There are at least two methods．Induction （归纳法） （as described by Darwin ），or deduction （演绎法）（ as described by Einstein）．Both methods can produce amazing result．But only when you know which"direction"to go．
The steps are the same．They include：
Theory （理论）＝Explaining how things work
Experiment＝A way to test what's happening
Observation＝Something you notice
Together，these are called the scientific method．
Should you start from the"bottom"by collecting information and facts to prove and seeing where chat leads you？That's induction．Charles Darwin （1809﹣1882 ） supported this method．He spent years observing the appearance and behavior of animals in different places．From this，he created his theory of natural selection：animal and plants can change because of their environment．
Or should you start from the"top"by creating a theory and then seeing how it stands up to real life？That's deduction．Albert Einstein（1879﹣1955）was king here．He began with brave ideas．These theories often took years to prove by experiment．
A few of Einstein's ideas are still being examined．
In history，scientist have been solving problems using different methods．For example，while studying bacteria（细菌）．Fleming found that something on bread could kill bacteria harmful to human health．This led him to discover a new medicine．Newton suggested that all objects attract each other．His idea was proved later．
So which way better？That depends．Some researchers do experiment，and only later consider where their results may lead them．That's induction．But deduction needs you to suggest a theory that may or may not be supported by the information and facts．The best scientists are always ready to change methods when necessary．
56．How many steps are there in the scientific method
A.2
B.3
C.4
57．Deduction needs you to start from the
A．"bottom"
B．"middle"
C．"top"
58．Fleming used to discover a new medicine．
A．induction
B．deduction
C．theories
59．The last paragraph（段）tells us
A．which way is better
B．To get more facts
C to use proper methods
60．What can be the best title of the passage？
A．Deduction and induction
B．Darwin and Fleming
C．Theory and experiment．
Most people like watching TV. So does Mary. She doesn't mind soap operas or talk shows. But she can't stand sitcoms，for(因为)they are too boring. Sports shows are her favorite program. She likes sports very much，and she likes watching football matches on TV.
Mary likes women's volleyball，too. She often watches matches on TV，sometimes on the Internet. Her favorite team is the Chinese team. She thinks all the members are fantastic.
Mary enjoys volleyball，but she isn't good at it. She is good at table tennis. She often plays it with her best friend after school. They are both on the school table tennis team. Sometimes they play with teams from other schools. They have a lot of fun with it.Mary thinks sitcoms are ______.
| A．interesting | B．boring |
| C．exciting | D．surprising |
______ are Mary's favorite program.
| A．Talk shows | B．Soap operas |
| C．Beijing opera | D．Sports shows |
How many kinds of shows are mentioned(提及)in the passage?
| A．Two | B．Three | C．Four | D．Five |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Mary often plays table tennis after school. |
| B．Mary is good at playing volleyball. |
| C．Mary only watches volleyball matches on TV. |
| D．Mary's favorite team is the Japanese team. |
Last Monday we asked our students about how often they do the housework in Beishan Middle School. Here are the results.
Most students do the housework twice or three times a week. They often clean their rooms. Some students do the housework five times a week. They often clean the floor(地板). Some students help their parents on the farm. They think their parents are too busy, so they help them.
The results for “wash clothes” are interesting. Some students wash clothes once or twice a week. They often wash clothes on Saturdays or Sundays. Some students wash clothes three to four times a week. They only wash their own（自己的） clothes. But most students wash their clothes once a week. And they wash clothes on Sundays.
