announced plans to travel the globe with their young daughters for a year, some friends called them crazy.
Seven years later, with wonderful memories and a book documenting their world travel, the Fishers now seem like global trailblazers (先驱者).
“It’s really encouraging to hear that many other people want to educate their kids in that manner,” said Fisher.
Some parents are trying to raise knowledgeable and open-minded “world citizens”. Others want to give their children the skills they’ll need to compete globally.
“There is a huge amount of interest in spending time abroad at all stages of life and increasingly, as a family with children,” said Maya Frost, author of “The New Global Student…”. She knows American families in every corner of the globe who have made that choice.
“There’s so much more to education than school,” said Tessa Hill, who recently returned to her Houston-area home, after driving her family across North and Central America and Europe in a motor home for 13 months. “World travel is an education in people, cultures, language, travel skills, street smarts and in how lucky we are to live in the United States.”
When Hill and her husband began considering extended global travel, their middle child, Charles, 13, was surprised. “My first reaction was ‘well, are we really going to do this?’” Charles said. “But it did sound like great fun.”
Charles said missing his friends was the hardest part. He stayed in touch via e-mail and made some new friends along the way, playing soccer with kids in France and learning about rugby from youths in Ireland.
“I’d definitely recommend this to other kids,” Charles said. “It was such a great opportunity to see different countries and learn geography a different way.”
To make re-entry smoother, most school officials prefer that families work out an educational plan before they leave town.
“It sounds out-of-date, but it really opens up your mind and your eyes to the world,” said Robbin Goodman, 17, a senior student who spent his junior year skateboarding across Beijing, China, when he wasn’t studying Chinese history and other core subjects.
Had he not already taken a school-sponsored spring break trip with his mom to China in 2007, Robbin said he probably would not have been able to convince his parents to let him go alone for a year. “I knew I would learn Chinese and all that, but my goal was to have a great time,” Robbin said.
“The biggest problem for those seriously considering going abroad is dealing with those who are against the idea,” said Frost.
“They gain the ability to take risks and to have confidence in themselves,” said Liz Pearlstein, founder of a global education consulting firm. “When we came home from London, my daughter, who had been painfully shy before we left, said ‘Mom, now I know there’s nothing I can’t do.’”
No one knows exactly how many American families are choosing the global education path, but global education consultants say a growing number of parents are traveling for a year or more with their children.
| Title: A real global 1. ▲ : traveling abroad with kids for a year |
|
| Travelers’ experiences and feelings |
|
| Carla Fisher |
● Courage is needed to take the 2. ▲ travel for there are different voices. ● It is encouraging to hear more parents make such a similar 3. ▲ . |
| Tessa Hill and Charles |
● World travel can help people learn more about cultures, languages and travel skills, etc. ● Charles made new friends along his way and 4. ▲ his friends back home. |
| Robbin Goodman |
● One-year 5. ▲ in China alone can serve the purpose of having a good time. |
| Liz Pearlstein |
● World travel 6. ▲ kids to take risks and builds up confidence in themselves. |
| Opinions and suggestions |
|
| Maya Frost |
● There is an 7. ▲ number of family traveling abroad with kids. Parents should take it into consideration how to deal with the opposite idea. |
| School officials |
● Parents had better help kids work out educational plans to make it 8. ▲ for them to return to school. |
| 9. ▲ |
|
| Generally, more families in the USA 10. ▲ to travel abroad with kids for a year or more. |
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：对话填空（阅读下面对话，掌握大意，并根据所给首字母的提示，在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整正确形式，使对话通顺。共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
| L: I’m terribly sorry to trouble you, but I’d like to ask you some questions. O: Please go （76）a________. L: I find English really difficult to learn. It’s (77)  u_________ that I have workedhard but have achieved so little. O: In what way? L: Remembering new words is rather difficult. I looked at the vocabulary but I couldn’t remember them. It is (78) o_______ that I have no (79) g______ for English. O: I don’t think so. Things may not sound like what you say. You’d better try different （80）w_____ to remember them and try to make it interesting. For example, you can write the words on a card in English on one side and Chinese on the （81）o_____. L: And how I can （82）i_____ my reading ability? O: Well, as(83)f_______ that, you should do a lot of reading. You know practice makes perfect. If time（84）p_____, you can read novels written by some  famous（85）w_____ such as Mark Twain, Charles Dickens and so on. L: Thank you. I’ll have a try. O: Gook luck with your English study in the future. |
76.__________ 77.__________ 78.__________ 79.__________ 80.__________ 81.__________ 82.__________ 83.__________ 84._________ 85._________ |
第II卷（共45分）
第四部分书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据文章后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
A new study has found that a fat cell gene may reduce the risk of colon cancer in some people.The study provldes what scientists say is the first evidence of a genetic link between a fat cell gene and colon cancer.The research could lead to better tests for the disease as well as measures to help prevent it．
Current evidence suggests a relationship between obesity，insulin resistance and colon cancer risk．The scientists say what they have found now is an area of a gene that is connected with the cancer risk.They say this area is most probably not the cause of the disease,but they think it is where the connection comes from.
