When your friend yawns as you chat, don't be angry. For, far from being a sign of boredom, yawning may signal empathy (同感).
Scientists believe that contagious (容易感染他人的) yawning— yawning someone else does —is a sign of being very in the first person's thoughts and feelings. This is the theory of Italian researchers who more than 100 men and women from four continents as they went to work, ate in restaurants and sat in the waiting room. When one of the yawned, the researchers noted whether anyone within 10 feet yawned within the next three . Their results showed that race and had no effect on whether the uncontrollable urge to yawn was . But how well the two people knew each other did.
A reciprocal (相互的) yawn was most to occur among family members, then , then acquaintances. The phenomenon was common among strangers, the journal PLoS ONE reports.
The University of Pisa team concluded that contagious yawning is driven by how emotionally (感情上的) we are to someone and so how likely we are to the same feeling with them. They say there are other reasons to link yawning with empathy. , we start to "catch" yawns from the age of four or five, around the time when we the ability to identify each other's emotions .
Studies also show that those easily by contagious yawning are better at knowing others are thinking about from their faces.
Most animals, including snakes and fish, yawn, it is only contagious in humans and chimps (猩猩) and, according to a recent study, dogs.The researchers, from the University of London's Birbeck College, put 29 in a room with a yawning man and found that 21, or 72%, also started to yawn. They said the skill may allow the pet to build stronger with their owners.
A．when B．before C．while D．after
A．absorbed B．concerned C．interested D．disappointed
A．observed B．saw C．noticed D．watched
A．workers B．customers C．researchers D．volunteers
A．days B．weeks C．minutes D．hours
A．age B．sex C．profession D．health
A．passed on B．passed by C．passed away D．passed through
A．normal B．possible C．likely D．probable
A．strangers B．friends C．teachers D．classmates
A．most B．more C．less D．least
A．distant B．different C．close D．fond
A．share B．hurt C．lack D．mix
A．For example B．That is C．In a word D．To begin with
A．need B．lose C．control D．develop
A．exactly B．properly C．particularly D．quickly
A．disturbed B．caught C．influenced D．interrupted
A．what B．which C．how D．who
A．and B．but C．so D．otherwise
A．snakes B．fish C．cats D．dogs
A．beliefs B．bonds C．basis D．bodies
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36至50各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中,选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds．It's 36 that being full of vim（活力） and vigor（精力） helps the body 37 illnesses, say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University（CMU） in Pittsburgh．
"We need to take more seriously the possibility that a 38 emotional style is a fighter player in disease risk," says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study's lead researcher．
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who 39 to be cheerful and lively were 40 likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms （症状）．
Those findings were interesting, but they didn't prove that a person's 41 affects whether he or she gets sick． 42 it was still possible that a person's underlying personality is 43 matters．
44 suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing（外向的）and 45 , with high self-respect and a sense of 46 over life．This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our 47 of catching colds．
To figure out which mattered more （personality or 48 ）, the CMU team 49 193 healthy adults．The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks．They told the researchers about the positive and negative 50 they had experienced that day．
The results showed that everyone in the study was 51 likely to get infected．Their symptoms（征兆）, however, 52 depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the 53 2 weeks．
Scientists 54 about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger 55 on how healthy we are．For now, it can't hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
A．necessary B．possible C．doubtful D．certain
A．fight B．reduce C．stop D．remove
A．negative B．standard C．passive D．positive
A．failed B．managed C．tended D．had
A．thought B．attitude C．strength D．quality
A．Instead B．Therefore C．Thus D．Still
A．that B．why C．what D．who
A．Theory B．Reason C．Evidence D．interview
A．active B．optimistic C．brave D．healthy
A．control B．humour C．direction D．urgency
A．attitudes B．sufferings C．chances D．emotions
A．qualities B．ideas C．emotions D．conditions
A．examined B．watched C．tested D．interviewed
A．characters B．feelings C．attitudes D．thoughts
A．equally B．less C．most D．hardly
A．occurred B．differed C．suffered D．reduced
A．same B．exact C．valuable D．previous
A．talk B．know C．argue D．think
A．effect B．feeling C．impression D．impact
When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 36 to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. 37 it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one. 38 , to be honest, I found it extremely 39 to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and 40
not fully understand the meanings. I was used to the 41 bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are 42 both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt 43 to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I 44 that monolingual dictionaries are 45 in learning a foreign language.
As I found out, there is, 46 , often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two 47 in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48 that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the 49 meaning of a word in English! 50 , she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary 51 I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. 52 , I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses only a(n) 53 number of words, around 2,000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 54 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 55 this, I can express myself more easily in English.
A．worried B．sad C．surprised D．nervous
A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．If
A．But B．So C．Or D．Then
A．difficult B．interesting C．helpful D．practical
A．thus B．even C．still D．again
A．new B．familiar C．earlier D．ordinary
A．explained B．expressed C．described D．created
A．offered B．agreed C．decided D．happened
A．imagine B．recommend C．predict D．understand
A．natural B．better C．easier D．convenient
A．at least B．in fact C．at times D．in case
A．words B．names C．ideas D．characters
A．hope B．declare C．doubt D．tell
A．exact B．basic C．translated D．expected
A．Rather B．However C．Therefore D．Instead
A．when B．before C．until D．while
A．Largely B．Generally C．Gradually D．Probably
A．extra B．average C．total D．limited
A．repeatedl B．nearly C．immediately D．anxiously
A．According to B．In relation to C．In addition to D．Because of
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 36 , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was 37 and ill.
