【2015·江苏】任务型阅读 (共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分, 满分 10 分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
| What news stories do you read? |
|
| Division of news stories |
● People expect to get ● News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ● Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. |
the two classes |
● News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual ● Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and |
| ● News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a ● News of delayed reward will induce the reader to |
|
| Unstable boundaries of the two classes |
● What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their ● Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and ● Thus, the division, on the whole, |
Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. F=A+E
| a. Basic airport services b. Air transportation c. Beginning period of air transportation d. Rapid growth in the U.S. e. Development of air transportation f. Competition |
81. _______________
Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.
82._____________
The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U.S in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India, Europe, and the United States before World War I, but air transport service did not become a true business until after the war.
83. _____________
During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of "jumbo-jet" transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.
84. _________
During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 m
illion international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U.S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.
85. ________________
Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travelers. These range from such basic services as
ticket-sales counters and resultants to luxury hotels, shopping centers and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange
counters and so on.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
| a. selection b. professional c. Eventually d. added e. generation ae. financial ad. Especially ac. experiencing ab. choosing bc. switch |
One-quarter of today’s student population are suffering from symptoms of depression. Of that group, almost half will experience depression intense enough to call for __43___ help. But many reject that idea, because they don’t want people to think there is something wrong with them.
There are three reasons why today’s college students are suffering more than in earlier ____44___. First is a weaker f
amily support structure. Today, with high divorce rates and many parents __45___ their own psychological difficulties, the traditional family is not always available for help.
Another problem is __46_____ pressure. In the past ten years education costs have risen about 66 percent at public colleges and 90 percent at private schools. __47_____, most students must work part-time.
A final cause of students’ depression is the large __48_____ of majors available. Because of the difficulty of ___49___ a major, college can prove a time of great indecision. Many students ___50____ majors. As a result, it is becoming common for them to take five or six years to get a degree. It can be disappointing to students to be faced with the __51____ costs.
71 It is divided into two types: short term memory and long term memory. Short term memory helps the brain to remember the information from a few seconds to a few minutes, for example, searching a phone number in the phone directory. This type of information is not stored for a long time, and slips from the brain. 72
73 There is no exact definition of brain exercises. The key to brain exercises is to stimulate(刺激) the gray cells of our mind. For example, trying out different problem solving exercises can be a good practice for improving the analytical skills of brain. 74 If you regularly exercise it, you will develop a good body, or else you will have an unfit body, and thus, our brain needs exercises regularly. Here are some memory improvement tips for adults:
●Regular exercises help to keep away diseases that are harmful to the memory. Besides, regular exercising improves the feeling of well-being and improves blood circulation to the brain.
●Don't be stressed, as stress holds back the ability of the mind to concentrate. A stress-free mind will collect and store more information that a stressed mind, so avoid being over-stressed. But in modern times people have great pressure from work and life. 75 . Sleep is necessary for keeping the mind and body fit and the side effects of lack of sleep include a lack of concentration.
| A．Ask your doctors for advice on memory. |
| B．Developing good sleeping habits helps a lot. |
| C．The memory is just like our body in some way. |
| D．Memory is the remembering of any information taken in by the brain. |
E. Not all people have the power to recite so many things at a time.
F. Long term memory, on the other hand, is the memory where we make conscious efforts to keep the information for a long time.
G. Brain exercises are one of the simplest ways of improving memory power.
根据括号里的中文提示，完成句子；每空填一个单词。
71. When she saw the poor dead cat, she ______ _______ _______.(禁不住哭了)
72.Though pandas eat vegetables sometimes, they mainly ______ ______ bamboo.(以…… 为主食)
73. The earthquake will ______ ______ a lot of diseases and homeless people.（导致）
74. It is ______ ______ _______ _______ arguing with him; he is always not reasonable.（浪费时间）
75. Don’t ______ ______ _______ your classmates. It is impolite.（取笑）
76. He didn’t steal anything. ______ ______ he is honest all the time.（事实上）
77. After eight years, the machine is still _____ ______ and in good condition.（在使用中）
78. Once you make a promise, you should ______ it ______.（实施）
79. We had reached the top of the mountain ______ _____ _____ sun rose.（到…… 时候）
80. You must keep calm when fires ______ ______ . （发生）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
____46____ . He had more money than he could ever spend, and he was admired and looked up
to by his community._____47_____ .He was not happy. All his life he had been pursuing happiness and struggling for happiness, but he had never been able to find it.
Then one day he heard about a hidden temple in Nepal that had a special room that contained the secret of happiness._____48_____ .After many years searching and countless hardships he arrived there. He was tired and penniless, but he knew that none of that mattered now because he had found the temple. He asked a wise, smiling monk(和尚)if he could enter the 
special room. The monk agreed and showed him to the stairs leading to the room._____49____ .He stared into the room with sunlight streaming through the window and saw what he had come so far to find. There hanging on the wall was the secret of happiness. The man looked at his reflection in the mirror and laughed.
___50___ .Happiness is a choice that we can make. Don’t spend the rest of your life searching the world for happiness then. Just look at the mirror and laugh. Let the happiness flow from your heart, mind, and soul until it fills your life and the lives of all around you.
| A．He immediately sold all that he owned and set out to find this hidden temple. The man found the secret of happiness at last. |
B．But he knew that somethi ng was missing in his life. |
| C．He climbed them with legs shaking with expectation and slowly opened the door. |
| D．There was once a very wealthy and successful man. |
E. It is time we all realized that we were the secret of our own happiness.
F. It was difficult to find the temple in Nepal.
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