The gene is involved in the formation of a hormone called adiponectin．Some people have higher levels of this hormone in their blood,____________．Higher levels have been
linked with lower rates of obesity and insulin resistance．And lower levels have been 
linked with higher rates．
The Journal of thM American Medical Association published the new findings last week．BorisPasche from the Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham led the research.
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Every year it kills almost six
hundred eighty thousand pe
ople around the world．And doctors find more than one million new cases．The disease is highly treatable if disovered early．
The research involved two studies with a total of about one thousand five hundred people．The lager of the two studies involved Nes Yorkers of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.Coln cancer is more common in Jews of eastern European ancestry than in the general population.The other study invdVed people of different ethnicities from Chicago,Illinois.
Currently，in the United States，the general advice is for colonoscopy tests（结肠检查）for colon cancer to begin at the age of fifty. A colonoscopy can find and remove growths before they become cancerous. But the test is invasive and can be uncomfortable.
A study last month in the New England Journal of Medicine expressde support for a test called a virtual colonoscopy.It uses X-ray and computer technology to search for growths，but cannot remove them.There are still some questions about the effectiveness of a virtual colonoscopy compared to a traditional one .But doctors hope it might appeal to people who would otherwise not be tested at all。
76.What is the best title of the passage?（Within 10 words.）
___________________________________________________________________________
77.Fill in the blank with proper words．（Within 7 words．）
____________________________________________________________________________
78. Which sentence in the passage can replace the following one?
If it is diagnosed early,the disease is most likely to be cured.
____________________________________________________________________________ 79.Do you think the new research is practical and useful?Why?（Within 30 words.）
____________________________________________________________________________
80.Translate the underlinde sentence in the last paragraph.
____________________________________________________________________________
第II卷（共45分）
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后面的字数要求）。
[1]If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science major because this high-tech ”Information Age” demands people who are flexible （灵活的）and who have good _______.
[2]There are many social science majors in large companies who take up important positions. For example, a number of research studies found that social science majors have achieved greater managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited to change, which is the leading feature of the high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.
[3]Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after （广受欢迎的）quality in a person who was looking for a job was communication skills, noted as “very important” by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.
[4]Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.
76. What’s the main idea of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words.)
________________________________________________________________________________
77.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
For instance，a study showed that social science majors had held more important positions,compared to those technically trained students.
________________________________________________________________________________
78. Fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 5 words.)
________________________________________________________________________________
79. What have you learned about the social science majors in finding a job in this high-tech "Information Age"?
________________________________________________________________________________
80. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
61 ．He called the doctor and made sure they would meet at five．He arrived at the doctor's at twenty to five．He thought,“It's a little bit earlier．I'll wait for a moment．It's good to keep the time.” 62 ．He looked around and saw a noisy square（广场）not far from here．He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and make himself quiet． 63 ．
Suddenly he heard a girl crying． 64 ． Then he knew she got lost． John tried to find out her address and took her home．The girl's parents were very thankful．
65 ．The doctor said angrily when he saw him, "You're late．Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes? " John said nothing but one word—"Sorry! "
| A．Then he stopped his car in front of the doctor's |
| B．He came up to her and asked some questions |
| C．John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill |
| D．He felt angry with the doctor |
E. Then John hurried to the doctor's
F. The girl asked him for help
G. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily
第二节：信息匹配 (共5小题，每题2分，满分10分)
下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文及其信息，并按要求匹配信息。首先，请阅读下列信息：
| A．Jenny’s problem Dear Sir， I’m a high school student and l will have to change clothes for P.E. I’m quite fat，So I’m worried that other girls in my class will look down upon me．What should I do if that really happens? Help! |
| B．Alice’s problem Dear Sir， I have a best friend．The problem is sometimes she takes advantage on me．We go out to shop together and she always wastes her money on junk．Then she borrows money from me with a promise to return，which she never does! |
| C．Lily’s problem． Dear Sir， I always have a lot of homework．Sometimes I have so much that I have no way out but cry．I’m so nervous that I can’t go to sleep at night．What should I do? |
| D．Sandy’s problem |
Dear Sir，
One of my friends is a great dancer! One day I said some bad words on her dancing，which probably hurt her feelings．Now she won’t dance at all．How can I get her back to dance again?
