Anyone who has worn a cast (石膏) knows that rebuilding muscle strength once the cast is removed can be difficult. Now researchers at the Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) at Ohio University have found that the mind is critical in maintaining muscle strength following a long period of not moving and that mental imagination may be key in reducing the associated muscle loss.
Strength is controlled by a number of factors---the most studied by far is skeletal muscle. However, the nervous system is also an important, though not fully understood, determining factor of strength and weakness.
Brian C. Clark and colleagues set out to test how the system functions in strength development. They designed an experiment to measure changes in wrist (腕) muscle strength in three groups of healthy adults. Twenty-nine subjects wore a hard cast that extended from just below the elbow (肘) past the fingers, effectively preventing the hand and wrist from moving, for four weeks. Fifteen subjects who did not wear casts served as the control group.
Of the 29 people wearing a hard cast, half were asked to regularly perform an exercise, imagining they were strongly contracting their wrist for five seconds and then resting for five seconds. This was repeated four times in a row followed by a one-minute break for a total of 13 rounds per session and five sessions per week. The other half performed no imagination exercises.
At the end of the four-week experiment, both groups who wore casts had lost strength in their unmoving limbs (肢体) when compared to the control group. But the group that performed imagination exercises lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. The nervous system’s ability to fully make the muscle recover also returned more quickly in the imagination group compared to the non-imagination group.What does the underlined word “critical” mean in the first paragraph?
| A．Serious. | B．Embarrassing. |
| C．Important. | D．Normal. |
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．Scientists have partly understood the nervous system. |
| B．Whoever has worn a cast for long may have difficulty in muscle recovery. |
| C．Scientists have already spent a lot of time in studying skeletal muscle. |
| D．The number of the subjects in the experiment was 29 in all. |
What can we learn from the experiment?
| A．The control group lost 50% less strength than the non-imagination group. |
| B．The imagination group lost more strength than the non-imagination group. |
| C．The control group wore casts but didn’t perform the imagination exercise. |
| D．The speed of non-imagination group’s muscle recovery was slower. |
Where can you most probably find the passage?
| A．In a science magazine. | B．In a storybook. |
| C．In a textbook . | D．In a book review. |
The other day I heard a few local musicians talking:
"I hate all the pianos in this town and I hate that rubbish they play on the radio .They cannot every understand rhythm（韵律)"
"Nobody wants to pay musicians anything. I'm sick of all the people who want you to play without paying you."
One younger musician said, "There are several clubs who want me to play for a few nights a month and I'm trying to find other places to play .I'm also planning to join in several summer festivals this year."
I really liked what the younger musician said so I made friends with him.
Attitudes are important. Whether they're positive or negative(消极) they're all rubbing off on you,If you're around people who are always complaining or blaming others, it is possible that you will start doing the same as well. If you spend lots of time with people who don't support your dreams, it is time to take a look at the people you call " friends".
There is an easy exercise you can try. Make a list of the people who you often stay with, and simply stop , spending time with the negative ones on your list. Set a new standard for yourself and don't become friends with people who fall below that standard.
Of course, this exercise is entirely different from making friends only for the good of oneself. We really should try to help and spend time with those who are working towards a goal or dream.The musicians' conversation at the beginning is there to show that
| A．musicians' living conditions are not good |
| B．people in that town have poor taste in music |
| C．young people are more likely to succeed |
| D．different musicians have different attitudes |
The underlined part in Para. 6 means________.
| A．they'll have an influence on you |
| B．they'll help you realize your dreams |
| C．they'll keep you from moving on |
| D．they'll push you ahead very hard |
Why did the author want to make friends with the younger musician?
| A．He is more active than the others. |
| B．He can earn more than the others. |
| C．His attitude is more positive than the others. |
| D．He has more things to do than the others. |
By doing the exercise mentioned in Para. 7, you can________.
| A．improve your ability to make friends |
| B．make the right kind of friends for sure |
| C．develop a better relationship with your friends |
| D．make some new friends with similar interests |
We can get the following information from the passage EXCEPT________.
| A．the younger musician is a positive person and would be a good friend |
| B．one should avoid making friends with people having lots of difficulties |
| C．the exercise can help you keep close to really helpful friends |
| D．one will start complaining if one spends too much time with negative people |
"If there is one thing I'm sure about, it is that m a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The nature of what is news may change .What basically makes news is what affects our lives - the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though .It's already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic（基因的） engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do - as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It's quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted（传送）electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact ,I'm pretty sure how it will happen m the future. You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read - sports and international news, etc.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media（媒体）．They actually feed off each other. Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn't happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air. And as for the Internet. it's never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.What is the best title for the passage?
| A．The Best Way to Get News | B．The Changes of Media |
| C．Make Your Own Newspaper | D．The Future of Newspaper |
In the writer's opinion, in the future, _______.
| A．more big political affairs, wars and disasters will make news |
| B．newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer |
| C．newspapers will cover more scientific research |
| D．more and more people will watch TV |
What will probably be on in the newspaper made by yourself?
| A．Sports and international news. | B．A menu of important news. |
| C．The most Important news. | D．what you are interested in. |
From the passage, we can infer ________.
| A．newspapers will win the competition among the different meclia |
| B．newspapers will stay with us together with other media |
| C．television will take the place of newspaper |
| D．the writer believe some media will die out |
The phrase "feed off" in the last paragraph means ________ .
| A．depend on | B．compete with | C．fight with | D．kill off |
Being in an unfamiliar school can be frightening. If you start a new school, you'll have to worry about making friends. Here are some simple tips which help you make new friends more easily.