My father was 38 a strong man who loved being active, but a terrible illness 39 all that away. Now he can no longer walk, and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is 40 . One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We started 41 about life, and I told them about one of my 42 . I said that we must very often give things up 43 we grow --- our youth, our beauty, our friends --- but it always 44 that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father 45 up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up 46 ! What did I gain?” I thought and thought, but I couldn’t think of anything to say. 47 , he answered his own question: “I 48 the love of my family,” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also 49 by his words. After that, when I began to feel irritated (愤怒的) at someone, I 50 remember his words and become 51 . If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others, then I should be 52 to give up my small irritations. In this 53 , I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I 54 what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For now, though, I am grateful for this one 55 .
A．Afterwards B．Therefore C．However D．Meanwhile
A．tired B．weak C．poor D．slow
A．already B．still C．only D．once
A．took B．threw C．sent D．put
A．impossible B．difficult C．stressful D．Hopeless
A．worrying B．caring C．talking D．asking
A．decisions B．experiences C．ambitions D．beliefs
A．as B．since C．before D．till
A．suggests B．promises C．seems D．requires
A．spoke B．turned C．summed D．opened
A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
A．Surprisingly B．Immediately C．Naturally D．Certainly
A．had B．accepted C．gained D．enjoyed
A．touched B．astonished C．attracted D．warned
A．should B．could C．would D．might
A．quiet B．calm C．Relaxed D．happy
A．ready B．likely C．free D．able
A．case B．form C．method D．way
A．doubt B．wonder C．know D．guess
A．award B．gift C．lesson D．word
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ll never forget my first job interview. It was a 36 position at an elementary school in my hometown. I was very 37 and worried, but I thought I had an “in” 38 I knew many people in this district. I felt 39 that the interview would be a piece of cake. I had 40 well for my interview; I had been 41 interview questions in front of my mirror for days. I wore my navy blue suit and took my 42 of lessons I had taught during student teaching. There was 43 I would not face this interview.
After arriving at the school about half an hour early, I waited 44 in the office. The secretary told me not to be nervous.“ Just 45 ,”he advised. When the time for my interview 46 came, I was so nervous that I didn’t think I could 47 any questions. Inside the interview room, 48 people sat at a round table: two teachers, two principals(校长),and a member of the school board .I had been 49 there would only be three people at the interview, and was overwhelmed(不知所措的)by the presence of 50 interviewers.
Once the interviewers started asking questions, 51 ,I answered with ease. Everyone smiled and we even 52 .After they finished asking questions, the 53 told me they would call me in two weeks. Two years later ,I ‘m still waiting for the 54 ! I eventually found out that it was my lack of 55 that kept me from getting the job offer.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21----40各题所给的4 个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A farewell party was going on. Sylvia Calver hated being the center of any pubic show where she didn’t know anyone. It made her 36 hot and she always felt she wanted to go away somewhere. But on an occasion like this when she knew 37 , there was no 38 to feel shy. 39she had made up her mind to 40 people’s attention for once in her life. Unlike others, Sylvia didn’t have any sad feelings herself at leaving Palmeira Court Hotel or saying goodbye to its 41 — she had left so many other 42 , and known too many people in her life to get upset by such things now.
Yet this 43 was a particular occasion, and she hadn’t had so many of those in her 44. She had put on her 45 black dress and her long earrings. She had wanted to enjoy being the center of 46 for one evening, but now they had 47 old Miss Hutton of all people to give the 48 speech, whom she disliked. Even so, she thought there was no sense in getting 49 about it, for it was the first rule her 50 had given her — avoid all anxiety, take things easy. So, surprising herself by enjoying her own well-rounded white arm as 51 showed through the sleeve of her 52 dress, she took a taste of her drink and then sat back comfortably with her cigarette. And her doctor’s orders worked! For 53 out slowly, she put Miss Hutton off the end of her 54 with a cloud of tobacco smoke, so that she smiled to herself at the old girl’s funny expression. She 55 herself quite well that night, even to her own surprise.
A．face B．show C．room D．dress
A．nothing B．nobody C．everything D．everybody
A．chance B．time C．reason D．use
A．So B．But C．For D．There
A．pay B．give C．enjoy D．offer
A．guests B．people C．places D．things
A．houses B．friends C．hotels D．parties
A．morning B．afternoon C．evening D．night
A．life B．work C．school D．home
A．large B．best C．most D．worst
A．service B．exhibition C．Group D．attention
A．ordered B．chosen C．wished D．helped
A．long B．great C．goodbye D．welcome
A．excited B．anxious C．puzzled D．pleased
A．teacher B．friend C．husband D．doctor
A．they B．he C．it D．she
A．black B．white C．red D．green
A．getting B．putting C．breathing D．speaking
A．action B．speech C．work D．performance
A．made B．enjoyed C．understood D．thought
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