Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers．According to Gabe Rothschild，Emerald Valley’s mayor，people gathered in the suburbs of the city，carrying heavy telescopes，expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky．What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overheaD．
“My family was so frustrated，”admitted town resident Duane Cosby．“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing，but it turned out to be a huge disappointment．”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades．They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past．They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it．
There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution．This population consists of birds，bats，frogs，snakes，etC． For example，outdoor lighting severely affects migrating birds．According to the International Dark-Sky Association．“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers．”
Countless more animal casualties(伤亡)result from the use of artificial lighting．Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings，but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too．They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer．
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution．For years，Flagstaff，Arizona，has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory．Similar efforts have been made worldwide，and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them，so that other creatures can share the night．
It happened last night that ．
| A．the city’s lights affected the meteor watching |
| B．the meteors flew past before being noticed |
| C．the city light show attracted many people |
| D．the meteor watching ended up a social outing |
What do the astronomers complain about?
| A．Meteor showers occur less often than before． |
| B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair． |
| C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years． |
| D．Their eyesight is falling due to artificial lighting． |
What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?
A． Birds may take other migration paths．
B． Animals’ living habits may change suddenly．
C． Varieties of animals will become sharply reduceD．
D． Animals’ survival is threatened by outdoor lighting．
What message does the author most want to give us?
| A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves． |
| B．Great efforts should be made to save energy． |
| C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly． |
| D．New equipment should be introduced for space study． |
第三部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Immediately I got up and dressed, stuck my violin under my jacket, and went out into the streets to try my luck. I wandered about for an hour, looking for a likely spot, feeling as though I were about to commit a crime. Then I stopped at last under a bridge near the station and decided to have a try.
I felt tense and nervous. One moment I was part of the hurrying crowds, the next I stood apart, my back to the wall, my hat on the pavement before me, the violin under my chin.
The first notes I played were loud and raw, then they settled down and began to run more smoothly. To my surprise I was neither caught nor told to shut up. Indeed, nobody took any notice at all. Then an old man without stopping secretly threw a penny into my hat, as if getting rid of some guilty evidence.
Other pennies followed, slowly but steadily, dropped by shadows who appeared not to see or hear me. It seemed too easy, like a secret trick.
I worked there for several days, gradually getting the truths of the trade by trial and error（反复试验）.It was not a good thing, for example, to let the hat fill up with money; nor was it wise to empty it completely. Placing a couple of pennies in the hat to start the thing going soon became a regular rule.
41．When he first began to play the violin, he expected .
A．to get into trouble B．to play better than he did
C．people to stop and listen to him D．to be told to move somewhere else
42．The first man who gave him money .
A．was too busy to stop B．wanted to get rid of him
C．dropped the money by mistake D．did not want to attract attention
43．He gradually became confident that day because .
A．nobody looked at him B．he played the violin very well
C．people continued to give him money D．he earned a lot of money
44．On the following days, he .
A．made a lot of mistakes B．learned how to do the job better
C．get better at playing the violin D．did not make so much money
45．He found that the best way of encouraging people to give him money was to .
A．play in different streets B．leave all the money in the hat
C．empty the hat at regular times D．leave a small amount of money in the hat
In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men´s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors´ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.
Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.
The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.
51. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____
A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion
C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits
52. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by____.
A. got rid of B. killed C. avoided D. cleared away
53. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it´s better for us ____.
A. not to eat much salted meat
B. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills
C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables
D. to develop a good dietary habit
54. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____.
A. vitamin pills are of no avail
B. nutritious food might be unhealthy
C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedy
D. religious fasting may help out a lot
55. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?
A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.
B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.
C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people´s health.
D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.
The exact number of English words is not known. The large dictionaries have over half a million entries, but many of these are compound words (schoolroom, sugar bowl) or different derivatives of the same word (rare—rarely, rarefy), and a good many are obsolete words to help us read older literature. Dictionaries do not attempt to cover completely words that we can draw on: the informal vocabulary, especially slang, localism, the terms of various occupations and professions; words use only occasionally by scientists and specialists in many fields; foreign words borrowed for use in English; or many new words or new senses of words that come into use every year and that may or may not be used long enough to warrant being included. It would be conservative to say that there are over a million English words that any of us might meet in our listening and reading and that we may draw on in our speaking and writing.
Professor Seashore concluded that firstgraders enter school with at least 2,000 words and add 5,000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80,000. These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them. Our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing, is considerably smaller.
