2017年全国统一高考英语试卷（上海卷）

In the presence of animals

A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care． As far back as the 1790s， the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England （1）

          　（encourage） to spend time with farm animals． This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies（2） 　　（use） on the mentally ill at the time． In recent years， scientists have finally begun to find proof（3） 　　contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and have shown （4） 　　（lower） heart rate， calm upset children， and get people to start a conversation．

   Scientists think that animals' companionship is beneficial （5） 　　animals are accepting and attentive， and they don't criticize or give orders． Animals have the unique ability to be more social． For example， visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions．

   Not only do people seem （6） 　　（anxious） when animals are nearby， but they may also live longer． Studies show that a year （7） 　　heart surgery， survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets． Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions， possibly because animals relieve loneliness． Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind，（8） 　　（result） in a favorable environment for everyone．

   Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children． They are more easy﹣going when there are animals around， with （9） 　company they tend to calm down more easily． They involve （10） 　　in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly．

The iPhone X， Apple's new smart phone， is equipped with facial recognition． （1） 　　， its scanner can unlock the system． It requires no buttons to be pressed， being always ready to read your face． Android users can expect similar （2） 　　as well．

   For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email， send a text or make a call， it will be quick， easy and pretty "cool" to use． However， as we grow （3） 　　to the technology， we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it．

   Facial recognition is already used everywhere． In China， police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk （乱穿马路）． In the United State， more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation． Governments， however， are not the only users of facial recognition． Retailers （零售商） use the technology in their stores to identify （4） 　　shoplifters． One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you．

   However， different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy． Camera distance， lighting， facial pose all affect the accuracy． Officials at the New York Police Department， for example， have （5） 　　at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system． If the iPhone's new system is similarly （6） 　　， no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information． （7） 　 　， it probably won't be． But for many of the systems elsewhere， mistakes and （8） 　　of privacy might be unavoidable．

   As the smart phone of choice for many users， the iPhone's （9） 　　of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere． However， even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer， we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used． Facial recognition may well be （10） 　　． Its risks need not be!

Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to "do what you love．" But mastering a skill， even one that you deeply love， （1） 　 　a huge amount of dull work． Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice， （2） 　　feedback， modification， and increasing improvement again， again and again． Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement． Yet others find this kind of focused， time﹣intensive work to be （3） 　　or boring． Why？

   The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of "flow，" the feeling of being completely （4） 　　in what you are doing． Whether you call it being "in the zone，" or something else， a flow state is a special experience． Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the （5） 　　of flow in the 1970's， it has been a mainstay of positive﹣psychology research． Flow states can happen in the course of any activity， and they are most common when a task has well﹣defined goals and is at a（n） （6） 　 　skill level， and where the individual is able to （7） 　　their performance to clear and immediate feedback．

   Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most （8） 　　entered into flow states had an "autotelic personality （自带目的性人格）"    a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow． While those without such a personality see difficulties， autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills． Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges． They are also （9） 　 　and have low levels of self﹣centeredness． Such people， with their capacity for "disinterested interest" have a great （10） 　　over others in developing their innate abilities．

   Fortunately for those of us who aren't （11） 　　blessed with an autotelic personalily， there is evidence that flow states can be （12） 　　by environmental factors． （13） 　　， the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states．

   While there isn't （yet） a pill that can turn mundane practice into a thrilling activity for anyone， it is heartening that we seem， at least to some （14） 　 　， to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states． By giving ourselves unstructured， open﹣ended time， minimal （15） 　　， and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty， we may be able to love what we're doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we loving doing．

The adaptation of books to the big screen is nothing new to our society． Books have become well﹣respected tools for creating a better Hollywood． However， films should be just as respected for their ability to create better writers．

   The main skill films help writers develop is attention to progress． Most directors and screenwriters know that the majority of people are not willing to sit through a five﹣hour film． Thus， every scene must have a purpose． This is a vital objective to keep in mind when writing a novel or short story． With most writing courses placing emphasis on literary techniques， it is easy to become more invested in diction than with actually moving the plot forward． Films remind the writer that while a novel ought to have some degree of literary complexity， the goal at the end of each chapter， page， or sentence is simple： keep the story moving． Films not only help writers develop a plot， but also help writers develop specific moments within their stories． Although writing a means of expression， not all things are easy to express in writing， especially facial expressions and emotions． Films allow writers to study the bodily and emotional actions that make characters read more realistically and make stories more tempting．

   Lastly， sometimes it takes a film to bring about a story idea in the first place． Stop using a horribly specific or extremely uninteresting prompt． A pleasing theme or aesthetic can be enough to inspire a character or setting． As writers， whether fiction or independent， our works often arise from the things we see around us or the things we wish we could see． Nonetheless， our works also arise from the visuals that have been created for us． As literature continues to enter the film industry， perhaps we should make use of film techniques in our literature．

（1）Reminded by films， a writer can move the plot forward by 　　．

（2）According to the passage， films help writers develop in many aspects except 　　．