Liu Ying, a girl in Class 6, Grade 8 has lots of housework to do. She washes the dishes and cleans the floor every day. She often cooks. Sometimes three times a day. She says, “My mother isn’t healthy. My father works in another city. So I have to do most of the housework at home.”Some students help their parents on the farm because .
| A．they think they are old enough |
| B．they think their parents are too busy |
| C．they don’t have too much homework |
| D．it is fun |
How often do most students wash their clothes?
| A．Once a week. | B．Twice a week. |
| C．Three to four times a week. | D．never |
From the passage we know that .
| A．Liu Ying is not a healthy student |
| B．Liu Ying is good at housework |
| C．Liu Ying doesn’t want to do housework. |
| D．Liu Ying has to do much housework. |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Most students don’t do the housework. |
| B．Liu Ying is a student from Class 6, Grade 8. |
| C．Liu Ying cooks three times a day sometimes. |
| D．Liu Ying washes the dishes and cleans the floor every day. |
Sophie is a middle school student. Her mother is a dentist and her father is a writer. Sophie wants to be a cook. Sophie went to take part in（参加） a cake（蛋糕） making competition yesterday.
Everyone began to make a cake. But Sophie hadn’t decided what kind of cake to make.
There was only half an hour left. Sophie had not even begun. So she began to panic (恐慌). Then she got an idea. She ran out and came to a cake shop. She gave fifty dollars to the shop keeper and said, “Please give me a chocolate cake.”
Then Sophie came back and put the chocolate cake on the table. But a little boy saw her do that.
When the judges (裁判员) were just about to taste Sophie’s cake, the little boy said to the judges, “Please don’t taste her cake. She didn’t make it and she bought it from a cake shop.”
The judges were angry and said, “That was terrible, Sophie.”
From that day on, Sophie never cheated. Sophie wants to be a .
| A．teacher | B．writer | C．cook | D．dentist |
Sophie began to panic because .
| A．she was too tired | B．she didn’t begin to make her cake |
| C．she didn’t have money | D．her cake tasted bad |
Sophie spent on the chocolate cake.
| A．$5 | B．$10 | C．$15 | D．$50 |
The underlined word “cheat” means “ ” in Chinese.
| A．作弊 | B．前进 | C．承诺 | D．解决 |
We have a terrible school trip last weekend. Some students were late. Then we waited half an hour for the school bus, but it didn’t arrive. Finally, our teacher took us to take the subway. It took us about an hour. After we got off the subway, we walked and got lost. When we finally arrived at the zoo, we were tired and hungry. We wanted to see dolphins, but there weren’t any. There were some really smart seals, but we didn’t see the show because we arrived too late. We left our camera at school, so we didn’t take any photos. Then it started to rain, and no one had an umbrella. So we went for lunch. My friends had some ice cream. But I didn’t have any, because I don’t like it. We didn’t see many animals because of the rain. Finally we went back to school. We were wet, tired and stressed out(紧张). I didn’t enjoy my school trip at all.What did the writer think of the school trip?
| A．Terrible | B．Great | C．Fun | D．Exciting |
The students were when they arrived at the zoo.
| A．excited | B．tired | C．happy | D．lucky |
How was the weather?
| A．Sunny | B．Cloudy | C．Windy | D．Rainy |
Everyone should work hard more and succeed but it is not wise to get success at the cost of family and health.
There was once a hard-working father. He tried his best to support his wife and three children. He spent all his evenings attending classes, hoping to improve himself so that he could one day find a better-paid job. He hardly ate a meal together with his family. He worked and studied very hard because he wanted to ① his family ① the best things that money could buy.
Whenever the family complained, he said that he was doing all this for them. But he often wished to spend more time with his family.
②The day came when the father was offered a good job. It paid quite well.
However, the family still did not get to see the father for most of the week. He went on working hard, hoping to get the position(职位) of manager.
The father’s hard work paid off and he was promoted(提升). Excitedly, he decided to hire a maid(女仆) so his wife did not have to do the housework any more. He also felt that their three-room house was no longer big enough. It would be nice for his family to be able to enjoy the comfort of a large house. The father decided to further his studies.
As expected, the father’s hard work paid off again and he bought a beautiful house. He told his family that he had decided not to work so hard. From then on he was going to devote more time to his family.
The next day, the father did not wake up.
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