Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs .
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
| A．Using river water. | B．Throwing batteries away. |
| C．Paving parking lots. | D．Throwing rubbish into lakes. |
What can be inferred from the text?
| A．All water shortages are due to human behavior. |
| B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs |
| C．There is much we can do to reduce family size. |
| D．The average family in America makes proper use of water. |
The last paragraph is intended to .
| A．show us how to fix leaks at home |
| B．tell us how to run a dishwasher |
| C．prove what drinking glass is best for us |
| D．suggest what we do to save water at home |
The text is mainly about .
| A．how human activity affects our water supply |
| B．how much we depend on water to live |
| C．why droughts occur more in dry climates |
| D．Why paving roads reduces our water |
The aims of the Illustrators(插图画家)Exhibition，staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair，organized by BolognaFiere and held from 19 to 22．March 2012，are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers．
QUALIFICATIONS
*Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31st December l994，whose artwork is intended for use in children’s books，are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools．
*Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Non-fiction Category．Illustrators may only enter one category.
*Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered．
*The confirmation form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 26 September 2011．
SHIPMENT
Entries may be delivered by post，express delivery service or by hand．From abroad，please use the following forms：Form “A” for registered mail or post by air；Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.
To avoid deiays, material should not be sent by normal post．Material should be sent “carriage paid”，including any customs and delivery costs．
BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork．All published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number，publisher’s name and address．
REQUIREMENTS
The illustrations (i.e. the size of the sheet) must not exceed (超过) the following dimensions：
Fiction：32*42cm(or 42*32cm)
Non-fiction：50*70cm(70*50cm)
Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered，nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere．The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board，maximum thickness 2mm(for scanner separation purposes).
SELECTIONPROCESS
All artwork received by the stated deadtine and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group(whose decision is final)，inclnding five members(from publishing houses and art schools) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.
ANNUAL
Each illustrator selected by the Committee will be granted two pages in the Annual，for the reproduction of all or some of the illustrations as well as a space for the bibliography(参考书目). BotognaFiere has the fight to choose the works to be published in the Annual and to make complete or partial reproductions．
EXHIBITIONS ABROAD
After the Bologna event，the illustrator Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY．The illustrator exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues(场馆)in other countries，The Exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the illustrator Exhibition，and the provision(条款)of the regulations are extended to tile organizers of the exhibitions held abroad．
RETURN OF ARTWORK
All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere by the end of July 2012．According to the text，the Illustrators Exhibitions
| A．will last five days in all in July every other year |
| B．is intended for college students who are good at painting |
| C．is held by the Bologna Children's Book Fair |
| D．can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers |
The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibitions
| A．should be at least 16 and no more than 25 |
| B．may re-enter their artwork after it is returned |
| C．should state the category of their artwork clearly |
| D．may choose to attach a photo to the application form |
Which of the following is unacceptable for delivering entries?
| A．Normal post． | B．Airline post． |
| C．Registered mail． | D．Express delivery． |
What is BolognaFiere responsible for?
| A．Paying for the delivery costs． |
| B．Late arrival of artwork． |
| C．Confirmation of the ISBN number． |
| D．Returning the illustrator’s works． |
The Illustrators’ works will not be considered if they
| A．are received after the day of 26 September 2011 |
| B．are smaller than the size 32*42cm |
| C．are thinner than 2mm |
| D．don’t meet the demands of the international cxperts |
“It hurts me more than you，’’and “This is for your own good．’’These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin，clean my room，stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school．The schools and the educators made it easy on us．They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators，turned on the television，left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation．
Now teachers，faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years，are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake．One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-“so passive”-and-wonders what happened．Nothing was demanded of them，she believes. Television，says Klompus，contributes to children’s passivity．“We’re not training kids to work any more,” says Klompus．“we’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry．They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’，you tell them the answer．It takes greater energy to say no to a kid．”
Yes，it does．It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work．It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good．It’s time to start telling them no again.Why are children becoming more inactive in study?
| A．Because they watch TV too often |
| B．Because they have done too much homework． |
| C．Because they have to fulfill too many duties． |
| D．Because teachers are too strict with them． |
To such children as described in the passage
| A．it is easier to say no than to say yes |
| B．neither is easy-to say yes or to say no |
| C．it is easier to say yes than to say no |
| D．neither is difficult-to say yes or to say no |
We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on
| A．1earning Latin |
| B．natural development |
| C．discipline |
| D．education at school |
By “permissive period in education’’the author means a time ．
| A．when children are allowed to do what they wish to |
| B．when everything can be taught at school |
| C．when every child can be educated |
| D．when ehildren are permitted to receive education |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Parents should leave their children alone， |
| B．Kids should have more activities at school． |
| C．It’s time to be stricter with our kids． |
| D．Parents should always set a good example to their kids． |
If English means endless new words，difficult gramrnar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong．Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power，Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter．This is the area of the brain which processes information．It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles．
The study also found the effect is greater，the younger people learn a second language.