（3）The word "prompt" （paragraph 4）probably means 　 　．

（4）Which of the following statements best represents the author's thoughts in this passage？ 　　

American Airlines

   Date of Issue： 233 JAN 10

   Ping Luo：

   Thank you for choosing American Airlines/American Eagle， a member of the one world ^TMAlliance． Below is your journey plan for the ticket（s） purchased． Please print and keep possession of this document for use throughout your trip．

   Record locator： HPMDLH

   You may check in and obtain your boarding pass for U．S． domestic electronic tickets within 24 hours of your flight time online at AA． Come by using www．aa．com/ checkin or at a Self﹣Service Check﹣In machine at the airport． For faster check﹣in at the airport， scan the barcode at any AA Self﹣Service machine．

   Effective February 1， American Airlines will be cashless onboard all flights． For in﹣flight purchases， we will accept Citi®/A Advantage®MasterCard® and other major credit or debit cards only． Cashless cabins will not be implemented onboard American Eagle and American Connection flights …only cash will continue to be accepted onboard those flights．

e Ticket

（1）The above document serves as 　　．

（2）During his journey， Ping Luo will 　　．

（3）According to the document， in order to check in at the airport faster， a passenger may 　　．

There are classes for the mothers of babies， but there's no helping with your mum and dad growing old．

   Old people's wards are hell for old people． Geriatric wards are bedlam and bonkers． A toothless woman screaming when left alone， a cry that reaches the high hospital ceiling． A woman effing and blinding ﹣ the polite curtain will not protect her from the indignity of a happy change． A woman who lives the same moment in repeat， dressed up for going home in a bright red， over the dressing grown， asking for the key to her house， saying over and over： "Am I going home today？"

   And though my mum， by the time she was released， knew that her life was charmed compared with the lives of the world's refugees． It seems to me as if the plight （困境） of old people， while not as horrible as the plight of refugees， shares some of the horror． Just as we live in a society that hasn't caught up with technology， the kind of moral choices it gives people， we also live in a world that hasn't kept up with its ageing population． We have the advances in medical science and technology that have kept people alive longer， but not the advances in how to treat our ageing population． Society is lagging behind the old， failing and falling．

   There are certain small but piercing similarities between the treatment of the old and the treatment of refugees． The old are often displaced from their homes， moved out against their will； decisions are often made for them that they have no say over． Often， they are treated as fools or halfwits， crowded together in one place， given clothes that don't belong to them， treated as a fallen tribe， incapable of any individuality． Nobody imagined my mother was a secretary of the Scottish peace movement， a primary teacher， a lifelong socialist， a witty woman． Out of hospital， my 85﹣year﹣old mum said： "going into hospital at my age puts years on you． God save from old people's wards． You never think of yourself as old． You look across the ward and think， am I like that？"

（1）The treatment of the old is compared of that of the refugees in order to 　 　．

（2）What can be inferred from the passage？ 　　

（3）The author's mom felt that life in the hospital 　　．

（4）The passage mainly discussed 　　．

W    hat would happen if the world suddenly went vegetarian？

   People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons． Some do it to make animal suffering， others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle． Still others are fans of sustainability or wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions． （1） 　　And the more who make the switch， the more those perks would manifest on a global scale．

   Jarvis and other experts at Colombia's International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet's menu overnight．

   First they examined climate change． Food production accounts for one﹣quarter to one﹣third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide， and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry． （2） 　 　In the US， for example， an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars but it is cars， not steaks， that regularly come up in discussions about global warming．

   （3） 　　Of the world's approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land， 68% is used for livestock． Should we all go vegetarian， ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland （牧场） to the restoration of grasslands and forests， which would capture carbon and further alleviate climate change．

   The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply．（4） 　　That's because one﹣third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock not for humans．

Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．

Learning by Rote in the Digital Age

   Rote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching． The dictionary defines learning 'by rote' as：'from memory， without thought of the meaning： in a mechanical way'．

   The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology． No one needs to memorize friends' phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically． And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the Internet in about 6 seconds？ But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning．

   In fact， memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill． Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws． Of course， being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things， but without memorizing these foundation elements， you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject．

   While the Internet and computers have weakened the need for us 10 remember things， it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun．

   Drilling yourself with flashcards or by repetition is usually hard and boring work， which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents． Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation． But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study； our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated， whether through game﹣like structures or recording our progress．

   Once you've acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning， you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important．

李雷宁愿受罚也不愿说谎．（would rather）

在投资项目的过程中出现了一些问题． （arise）

在过去三年中，他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏的关系．（commit）

有人声称这个减肥丸效果显著，立竿见影，且对身体无害．但事实远非如此．（It）

Direction： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

你是※※中学的※※，你校学生会组织一次徒步活动，已在校园网发布方案，征求师生的修改意见．你需要写一封邮件，包括以下两点：

1． 提出你觉得需要改进的地方；

2． 需要改进的原因．