There are at least two methods．Induction （归纳法） （as described by Darwin ），or deduction （演绎法）（ as described by Einstein）．Both methods can produce amazing result．But only when you know which"direction"to go．
The steps are the same．They include：
Theory （理论）＝Explaining how things work
Experiment＝A way to test what's happening
Observation＝Something you notice
Together，these are called the scientific method．
Should you start from the"bottom"by collecting information and facts to prove and seeing where chat leads you？That's induction．Charles Darwin （1809﹣1882 ） supported this method．He spent years observing the appearance and behavior of animals in different places．From this，he created his theory of natural selection：animal and plants can change because of their environment．
Or should you start from the"top"by creating a theory and then seeing how it stands up to real life？That's deduction．Albert Einstein（1879﹣1955）was king here．He began with brave ideas．These theories often took years to prove by experiment．
A few of Einstein's ideas are still being examined．
In history，scientist have been solving problems using different methods．For example，while studying bacteria（细菌）．Fleming found that something on bread could kill bacteria harmful to human health．This led him to discover a new medicine．Newton suggested that all objects attract each other．His idea was proved later．
So which way better？That depends．Some researchers do experiment，and only later consider where their results may lead them．That's induction．But deduction needs you to suggest a theory that may or may not be supported by the information and facts．The best scientists are always ready to change methods when necessary．
56．How many steps are there in the scientific method
A.2
B.3
C.4
57．Deduction needs you to start from the
A．"bottom"
B．"middle"
C．"top"
58．Fleming used to discover a new medicine．
A．induction
B．deduction
C．theories
59．The last paragraph（段）tells us
A．which way is better
B．To get more facts
C to use proper methods
60．What can be the best title of the passage？
A．Deduction and induction
B．Darwin and Fleming
C．Theory and experiment．
Yue opera （越剧） is also called Shaoxing opera． It is one of the five operas in China． It has been listed into the first national nonmaterial cultural heritage （非物质文化遗产） since 2006． Yue opera appeared in Sheng County， Zhejiang Province in the Qing dynasty， and then it became famous in Shanghai in the 1920s．
Yue opera is famous for singing， touching music and lively performances． The main subjects of Yue opera are stories about wits and beauties （才子佳人）． Main instruments are the erhu and some other traditional Chinese instruments．
First performed by male farmer artists in the countryside， Yue opera was later developed into a popular performance in cities． The first female troupe （剧团） of Yue opera was created in 1923， and then female performers gradually took the place of the males． Nowadays， almost all performers are females． The most famous master of Yue opera is Yuan Xuefen． The classics of the opera are Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai， Romance of the West Chamber， Madame White Snake．
（1）What is Yue opera also called？
A． Beijing opera．
B． Shaoxing opera．
C． Yu opera．
（2）The main subjects of Yue opera are stories about ．
A． farmers and performers
B． males and females
C． wits and beauties
（3）Who is the most famous master of Yue opera？
A． Yuan Xuefen．
B． Chang Xiangyu．
C． Mei Lanfang．
（4）Which of the following is NOT mentioned （提及） in the passage？
A． Yue opera became famous in Shanghai in the 1920s．
B． Main instruments are the erhu and some other traditional Chinese instruments．
C． One of the classics of the opera is Qin Xianglian．
As the saying goes， "A hero is known in the time of misfortune．"
Zhong Nanshan is a hero like this． He is a doctor in Guangdong． He saved many people's lives in 2003． In 2003， SARS （非典） broke out （爆发） in Guangdong． Hundreds of patients even died from the disease． But Zhong was brave enough to fight the disease． Many patients got better． In early 2020， a disease called COVID﹣19 （新冠肺炎） hit Wuhan． It spread quickly． Thousands of Chinese people were infected （感染）．Zhong led his team to Wuhan to fight the illness．Zhong advised people to wear masks， wash hands frequently （频繁地），stay at home and not to go to crowded places．
Zhong likes sports very much． Although he was 84， he could still play basketball． Zhang still treats patients in the hospital and teaches young doctors． He always says "I am just a doctor．" But we think he is a hero and a fighter．
（1）What does Zhong Nanshan do？
A． A doctor．
B． A nurse．
C． A patient．
（2）From the passage， we know Zhong Nanshan is a man．
A． unhealthy
B． brave
C． shy
（3）Zhong Nanshan gave the following advice EXCEPT （除了） ．
A． wear masks
B． wash hands frequently
C． go to croweded places
（4）The underlined sentence "A hero is known in the time of misfortune．" probably means according to the passage．
A．英雄所见略同
B．英雄不问出处
C．时势造英雄
There are some funny activities this week! Everyone who is interested in them looks at the notice!
