Today, roller skating is easy. But a long time ago, . Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man named Joseph Merlin. Merlin’s work was making musical instrument. In his spare time he liked to play the violin. Joseph Merlin was a man of ideas and dreams.
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One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. .As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room..
Merlin tried different ways to make himself roll. Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. . Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. But there was just one problem. . He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time.
| A．He was very pleased and excited. |
| B．Only people from rich families could afford roller skating. |
| C．Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. |
| D．it wasn’t easy at all. |
E. People called him a dreamer
F. One of his wheels suddenly broke down.
G. These were the first roller skates
单词拼写 （共 10 小题; 每小题 1 分， 满分 10 分） Frogs can catch many harmful insects, so they are a kind of b_________ animal.
The whole community felt great s___________ for the family’s bad luck.
The teacher c___________ her on winning the contest the other day.
It is widely a____________ that John is the best player in the university.
Ladies and Gentlemen! I would like to propose a t_________ to our friendship.
Make sure to ________ (分发) these materials to the hands of the victims.
She made several ________________(购买)in the dress shop.
I sat ____________(对面) him during the meal.
As the hunter approached, the rabbits _____________(逃跑) in all directions.
The country is ____________(丰富的) in natural resources.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness? __1___. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
※ Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
※Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. ___2___.
※When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in selfpity. Truly happy people don’t allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
※__3_. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
※ 4 . Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously putting yourself in a better mood.
※Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
※Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. 5
| A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. |
| B．On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious. |
| C．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood． |
| D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. |
E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.
F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness.
G．It’s also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.
Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building．The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them．However, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman．His interview produced a breakthrough—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close the case．
The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive(认知) interview, a kind of memory - rebuilding process．Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall part of the relevant information．Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress．But a person's accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques．The "cognitive interview" was developed in the late 1990s．It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives （角度） ．
The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything that connects to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is retelling events in a variety of time orders, such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives while recalling events．
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same．It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony （证词）．The purpose of the passage is to _____．
| A．give an account of a murder case. |
| B．introduce an idea of cognitive interview. |
| C．prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview. |
| D．help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview. |
What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness?
| A．The exact time at which a murder took place． |
| B．The information about the event in the time order． |
| C．The important things that come to his or her mind． |
| D．The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event． |
The key point in a cognitive interview is that .
| A．the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information. |
| B．the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time. |
| C．the interview should take place outside the police station. |
| D．the witness should recall details at the scene of the event. |
The underlined word "distorted" in the passage probably means " ____
| A．arranged | B．balanced | C．changed | D．examined |
Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show "Sight Unseen", at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29, includes everything: underwater scenes, landscapes, abstracts and everything else you might expect from a "sighted" photographer．
How do the blind take their photographs? Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （镜头） , and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists," says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．" One participating photographer is Pete Eckert, an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快门） on his camera and then uses flashlights, lights, and candles to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago, Weston, lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
What do gallery-goers say? "I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different," says John Hesketh, a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
Beyond the praise, however, the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk, one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability, you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way, it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"From the passage we know that some blind people take photos by .
| A．describing the things to their assistants. |
| B．holding the camera and shooting randomly. |
| C．opening the shutter with the help of others. |
| D．using special equipment designed for them. |
We can learn from the passage that blind photographers ______.
| A．were not born blind. |
| B．do jobs related to art. |
| C．focus on different subjects. |
| D．like photos of destruction. |
What is people's reaction to the blind photography show?
| A．They admire the blind photographers' hard work． |
| B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers． |
| C．They think some have good techniques while others not． |
| D．They can understand the real meaning of each photograph． |
The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact that ______．
| A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show. |
| B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about. |
| C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works. |
| D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world. |
People living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in this country each year．Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do while there can either benefit or harm the environment．
While on holiday
Many of the things you can do to the greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals．Here are some suggestions:
●Making the most of locally produced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport;
●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect;
●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats （栖息地）.
Endangered species （物种）
Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals．Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts．More details of the types of products to avoid and illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert web page．
Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting
There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment:
●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats;
●When you are away, or if you are looking for somewhere to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects．According to the passage, we can __ to help reduce climate change effect.
| A．make good use of water |
| B．buy local food and drink |
| C．save electricity |
| D．go around on foot |
We should check the gifts and foods before buying because ______．
| A．sometimes they are of poor quality. |
| B．they may not be typical local products. |
| C．some of them will do harm to our health. |
| D．they may be made from endangered animals or plants. |
We can infer from the passage that ____．
| A．it is not easy for people to travel abroad. |
| B．not everyone can tell an illegal souvenir. |
| C．green holidays have been accepted by people. |
| D．volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats. |
The passage is mainly about .
| A．travel dos and don'ts. |
| B．the harm done to the environment. |
| C．greener choices for holiday. |
| D．tips on protecting endangered species. |
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