In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that "the production, distribution, and use of products - as well as management of the resulting waste - all result in greenhouse gas release." Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start - for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
| 1． |
By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that.
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| 2． |
The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.
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| 3． |
What does the passage mainly talk about?
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The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.
During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children’s theatre, but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.
Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?
| A．She lent her some serious classics. |
| B．She cultivated her taste for music. |
| C．She discovered her talent for dancing. |
| D．She introduced her to adult plays. |
What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
| A．A book of great fun. | B．A writer of high fame. |
| C．A serious masterpiece. | D．A heartbreaking play. |
Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.
| A．develop her capabilities for writing |
| B．give her a chance to collect material |
| C．involve her in teenage social activities |
| D．offer her a series of writing jobs |
We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.
| A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined |
| B．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential |
| C．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils. |
| D．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning |
51---------
Successful people are nicer to those who are jealous of them, psychologists have found.
The fear that they may become the target of malicious（恶意的）envy makes people act more helpfully toward people who they think might be jealous of them.
Previous research found jealousy could be divided into benign and malicious envy. Those with benign envy were motivated to improve themselves, to do better so they could be more like the person they envied.52-------- The Dutch researchers then set out to question the effect on the target of the envy.
In lab experiments a group of people were made to feel like they would be maliciously envied by being told they would receive an award of five euros（欧元）53-------The researchers thought that the deserved prize would lead to benign envy, while the undeserved prize would lead to malicious envy.
Then the volunteer was asked to give time-consuming advice to a potentially envious person.People who had reason to think they would be the target of malicious envy were more likely to take the time to give advice than targets of benign envy.
In another experiment, an experimenter dropped a number of erasers on the floor as the volunteer was leaving.54-------- He said: 'This sort of serves a useful group function. We all think better-off people should share with others but that's not something we are inclined to do when we are better off..55----------
| A．Those who thought they would be maliciously envied were more likely to help him pick them up. |
| B．Helping others is a virtue. |
| C．However those with malicious envy wanted tobringthe more successful persondown. |
| D．Malicious envy. is terrible. |
E. This fear of envy can encourage us to behave in ways that improve the social interactions of the group.'
F. People are more likely to help others if they think they are envious of them.
G.. Sometimes the prize was deserved and was based on the score they were told they had earned on a quiz. But sometimes it was not based on their score at all.
Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare； there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted； and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But
many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs.
Before a couple is married，they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready，then comes the most exciting moment.
The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played. The bride carrying a bouquet enters last with her father who will "give her away". The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar， the bride and groom exchange vows. It is traditional to use the words "To have and to hold from this day forward， for better， for worse， for richer， for poorer， in sick
ness and in health， to love and to cherish， till death do us part". Following the
vows， the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.
After the ceremony there is often a party, called a "reception" which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlyweds.
The car in which the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamers and shaving cream. The words "Just Married" are painted on the trunk or back window. The bride and groom run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church， friends often chase them in cars， honking and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon. What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．Introducing the kinds of wedding in the USA |
| B．introducing the whole procedure of the wedding in the USA |
| C．Introducing the traditional wedding ceremony in the USA |
| D．Introducing a forgetful wedding party in the USA |
Which of the following sentences is true?
| A．In American ,before a couple are married, they never get engaged. |
| B．It is an old custom to wear the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the right hand. |
| C．They don’t invite the relatives who live far away to the wedding party. |
| D．The couple will go on their honeymoon on the very wedding day. |
Which is the last but one step of the wedding ceremony?
| A．The bride carrying a bouquet enters with her father who will "give her away" |
| B．t he bride and groom exchange vows |
| C．the couple exchange rings |
| D．The wedding party enters the church while the wedding march is played |
Hurry! Time to “steal vegetables”
Don't be afraid! We are not encouraging the stealing behavior, but to tell you maybe the most popular topic from white-collars' mouth in cities. Together with "How many vegetables do you steal today," "it's harvest time for your ripe peach," "I bought you a new car today."