E．Kate’s problem
Dear Sir，
I clean my desk every day at school，and it makes all my friends think that I’m a germ freak(有洁僻的人)．I don’t want to be made fun of，but I want to stay healthy．What should I do?
F．Jane’s problem
Dear Sir，
One of my friend’s friends just told me he likes me! I’m glad，but I don’t think he could be my boyfriend．At the same time I don’t want to hurt him．What should I do?
请阅读以下建议人所提出的建议，然后匹配提建议人和相关问题，以上问题有一项多余。
______71．Mr. Brown’s advice
Your friend should not take advantage on you this way unless she is allowed．Next time when she asks to borrow money，please remind her politely of the previous money she owed you．
______72．Mr. White’s advice
If people laugh at you，tell yourself that at least you are not as sick as they are．
______73．Mr. Black’s advice
You need a plan．A school planner will 
help keep a track of what you need to do
______74．Mr. Green’s advice
If you don’t want to hurt the friendship，you could use your parents as an excuse．
______75．Mr. Jackson’s advice
It’s normal to be nervous about something like that．It’s important，though，to be comfortable and confident with your body．
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应的选项涂黑。
（注意：如选E 请把A、B两项同时涂黑，如选F 请把C、D两项同时涂黑）
Six people ordered the following Take-away but the labels attached to the boxes were somehow misplaced on the way of delivery. Please find the customers their own orders according to the description of their taste.
56. Tom is a teenager who is crazy about KFC or McDonald’s, so he usually have take-away instead of going to the school canteen.
57. Charlie normally has something from a local western restaurant. He is not very particular about food.
58. Vincent is a weightlifter on the local club and he always needs a heavy meal to provide extra energy for his training. But he is on a tight schedule with a competition drawing near.
59. Sue is on a diet and prefers something light.
60. Emily is vegetarian and never has anything that has to do with meat. She is also allergic to seafood.
A. Stir Fried Mixed Seafood with ginger & spring onion; Deep Fried Fish & Vegetables
B. Chinese Mushroom with Choy Sum; Steamed Tofu with Preserved Cabbage
C. Beef steak & a seafood pizza.
D. A Fruit Salad & A Club Sandwich
Two big Macs & Corn Soup
F. Fried Chicken Nuggets, Cheeseburger & Potato Chips
第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上。
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted 31 saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students 32 (work) for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject.
Generally, 33 , modern examinations are written. The written examination,
34 all students are tested on the same questions, was 35 (probable) not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase 36 population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, 37 (time) exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, appears like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students 38 (expect) to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called as “objective” test. 39 is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up 40 objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years．Before that time, large computers were only, used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment．With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work which used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called．40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast．
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager．The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers．He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss．From a manager's point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hors．
But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed．Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器)．The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly．It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed．Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them．
Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice．
Then years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because_________．
| A．these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computers |
| B．these computers could not do the work that small computers can do today |
| C．these computers did not come onto the market |
| D．these companies did not need to use this new technology |
According to the writer, the main feature of the revolution in office work
over the last ten years is __________．
| A．the saving of time and money | B．the use of computers in small companies |
| C．the wide use of word processors | D．the decreasing number of secretaries |
It is implied but not directly stated in the passage that with the use of word
processors _________．
| A．some secretaries will lose their jobs |
| B．daily jobs can be done automatically outside office hours |
| C．medical problems related to work with a VDU have increased |
| D．the British companies will make less money |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．There are both advantages and disadvantages in using a word processor |
| B．The British companies care much for the health of the people using word processors． |
| C．The technology in the field of computers has been greatly advanced over the last ten years． |
| D．Using word processors , secretaries can get more time to do more interesting work for their bosses． |
It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
| A．safety screens are of poor quality |
| B．working at a VDU for a long time is good for one's health |
| C．more and more British offices will use word processors |
| D．British companies will need fewer and fewer manages |
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项多余选项。
— It's so hard for me to learn English. 61
—I didn't know you were having problems. Maybe it's easier for me because I already speak two languages. But also, I really work at it.