·Try speaking to the students you're sitting next to in class. As they're close by, it is easy to chat to them first.
·Try to speak to everyone in your class. You will study here for three years, so it helps if you get along well with them.
·If you don't have many friends in your class, try and make new friends in your neighbor classes. You can also chat to them at lunchtimes and after school.
·Join a lunchtime or afterschool club. You'll get to meet kids of all years that way.
·Ask your teacher to pair you With another student.
·Use your "celebrity status"(名人身份）! Since you're the new person, you'll have got celebrity status, which you can use for a couple of weeks.
·Talk to classmates, remember to smile, and be open and friendly. Don't break in while your classmates are speaking. When your classmates talk to you, you should listen carefully and look at them in the eye to make them feel important.
·As you grow older, it's natural to make new friends and sometimes that means you begin to grow apart from your old friends. So try and make time for all your friends. But what if a friendship group is pushing you out? If this is happening to you, ask someone you're friendly with what has happened .If the friendship is hopeless, try to find new friends.According to the passage, moving to an unfamiliar school is_______.
| A．interesting | B．exciting | C．uncomfortable | D．boring |
What is the purpose of the passage?
| A．To explain how to make new friends easily. |
| B．To show how to be used to new school life． |
| C．To encourage people to make new friends. |
| D．To introduce how to live in a new school. |
It is suggested that you should ________.
| A．try to study well to be popular with the classmates |
| B．try all your best to help your new classmates |
| C．sit close to a familiar classmate in the classroom |
| D．catch every opportunity to communicate with others |
To make your classmates feel that they are important to you, you can
| A．smile while talking with them |
| B．watch and listen to them carefully |
| C．be friendly and open to them |
| D．make use of your celebrity status |
If a friendship group is leaving you out, you should
| A．make your different friends know each other |
| B．forget them and make new friends at once |
| C．try to know the reason from a close friend |
| D．turn to your teachers or parents for help |
Two weeks before Christmas, Mother told me we were going to my grandmother's house for the holiday. Grandma and Uncle Henry lived on a farm some 15 miles out of town They had no electricity or running water and _ what I considered the "good things" in life. They made no plans for Christmas When Christmas Eve arrived, Mom told me in her best "I-mean-it" voice to _ all the decorations from our tree. She packed those up all the materials for a _ turkey dinner.
Christmas morning perfectly with the sun shining brightly across a fresh blanket of snow. _ I was angry silently in the backseat of the car as we made our _ to grandma's. This was going to be the _ Christmas ever! Grandma was _ to see us as we walked up to her door. "What on earth are you doing here?" she said." We weren't expecting . It's Christmas, and I don't even have a turkey to cook for you." "I knew ." Mom said as we set boxes of goodies(好吃的) on the kitchen table. "That's _ we brought all with us." "We _ have a tree" Mom insisted. " what will we do with all these decorations?" Uncle Henry quickly caught Mom's spirit. He called me to join him, and we found a perfect Christmas tree in the woods. Soon the house _ fresh and piney as we decorated the pine tree, and the day a festive air . The turkey dinner was very good, too. I was actually beginning to enjoy this unusual Christmas day!
Dessert was almost forgotten _ Mom came out with the final surprise-a flaming (色彩鲜明的)pudding! "Merry Christmas, mother," Mom said. "Dear me!" Grandma said with her mouth wide open. "I haven't seen a flaming pudding since I left England before I was married." Tears of filled her eyes. I could not keep the tears . my eyes, either. I knew then that Mom had also given me the best Christmas present ever.
She had taught me what a beautiful thing it is to give.
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One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?" '
I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.
The first two times we met David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon - in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.
Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?
"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering." Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.
"It's your turn," he said.
After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, an d about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.
Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one - without any words – can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry' on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens. When he first met the author, David________.
| A．felt a little excited |
| B．walked energetically |
| C．looked a little nervous |
| D．showed up with his teacher |
As a psychologist, the author_______ .
| A．was ready to listen to David |
| B．was skeptical about psychology |
| C．was able to describe David's problem |
| D．was sure of handling David's problem |
David enjoyed being with the author because he ______.
| A．wanted to ask the author for advice |
| B．need to share sorrow with the author |
| C．liked the children's drawings in the office |
| D．beat the author many times in the chess game |
What can be inferred about David?
| A．He recovered after months of treatment. |
| B．He liked biking before he lost his family. |
| C．He went into university soon after starting to talk. |
| D．He got friends in school before he met the author. |
What made David change?
| A．His teacher's help. |
| B．The author's friendship. |
| C．His exchange of letters with the author. |
| D．The author's silent communication with him. |
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