Are there so many people in the city really have their own farms, or are they really so rich to buy someone else cars casually?
The answer is obviously negative. They just play some games on Social Network Sites (SNS) like kaixin001.com.
Can you imagine that more than millions of people in Chinese mainland will spend lots of time on SNS to play game and talk to friends, especially white-collars who work in the cities? Take kaixin001.com as an example, the current member of it has already hit 38 million.
However, the great number of people who would like to use such SNS indicates another social problem. That is lots of people choose to escape from the reality. And SNS just offer them a Virtual space to forget the reality.
Kinds of games and various of friends do give netizens lots of fun. Though indulging, dreaming, chatting and playing , it seems like people could really escape from all the upsets in reality. But virtual world is not real and no one can live in it forever, and reality is not that simple like noodling around on the internet.
Since this kind of social phenomenon is so popular on the internet, people start thinking to remove it in the reality.After playing the "happy farm" game on kaixin001.com, would you like to put yourself among the real corps while smelling the fragrance of the countryside? Recently, a farm land service called "happy farm in reality" was opened in the suburbs of Shanghai where white-collar workers from around that region can experience the real farmer's life by themselvesWhat is the topic of the passage?
| A．It’s time to” steal vegetables.” |
| B．a computer game called “Happy Farm” |
| C．open a farm in reality |
| D．something behind the game “Happy Farm” |
Why are so many people interested in “Happy Farm”?
| A．Because they like playing computer games. |
| B．Because it offers them a virtual space to escape from reality. |
C．because they can talk and play with their friends at the same time. |
| D．because they can harvest peaches. |
Which group are the majority playing the “Happy Farm” game?
| A．Farmers | B．White-collars | C．workers | D．students |
What’s the author’s attitude towards the “ Happy Farm” game?
| A．positive | B．worried | C．neutral | D．we don’t know |
Only if you don’t have a fear of heights do you want to visit the CN Tower. And if you can take a trip to the top of it will surely be worth it. The CN tower is Canada’s most famous symbol and the centre of tourism in Toronto.
Over 550 meters, it is one of the tallest building in the world; on a clear day the view is wonderful. Each year, around 2 million people take the elevator ride to the top of the tower to take in the breath-taking view at the top of the world. Once you are at the top, see if you have the courage to walk across the see-through glass floor .
If you are hungry, plan to eat at the revolving restaurant at the top of the tower. The floor in the 360-degree restaurant rotates once every 72 minutes allowing everyone a complete view of the city below. The CN tower has broken record many times, winning such titles as World’s Longest Metal staircase ,World’s Tallest building and , most recently , World’s Highest Wine Cellar. In 1995, the CN tower was considered as one of the seven wonders of the Modern World.
Today, the top of the tower, more than 333m in the air, serves as the year-round workplace for more than 550 people. The tower’s workers help to make the world-class attractions and food there.
While at the CN tower, you’ll also have the chance to visit gift shops. You will find the CN Tower in the heart of downtown, on Front Street. On the north shore of Lake Ontario, the CN Tower is open 364 days a year(closed on Christmas Day).Who can’t visit the CN tower?
| A．Someone who has heart attack. |
| B．An old man who has got flu. |
| C．A person afraid of height |
| D．A woman having high blood. |
How many titles has the Tower got?
| A．2 | B．3 | C．4 | D．5 |
Which of the following number is Not agree with its description?
| A．333 --- the height of the tower |
| B．550 --- the number of people who work at the top of the tower |
| C．364 --- the days that the tower is open each year |
| D．360--- the degree of the restaurant revolves. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．You can go to visit the tower any day you like. |
| B．You can buy some gifts and eat as well while you are at the tower. |
| C．You have to climb the stairs to the top of the tower to enjoy the view. |
| D．The floor of the revolving restaurant is made of glass. |
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