—Well, I always do my homework and go to classes. 62
— Well, you might try reading newspapers. And I always talk to Americans when I get a chance, though sometimes it’s hard.
—But, 63 I only know other foreign students.
— How about sitting next to an American at lunch, or have you ever thought of asking someone over to your house for dinner?
— 64 But I' m a little shy to speak English.
— You won't learn if you don’t try and speak. 65 , I'd talk to your English teacher. He might have some good ideas.
| A．I've never been to New York before. |
| B．Those are good ideas |
| C．What else do you think would help? |
| D．Why is it so easy for you? |
E. If I were you
F. how do you meet Americans?
G. Some foreign students are extremely friendly.
Forty years ago, Rachel Carson died and the Pittsburgh area lost perhaps its most influential citizen. A native of a Pennsylvania College for Women graduate, Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the passage of our major environmental laws.
However, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical (农用化学品) industry. For example, Rush Limbaugh gave the following quiz: “Who caused more deaths: Adolf Hitler or RachelCarson?” Limbaugh's answer was Carson, due to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria (疟疾) since 1972, the year in which the pesticide (杀虫剂）DDT was banned for use in the United States in part as a result of “Silent Spring.”
Therefore, on this 40th anniversary of Carson's death, we need to take a scientific look at the myths that remain about pesticides.
Myth 1: Pesticide usage has declined since 1962. In fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 2.5 million tons of pesticides each year. Even DDT is still used abroad.
Myth 2: Pesticides are safe. In fact, as Carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targets. Pesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even death. According to the WHO, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deaths.
Of the 80,000 pesticides and other chemicals in use today, 10 percent are recognized as carcinogens (致癌物质). According to recent studies, brain cancer rates are five times higher in homes with “no-pest” strips and six times higher in homes where pets wear flea collars (杀蚤颈圈). Our homes have pesticide concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than outdoors.
So, if Carson were with us today, still battling the agrochemical industry that spent millions of dollars, what would she be advocating? I feel confident that she would be a strong supporter of a new principle of chemical assessment. 
Simply put, this principle requires producers of pesticides to prove that they are safe and necessary before they are put on the market. Our current system puts the burden of proof on government and scientists to prove that a pesticide is dangerous and poses an “unacceptable risk” before it can be pulled from the market.
57. Limbaugh attacked Carson because he thought that _____.
A. “Silent Spring” had caused in part the 100 million deaths from malaria
B. she was supporting the production of poisonous pesticides
C. “Silent Spring” was originated from Hitler’s writings
D. she had not cared for the 100 million deaths from malaria
58. Which of the following is the content of Myth 1?
A. The production of pesticides has doubled during the past 40 years.
B. 2.5 million tons of pesticides have been produced since 1962.
C. The usage of pesticides has been dropping since 1962.
D. Pesticides have become less poisonous since 1962.
59. The author mentions “flea collars” in the sixth paragraph to indicate _____.
A. pesticides contribute to the development of cancer
B. the close connection between them and dog cancer rates
C. the medical effect of flea collars on dogs
D. flea collars contribute to high pesticide concentrations indoors
60. What is the suggested new practice of chemical assessment?
A. Government should prove a pesticide is unsafe.
B. Scientists should be responsible for writing assessment reports.
C. Producers of pesticides should provide proof of their safety.
D. A special committee should be set up for chemical assessment.
About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table. I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy, who could not have been more than seven or eight years old, replied, “Frankly, I’ve been a little depressed lately.”
This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.
The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why?
Human development is based not only on innate(天生) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote(生搬硬套) to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.
In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation(揭示) machine has been brought in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information to all viewers alike, indiscriminately (不加区分地). Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbol that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.
53. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world______________.
A. through contact with society
B. naturally and by biological instinct (本能)
C. gradually and under guidance
D. through exposure to social information
54. The phenomenon that today’s children seem adult like is due to ____________.
A. the widespread influence of television
B. the poor arrangement of teaching content
C. the fast pace of human intellectual development
D. the constantly rising standard of living
55. Why is the author in favor of communication through print for children?
A. It enables children to gain more social information.
B. It develops children’s interest in reading and writing.
C. It helps children to memorize and practice more.
D. It can control what children are to learn.
56. What does the author think of the change in today’s children?
A. He feels amused by their premature (早熟) behavior.
B. He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note.
C. He considers it a positive development.
D. He seems to be upset about it.
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