A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli，from University College London，took a group of Britons who only spoke English．They were compared with a goup of “early bilinguals．’’who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of later learners．
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language．But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，”said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn．
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. ‘‘Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，”he said．“You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas．”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading，writing，and comprehension were all tested．The results showed，that the younger they started to learn，the better．“Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，’’explained the scientists．The main subject talked about in this passage is
| A．language can help brain power |
| B．man's ability of learning a second language |
| C．science on learning a second language |
| D．language learning and maths study |
In the second paragraph，the writer mentions “exercise” in order to
| A．say language is also a kind of physical labor |
| B．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well |
| C．show the importance of using the language when you learn the language |
| D．prove that one needs more practice when he(she)is learning a language |
The underlined word‘‘bilinguals”in Paragraph 4 probably means
| A．people who can speak two languages |
| B．second language learners |
| C．researchers on language learning |
| D．active language learners |
We may know from the scientific findings that
| A．the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people’s brain |
| B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn’t know a second language |
| C．the earlier you start to learn a second language，the higher the grey matter density is |
| D．the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time |
In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us that
| A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths |
| B．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language |
| C．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language |
| D．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects |
Standing alone at Browns party，Anna Mackintosh thought about her husband Edward，establishing him clearly in her mind’s eye. He was a thin man，forty-one years of age，with fair hair that was often untidy．In the seventeen years they’d been married he had changed very little：he was still nervous with other people，and smiled in the same shy way，and his face was still almost boyish．
She believed she had failed him because he had wished for children and she had not been able to supply any．She had been annoyed for this fact over the years and in the end，quite some time ago now，she had consulted Dr.Abbat at Edward’s request.
In the Browns’rich living room，its walls and ceilings giving out a bright light with a metallic surface of imitation gold，Anna listened to dance music coming from a tape recorder and continued to think about her husband．
In a moment he would be at the party too，since they had agreed to meet there，although by now it was three quarters of an hour later than the time he had planned to come.
The Browns were people he knew in a business way，and he had said he thought it wise that he and Anna should attend this gathering of theirs. She had never met them before，which made it more difficult for her，having to wait about，not knowing a soul in the room．
When she thought about it she felt herself unfairly treated，for although Edward was kind to her and always had been，it was far from thoughtful to be as late as this. Because of her nervous condition she felt afraid and had developed a sickness in her stomach．She looked at her watch and sighed．What made Anna feel that she had failed her husband，Edward?
| A．Her bad relationship with her husband． |
| B．Her husband's youthful appearance |
| C．Her inability to have children |
| D．Her nervousness at parties |
Why did Anna stand alone at the party?
| A．Her husband’s nervousness affected her |
| B．She didn’t like the Browns． |
| C．She wanted to enjoy the music． |
| D．She didn’t know anybody in the room |
Anna started to get angry because
| A．she wasn’t feeling well |
| B．her husband had usually been more thoughtful |
| C．she hated to see the Browns' wealth |
| D．she came to know that Mr．Brown was only a businessman |
Why did Edward want Anna to attend the party?
| A．He knew that he was going to be late． |
| B．He believed she would impress the Browns． |
| C．He thought it clever for her to associate with the Browns． |
| D．He wanted her to learn how to do business from the Browns |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Edward had changed very little in character and appearance in the seventeen years after he got married. |
| B．Anna went to the Btowns’ house alone． |
| C．Anna was very anxious to meet her husband |
| D．It was exactly half an hour after the party began that Edward arrived at the Browns’party. |
Practice，practice，and practice! That’s Tiger Woods became a champion golfer.
Tiger Woods golf when he was very young. with other children of his age，he showed special interest in golf．Finding that his son had a for this game，Tiger’s father decided to him on his own．To his father’s surprise，Tiger was a(n) golfer even at the age of 6.
However，being a child,Tiger couldn’t focus all the time， he never gave up. Tiger listened to soft music to improve his . His father helped him learn to focus inspite of the ．Sometimes his father stood in front of Tiger and said，“I'm a tree in your way,”He would have to hit the ball his father．Sometimes his father would dance and sing when it was Tiger’s turn to hit and Tiger had to focus on the ．
The training helped him．Once a made a loud noise while Tiger was playing. He Said he never heard the broadcast because he was so on the game. Tiger cannot losing. If he loses，he will go out and even harder in order not to make the same mistake.
In the year 2000，when he was 24 years old，he four major golf competitions—the US Open，the US Amateur，the British Open and the British Amateur. But during the 2008 season it became clear that Tiger was pain in his knee．In April his knee was operated on and he the PGA(美国职业高尔夫球协会)tour season．After an eight-month period of he returned to play again in February 2009. He didn’t make his fans ．He won again.
He is so much better than the other golfers that some say he is the greatest golfer to ever play the game．
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