阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently a new science behind incentives(激励), _ (include) in education, has been discussed.For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children _ (do) better in school.___ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(输入), like reading certain books, while in ___, the incentives (base) on output, like results on exams.His main ___ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be ____(effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over __ they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have __ much higher chance of success.And it’s easier to start again _ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.