You cannot always produce a word exactly when you want it. But consciously using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. Occasionally in your reading pay particular attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the less familiar ones in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them.
Once you know how they are pronounced and what they stand for, you can safely use them.
46. In the author´s estimation, there are ____ words in English.
A. more than half a million B. at least 24,000
C. at least 80,000 D. more than a million
47. The word “obsolete” most probably means ____.
A. no longer in use B. profound C. colorful or amusing D. common
48. One´s recognition vocabulary is ____.
A. less often used than his active vocabulary
B. smaller than his active vocabulary
C. as large as his active vocabulary
D. much larger than his active vocabulary
49. The author does not suggest getting recognition vocabulary into active vocabulary by ____.
A. making a list of words you need and looking up the new ones in a dictionary
B. everyday spending half an hour study the dictionary
C. consciously using the words you recognize in reading
D. trying to use the words you recognize
50. From this passage we learn that ____.
A. dictionaries completely cover the words we can make use of
B. “schoolroom” is used in the passage as an example of a specialized term
C. once you know how a word is pronounced and what it represents, you have turned it into your active word
D. active vocabulary refers to words we understand when we read and hear them
III阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41~55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
“Family” is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of “family” in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family—hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one´s parents and starting one´s own life. The man´s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife´s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife´s parents nor the husband´s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters.
Readers of novels like Jane Austen´s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families were arranged by the girl´s parents, that is, it was the parents´ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents´ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of her could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry. It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results. A girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.
41. What does the author mean by “Family is of course an elastic word”?
A.Different families have different ways of life.
B. Different definitions could be given to the word.
C. Different nations have different families.
D.Different times produce different families.
42. For an English family, the husband´s duty is ____.
A. supporting the family while the wife is financial
B. defending the family while the wife is running the home
C. financial while the wife is running the home
D. independent while the wife is dependent
43. Everything is decided in a family ____.
A.by the coupleB. with the help of their parents
C. by brothers and sistersD. with the help of aunts and uncles
44. What is true concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?
A. It is the best book on marriage.
B. It is a handbook of marriage.
C. It gives quite some idea of English social life in the past.
D. It provides a lot of information of formertime wealthy families.
45.With regard to marriage in Britain, present-day girls differ from former time girls in ____.
A. the right marry B. more parental support
C. choosing husbands D. social position
A new study by a Penn State College of Medicine research team found that honey is a better and safer treatment for children than cough medicines.
Ian Paul, the study’s lead researcher, was motivated to test honey because treating coughs in children has recently become a sticky subject. Coughing is the body’s way of clearing irritated (受刺激的) airways to help you breathe. But too much coughing can irritate your lungs and throat even more. It can also make it tough to get the sleep your body needs to heal. Hoping to ease the suffering of their children, parents often give them cough medicines.
But there have never been any good studies showing that they work. Cough and cold medicines may also cause serious side effects. Hundreds of kids die in the hospital each year after receiving too much cough medicine by mistake. Last October, the US Food and Drug Administration suggested that parents should not give cough medicines to children under 6.
In order to search for a different solution, Paul designed a study that involved 105 kids who were sick with coughs and other cold conditions. At bedtime, the kids took buckwheat (荞麦) honey, honey-flavored (蜂蜜味的) DM (one of the most common ingredients in cough medicines)
, or no treatment. Parents and kids in the no-
-treatment group knew they weren’t getting anything, but the other two groups weren’t told which treatment they were getting.
The surveys showed that kids who swallowed about 2 teaspoons of buckwheat honey before bedtime coughed less and slept better than kids in the other groups. “When parents want something for their kids to take,” Paul says, “honey seems like the best option”.
But what gives honey its healing power? Substances called antioxidants (抗氧化剂) may be
part of the answer. All honey contains antioxidants that protect our cells from damage. Studies show that antioxidant levels in the body rise after someone swallows honey.
68. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?
A. No cough medicines to children
B. Sweet solution to kids’ coughing
C. Best treatment for your cold
D. Cough medicines don’t work
69. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that coughing ______.
A. sometimes does good to people
B. can cure lung and throat diseases
C. is more harmful to children
D. helps improve children’s diet
70. During Paul’s experiment, the kids who received treatment ______.
A. seemed much worse than before
B. knew they weren’t getting anything
C. coughed less and slept better
D. had no idea what they swallowed
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