Chimpanzees，long considered reluctant to share，apparently can display selfless tendencies，revealing one more key way our closest living relatives are like humans，scientists find． These findings could shed light on the evolution of altruism in humans．
Previously，a belief was widely held that human altruism evolved only after humans split from their ape cousins about 6 million years ago．In recent years，however，research has revealed just how much chimpanzees have in common with us．They can hunt with spears，play with dolls and mourn their partners'death.
“Most of the earlier studies had presented the apes with a complex implement that helped them deliver food to themselves or others，often so complicated that the experiments tested tool skills rather than social tendencies，”De Waal told Live Science．“Ours is the first study that uses no such implement at all.”
In addition to using complex food-delivery systems，past experiments often placed the chimpanzees so far apart that they might not have realized how their actions benefited others．In these new，simplified experiments，two apes were housed next to each other with a screen through which they could see each other．Then，one chimpanzee had to choose between two differently colored tokens （币） from a bin，one of which represented a pro-social （亲社会的） option，the other a selfish option．The pro-social option would cause both chimpanzees to receive a piece of banana wrapped in paper．The selfish option only rewarded the ape who made the choice.
In a study with seven adult female chimps placed into various pairs，the scientists found all the apes showed a definite preference for the pro-social option．“For me，the most important finding is that like us，chimpanzees take into account the needs and wishes of others，”researcher Victoria Horner，said.
The chimpanzees behaved especially altruistically toward partners who either patiently waited or gently reminded them that they were there by drawing attention to themselves．They were less likely to reward partners who pressured through making a fuss，begging persistently or spitting water at them．This is opposite to a long-standing view that the chimpanzees only share food under pressure.The word“ altruism” （paragraph 1） is closest in meaning to ______.
| A．selfishness |
| B．selflessness |
| C．willingness |
| D．reluctance |
Recent researches are performed with less complicated implements mainly to ______.
| A．show that chimps are only good at using implements |
| B．see whether chimps are willing to share food with others |
| C．find out if chimps are likely to reward partners |
| D．test chimps’ social tendencies instead of tool skills |
Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？
| A．Evolution History of Altruism in Humans |
| B．Similarities between Chimps and Mankind |
| C．Chimps Do Show Selfless Behavior |
| D．Chimps Only Share Food under Pressure |
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by young people）focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence．Theorieson the individual suggest that childrencriminal behavior before they were not sufficientlyfor previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others．Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromfamilies，the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes．The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents．All，however，are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates．For example，changes in the economy thatto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain．This results inamong youths and may inlead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also experiencedthese years．More families consist of one parent households or two working parents；，children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family．This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．Other noticeableof offensive acts includeexperience or failure in school，theavailability of drugs and alcohol，and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect．All these conditions tend to increase theof a child committing a criminal act，a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.
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---Oh，my God! Daring，what’s wrong with your face？
---Forget it! I am allergic to the cream recommended by my colleague，Ms．Fan，a very well preserved woman．
---Oh，no! I have to say‘________’.
| A．A burden of one’s choice is not felt． |
| B．One man’s meat is another man’s poison． |
| C．Beauty，unaccompanied by virtue，is as a flower without perfume． |
| D．Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it． |
Not until ________a third time ________that he had given birth to the reading system for the blind called Braille.
| A．Louis Braille tried；he announced |
| B．did Louis Braille try；he announced |
| C．Louis Braille had tried；did he announce |
| D．had Louis Braille tried；had he announced |
________ much media attention is paid to the topic of raising children or caring for elderly parents in their final years，it seems ________ not much is explained on being a parent.
| A．While；that | B．As；like |
| C．Because；that | D．Since；/ |
---I heard your husband had left for Vienna by air．Why didn’t you go there with him？
---I_________．But I________ a fashion design competition two days away．
| A．was scheduled to；will have attended |
| B．had been scheduled to；will be attending |
| C．was scheduled to have；am attending |
| D．had scheduled to；am attending |
When ________how a statue from distant Greece，in China，researchers explained that it was no doubta result of Alexander the Great’s influence．
| A．they were asked；should appear； |
| B．being asked；can have appeared； |
| C．asked；must have appeared； |
| D．asked；could have appeared； |
Hackers threatened _______ Sony release the film ‘The Interview’（also entitled ‘Killing Kim jong un’）on the coming 2014 Christmas，they ______ launch terror attacksresembling 11th Sept in 2001，
| A．should；will be | B．were to；could |
| C．were；should have | D．should；would |
The “new” Japanese prime Minister Shinzo Abe wants the USA to promise _________ Japan declares war against China，the USA will give military aid，__________ promises to be impossible.
| A．if；which | B．whether；it |
| C．if；that | D．when；it |
--- How old can you guess your new English teacher is？
--- It’s hard to say．But I guess him to be _________ between 35 and 40.
| A．anything | B．anywhere |
| C．anybod | D．anyway |
Public service ads，also PSAs，often _________ for free，_________ to educate people about health，safety or any other problem that affects public welfare.
| A．run；meant | B．are run；are meant |
| C．are run；mean | D．run；are meant |
At the ancient Olympics，all men，________ had to compete wearing no clothes；while single women took part in their own separate competition，a festival _________Hera，the wife of Zeus.
| A．in tradition；in favor of |
| B．by principle；in celebration of |
| C．by tradition；in honor of |
| D．in order；in memory of |
--- Why do you think ________ the Eagles went home，angry and bitter？
---_________ they didn’t win the tournament andbecause what mattered to them was victory.
| A．was it that；That | B．that；For |
| C．it was that；Because | D．that；Because |
______ that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city， their bodies nearly completely______ and disappeared，_________ empty spaces in the ash.
| A．It turned out；broke down；leaving |
| B．As turned out；broke up；which left |
| C．It turned out；broke off；leaving |
| D．What was turned out was；broke down；left |
However，the Norman Conquest didn’t affect the English language___________ the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier，which led to Old English ________ Celtic.
| A．so much as；was replaced | B．so good as；being replaced |
| C．as much as；replacing | D．as well as；replaced by |
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