English is always changing． The English that people used 500 years ago is very different from the English we use now． Even in the last fifty years， English has changed． New words are entering our language all the time． The words internet， email and mobile phone are only twenty years old． The word website is even younger． We only started using it fifteen years ago． But what causes languages to change？ And is language change a positive or a negative thing？
There are many reasons that languages change． One reason is that technology changes． We use new words for new types of technology． Thirty years ago， we only used the word mouse in English to describe an animal． Today， the word mouse also means the object you use to control a computer． Another important reason for language change is communication between different countries and cultures． For instance， English uses words like sugar from Arabic， shampoo from Hindi and yoghurt from Turkish． Languages also change because young people create their own way of talking that is different from their parents． Teenagers often use new slang﹣informal words and phrases﹣to talk to their friends． Some slang gets forgotten， but other slang words become part of normal， everyday language． Words like bus and rock music started as slang， but now they are in the dictionary and everyone uses them．
But is language change a good thing or a bad thing？ Some people think that we should stop languages from changing． They think that they need to protect their language or it will die or become worse． In France， there is an organization called L'Académie Francaise that decides what is correct and what is incorrect in French． They look at the new words that people are using and decide whether they are good French or not． There are also organizations like this in other countries， such as Indonesia and Spain． However， other people believe that language change is a natural thing and shouldn't be stopped． They think that it is normal that languages change over time． They think that languages need to change to stay modern and interesting．
Title： Language Change |
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Changes of English |
★ English （1） in the past 500 years． New words are entering our language all the time， such as email and website． |
Three reasons for language change |
★Technology changes． The word "mouse" also means "鼠标"in Chinese today． ★People from different countries and cultures （2） ． Words like sugar， shampoo， and yoghurt are from different countries． ★Young people create their own way of talking． Some slang words （3） while other slang becomes part of everyday language． |
（4） on language change |
★Some think language change （5） ． If not， their language will become worse or die． ★Some think language change is normal and natural． It can make languages stay modern and interesting． |
On Saturday morning， every boy in town is happy， except Tom Sawyer． He has to paint the fence because he （1） （punish）for the mistakes he made yesterday． The fence is at least nine（2） （foot）high and runs nearly half the block long． After only a few strokes， he sits down and begins to think of all the fun he has planned for the day． He knows that the painting （3） （take）up all afternoon． Even （4） （bad）， other boys will come by soon and see him （5） （do）his chores． Just then， Ben Rogers comes along the road with an apple in his hand． Tom has an idea． He picks up his brush and goes back to work．
"Got to work， hey？" says Ben． "Work？ What work are you talking about？ It's not every day a boy gets to paint a whole fence by（6） （he）．" Then Tom goes on（7） _ （paint）．Ben．watches Tom in （8） （silent）． He becomes more and more（9） _ （interest）．After a while， he says， "Hey， Tom， let me try．"
"No， I'm sorry． Aunt Polly says there isn't one boy in a thousand that's fit to paint the fence．"
"Come on， Tom． Let me just try， please…I'll give you my apple!"
Tom considers a moment longer． Then very slowly he hands the brush over to Ben．Sitting under a shady tree，Tom eats the apple and watches Ben paint the fence in the hot sun．He thinks he（10） （discover）something wonderful since then： To make a boy want something， all you have to do is make that something hard to get!
A group called New Story is working with a company called Icon to quickly build lots of houses for poor people in Tabasco， Mexico．The way they are building the houses is （1） ﹣by 3D﹣printing technology．
New Story is a group（2） works to bring cheap but good houses to people who can't （3） them． The group has built over 2，700 houses in places （4） Bolivia， EI Salvador， Haiti and Mexico． In the past， New Story built（5） houses in a normal way． But it（6） a long time． That's（7） New Story began to work with Icon． Icon has developed a way to build houses （8） by 3D﹣printing them with concrete（混凝土）． Some areas where New Story wants to build houses suffer from earthquakes，（9） _ Icon's houses have been designed to hold up in earthquake conditions．
The houses in Tabasco have two bedrooms， a living room， a kitchen， and a bathroom． Because the houses are created with a computer design， it's easy to（10） _ the design to suit the needs of different families． They are expected to live in later this year．
（1）A． common |
B． expensive |
C． unusual |
D． strong |
（2）A． these |
B． those |
C． this |
D． that |
（3）A． clean |
B． repair |
C． afford |
D． borrow |
（4）A． by |
B． with |
C． like |
D． between |
（5）A． its |
B． his |
C． her |
D． my |
（6）A． had |
B． took |
C． cost |
D． spent |
（7）A． why |
B． how |
C． what |
D． when |
（8）A． possibly |
B． quickly |
C． carefully |
D． suddenly |
（9）A． for |
B．so |
C． or |
D．as |
（10）A． share |
B． print |
C． change |
D． produce |
How can we protect the Earth？ One problem to solve is climate（气候）change． You might wonder about climate change． What is it， exactly？
Gases surround the Earth．（1） Sunlight passes down through the gases． The gases trap（储存）the sun's heat and act like blanket． Without these gases， the Earth would be very cold． The trouble comes when humans add too many gases to the atmosphere．The gases build up and trap even more heat．This causes changes in climate． The Earth becomes too warm．
（2） There's another gas causing climate change． No one talks about it as much． It is nitrous oxide（氧化亚氮）． Many call it laughing gas． Dentists may give patients nitrous oxide so they will not feel pain． The atmosphere has small amounts of nitrous oxide． But nitrous oxide can stay in the atmosphere more than 100 years which can change the climate a lot．
Nitrous oxide forms naturally． （3） Bacteria are living organisms（生物）made of single cells． Farmers use nitrogen fertilizer（氮肥）to help grow bigger crops． The bacteria in the soil take the nitrogen from the fertilizer and make more nitrous oxide with it．
So how can we help？ "Number one is to not waste food，" Wagner Riddle， a scientist from Canada， said． （4） That number comes from a U． S． university study． "There is a lot that goes into making food"， Wagner Riddle says． "So then if it's wasted， it's for nothing．"
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填人文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项．
A． That's the reason for climate change．
B． It comes from bacteria（细菌）that live in the dirt．
C． Carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）is one gas that traps heat．
D． More than one﹣third of all food created in the U． S． is wasted．
E． These gases reach high into the sky and are called the atmosphere（大气层）．
The most difficult thing for university student Ted Rogers is opening his classroom door．Ted can't do this without help because he's only six years old． He's the youngest person ever to study at Rochester University in New York． Ted（1） （begin） reading at two， and by four， he had known a lot about many subjects from astronomy to zoology（动物学）． By the age of five， be had been able to talk to university professors about his ideas．
Ted just（2） （complete） his first book．It（3） （come）out in a few months， shortly after his seventh birthday． "I love learning．" says Ted．
"My hero is the scientist Albert Einstein because he never brushed his hair or（4） _ （wear） socks． "Psychologists（心理学家）have found it difficult（5） （test） Ted's cleverness because they do not have high enough scores for him．Ted's mother first knew her son was different when he kept（6） （cry） at play school because he was bored with the children's games． She started teaching him at home after finding that local schools were not prepared for children who learned at Ted's speed．
Now Ted（7） （study） geography at Rochester University and using the Internet to complete his high school studies．
However， some psychologists warn that too much study can stop a child from（8） _ （grow） up in a healthy way． "I（9） （not care） how clever the kid is． Six﹣year﹣olds have to play with their friends，" says Dr. Brian Wood． Mrs. Rogers doesn't agree that her son's time（10） （take） up completely by schoolwork． "He loves the violin and has many outdoor interests， such as camping， fishing and swimming， just like other boys of his age．"
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