Monday Meeting Room 18：00﹣20：00 Mr． Green's report： High﹣speed Trains Come and learn about the high﹣speed trains! |
Tuesday Meeting Room 18：30﹣21：00 Mr． Smith's lesson： Mobile Payment Mr． Smith is from Beijing University． Learn more about mobile payment |
Wednesday Library 1930﹣21：00 Mr． Brown's report： Online Shopping Would you like to learn online shopping？ Please come and listen! |
（1）If you are free on Monday， you can learn about ．
A． High﹣speed Trains
B． Mobile Payment
C． Online Shopping
（2）Who can give a report about online shopping？
A． Mr． Green．
B． Mr． Smith．
C． Mr． Brown．
（3）How long does Mr． Smith's lesson take？
A． 2 hours．
B． 2 and a half hours．
C． 1 and a half hours．
Social media（媒体）is a big part of most people's lives． There are social apps and sites like WeChat and Sina Weibo， as well as video apps like Douyin and Kuaishou． How do you behave when you use these apps？
Recently researchers at the University of Sussex，UK， studied social media users ranging from 10
to 15 years old． They found that they can be divided into four personality types．
Geeks（极客）
Geeks are active social media users，but they find it much more difficult to deal with the life in the real world． Most of them are boys who like playing computer games and making music and videos． They often post creative works online， using fake（假的） names． In fact， they should avoid spending too much time on the Internet．
Internet celebrities
Internet celebrities like sharing as well ， but they are much more visible （看得见的） than geeks． They might become well﹣known for their singing or dancing． But many of them， especially teenagers ，share almost every side of their lives in order to own more fans． Being a teenage Internet celebrity can sometimes cause problems in the real world．
Lurkers（潜伏者）
The first two groups are lucky to find a place to show their talent． But most teenagers fall into the third type﹣﹣﹣﹣ "lurkers"，or people who are neither too active nor visible．This group prefers WeChat over Sina Weibo， as WeChat has private groups． They can't express themselves well but at least they make sure to protect their personal information．
Victims（受害者）
Victims don't have enough knowledge to keep themselves safe online Their personal information can be made public and cause problems for them． To avoid being a victim， you should check your personal settings on social media．"Friends only" is a good choice for your posts． Don't share your personal information．
（1）What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refer to？
A． Researchers at the University of Sussex， UK．
B． Social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old．
C． Researchers and social media users ranging from 10 to 15 years old．
（2）What do geeks often do on the Internet according to the passage？
A． They share almost every side of their lives．
B． They share their personal information．
C． They post creative works．
（3）The underlined phrase "Internet celebrity" in Paragraph 4 means in Chinese．
A．网络用户
B．网络名人
C．网络博主
（4）Which of the following is TRUE about lurkers？
A． They would rather use WeChat than Sina Weibo．
B． This group is both active and visible．
C． Lurkers don't have enough knowledge to keep their personal information safe online．
（5）The passage is written to
A． offer tips for social media users．
B． teach social media users to use different apps．
C． describe four personality types of social media users．
Chen Lin is a doctor who is from Hengyang，After his graduation from Peking University，he works in an office for a large organization． And this job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer．
Chen Lin works for MSF，an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders（无国界医生）．MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to help people after a war or disaster（灾难）． Chen Lin has traveled to many places to organize programs that help people in need．
At present，there are over 27，000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF projects and tasks．The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999．All kinds of doctors can volunteer for MSF．They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and，of course，they should expect difficult conditions．Doctors with experience in tropical （热带的）diseases are especially useful because most of MSF's work is in Africa．When MSF accepts a doctor for a task ，he has to go for at least six months．When doctors have completed a few tasks，they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster， such as an earthquake．
But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF？ According to Chen Lin，the experience you have is a great help in your career．Besides，just like the explorers of the past，you need to keep an open mind and learn to get along well with the people you meet． Most importantly，at the end of each task， you have made a real difference to people's lives．
（1）According to the first paragraph， which is NOT true about Chen Lin？
A． Sometimes， Chen Lin's job may be dangerous．
B． Chen Lin comes from Guiyang．
C． He graduated from Peking University．
（2）MSF sends trained doctors throughout the world to help people ．
A． before an earthquake．
B． who are homeless．
C． who are injured in a war or a disaster．
（3）Who are greatly needed in Africa according to the passage？
A． Doctors who have experience in tropical diseases．
B． Doctors who are kind and patient．
C． Doctors from all over the world．
（4）What does a doctor have to do if he is accepted for a task by MSF？
A． He has to complete a few tasks．
B． He has to go for at least six months．
C． He has to go to Africa．
（5）From Dr． Chen's words， we learn that ．
A． Where there is a will there is a way
B． Good health is over wealth
C． Giving is getting
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